Compound Research Guide

THC, explained simply with PubMed links

This page translates THC research into plain English: what scientists studied, what kind of evidence exists, where the source links are strong or limited, and which PubMed records support each bucket.

Launch set page

Read Evidence Overview Open Source Table

156research sources

29evidence buckets

PubMedlinked references

What this page is

A plain-English research page about THC. It explains what researchers studied and links the PubMed or DOI sources.

How to use it

Read the overview first. If a sentence matters to you, open the PubMed link or source table below it.

Important limit

This page is education, not medical advice, dosing advice, or a recommendation to use cannabinoids.

Evidence Rows 192

Traceable statements carried into the source table.

Human Evidence 16

Rows where human participants, patients, or clinical evidence are visible.

Mechanisms 27

Biology, target, enzyme, receptor, or pharmacology rows.

Safety / Limits 18

Safety, tolerability, uncertainty, or insufficient-evidence context.

Evidence Overview

THC has research behind it, but the bucket matters.

This page currently indexes 156 research sources across 29 evidence bucket(s). Read it as a map of what researchers have studied, not as a single bottom-line instruction. PMID 31647377

Human evidence 16 evidence rows

Human studies are separated from preclinical and mechanistic evidence so a reader can see where people were actually studied. PMID 31647377

Mechanisms 27 evidence rows

Mechanistic rows explain biological plausibility, receptor activity, enzyme activity, or pharmacology; they do not automatically prove an outcome in people. PMID 31647377

Safety and limits 18 evidence rows

Safety, tolerability, product quality, impairment, interactions, and higher-risk contexts stay visible instead of being treated as footnotes. PMID 31647377

Evidence Buckets

What the THC research is usually about

Jump to source-backed table

Safety, risk, adverse events, and formulation concerns

THC appears in rows studying Safety, risk, adverse events, and formulation concerns. It currently draws from 18 research source(s), so the population, dose, route, and endpoint should be checked before reading across contexts. PMID 31647377

CB2

THC appears in rows about CB2 mechanisms. It currently draws from 11 research source(s), and mechanistic evidence should stay separate from human-outcome evidence. PMID 17828291

Appetite and metabolic outcomes

THC appears in rows studying Appetite and metabolic outcomes. It currently draws from 10 research source(s), so the population, dose, route, and endpoint should be checked before reading across contexts. PMID 23570087

CB1

THC appears in rows about CB1 mechanisms. It currently draws from 10 research source(s), and mechanistic evidence should stay separate from human-outcome evidence. PMID 16596770

Cognition and memory

THC appears in rows studying Cognition and memory. It currently draws from 10 research source(s), so the population, dose, route, and endpoint should be checked before reading across contexts. PMID 26912385

Sleep

THC appears in rows studying Sleep. It currently draws from 10 research source(s), so the population, dose, route, and endpoint should be checked before reading across contexts. PMID 40186931

Reader Map

Evidence buckets before the source table

Grouped for readability

Bucket	Plain-English meaning	Evidence posture	Starting source
Safety, risk, adverse events, and formulation concerns	Grouped source-backed rows focused on Safety, risk, adverse events, and formulation concerns, collapsed into one reader-facing bucket before the full source table.	Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (14), mechanistic or pharmacological (1), preliminary human (3)	PMID 31647377
CB2	Grouped source-backed rows focused on CB2, collapsed into one reader-facing bucket before the full source table.	Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (4), mechanistic or pharmacological (7)	PMID 17828291
Appetite and metabolic outcomes	Grouped source-backed rows focused on Appetite and metabolic outcomes, collapsed into one reader-facing bucket before the full source table.	Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (8), preliminary human (2)	PMID 23570087
CB1	Grouped source-backed rows focused on CB1, collapsed into one reader-facing bucket before the full source table.	Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (6), mechanistic or pharmacological (4)	PMID 16596770
Cognition and memory	Grouped source-backed rows focused on Cognition and memory, collapsed into one reader-facing bucket before the full source table.	Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (6), mechanistic or pharmacological (1), preliminary human (3)	PMID 26912385
Sleep	Grouped source-backed rows focused on Sleep, collapsed into one reader-facing bucket before the full source table.	Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (6), preliminary human (4)	PMID 40186931
Cardiovascular risk	Grouped source-backed rows focused on Cardiovascular risk, collapsed into one reader-facing bucket before the full source table.	Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (7), preliminary human (2)	PMID 12412838
Dependence and withdrawal	Grouped source-backed rows focused on Dependence and withdrawal, collapsed into one reader-facing bucket before the full source table.	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (9)	PMID 41025421

Safety Reading Notes

Read safety context beside the research guide.

The THC source set includes safety-context rows around Safety, risk, adverse events, and formulation concerns. Public reading should keep these rows beside the benefit-oriented buckets, because product identity, dose, route, population, impairment, interactions, and adverse-event context can change what a study means. PMID 31647377

Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (14), mechanistic or pharmacological (1), preliminary human (3)

PubMed For Dummies Article

THC Evidence Review: the long-form source walk-through

Quick read

THC currently has 192 source-backed evidence row(s), so this page should be read as a research guide rather than a single conclusion. PMID 31647377
The evidence classes most visible in the row language are insufficient (143), mechanistic or pharmacological (28), preliminary human (19), and preclinical (2). PMID 33497784
The study-design language most visible in the row language is Narrative or expert review (89), Systematic review (19), Animal study (17), and other mapped categories (35). PMID 33839427
The repeated topics are safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns (18), CB2 (11), Cognition and memory (10), Appetite and metabolic outcomes (10), and other mapped categories (143), which tells the reader where to start opening PubMed and DOI links. PMID 40172477

Start with the research question

THC is built from 192 source-backed evidence row(s) and 156 research source(s). The current evidence classes read as insufficient (143), mechanistic or pharmacological (28), preliminary human (19), and preclinical (2), and the study-design language most often reads as Narrative or expert review (89), Systematic review (19), Animal study (17), and other mapped categories (35). PMID 31647377

The row-level question is not simply whether THC is "good" or "bad." The useful question is what each row studied, what evidence class it received, and whether the source is close to the reader's actual question. The most repeated row topics are safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns (18), CB2 (11), Cognition and memory (10), Appetite and metabolic outcomes (10), and other mapped categories (143). PMID 17828291

Human evidence 16 rows

Rows involving human participants, patients, or clinical source language. These rows are closer to everyday reader questions, but still depend on population, dose, route, comparator, and endpoint. PMID 41025421

Preclinical evidence 2 rows

Animal, cellular, or model-based rows. These can explain why a topic is being studied, but they should not be read as human-health instructions. PMID 34634690

Mechanistic evidence 27 rows

Rows about receptors, enzymes, channels, metabolism, binding, signaling, or pharmacology. These explain plausibility without proving a consumer outcome. PMID 33093741

Limits and uncertainty 161 rows

Rows where safety, tolerability, risk, product limits, or insufficient evidence need to stay visible next to the rest of the article. PMID 32399568

The lane labels are not a quality score. They are a reading method: keep human evidence, preclinical evidence, mechanisms, and uncertainty in separate mental boxes before deciding what a source can actually support. PMID 40164212

Where this page has the most source density

The largest bucket surfaced for this page is Safety, risk, adverse events, and formulation concerns. That does not automatically mean the topic is settled; it means this is where the current source trail is densest. The next visible bucket is CB2, which gives readers another way to see what the literature repeatedly circles. PMID 31647377

Source density should be read with evidence posture. A bucket can contain many rows and still be limited if the studies are indirect, mixed, preclinical, product-specific, or mostly review-level. The paragraphs below name the buckets directly and keep each explanation connected to a source record. PMID 17828291

Bucket chapters: what the literature is circling

Safety, risk, adverse events, and formulation concerns

18 research sources 18 rows (218-375) Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (14), mechanistic or pharmacological (1), preliminary human (3)

Read this bucket as safety context first. It belongs beside any benefit-oriented rows because risk, route, dose, product quality, co-exposures, and population can change what a source means. PMID 31647377

Evidence row 218
THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concer... PMID 31647377
Evidence row 375
THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synt... PMID 30687936

CB2

11 research sources 11 rows (863-922) Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (4), mechanistic or pharmacological (7)

THC appears in rows about CB2 mechanisms. It currently draws from 11 research source(s), and mechanistic evidence should stay separate from human-outcome evidence. PMID 17828291

Read this bucket as mechanism or pharmacology context. Mechanisms can make the biology easier to understand, but they are not the same thing as a demonstrated effect in people. PMID 17828291

Evidence row 863
THC modulates CB2; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or s... PMID 17828291
Evidence row 922
THC modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tiss... PMID 18247131

Appetite and metabolic outcomes

10 research sources 10 rows (488-497) Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (8), preliminary human (2)

Read this bucket as closer to a real-world question, then check the study population, dose, product, comparator, and endpoint before generalizing beyond the source. PMID 23570087

Evidence row 488
THC studied for Appetite and metabolic outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: appetite or metabolic outc... PMID 23570087
Evidence row 497
THC studied for Appetite and metabolic outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: appetite or metabolic outcomes). PMID 31595793

CB1

10 research sources 10 rows (808-858) Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (6), mechanistic or pharmacological (4)

THC appears in rows about CB1 mechanisms. It currently draws from 10 research source(s), and mechanistic evidence should stay separate from human-outcome evidence. PMID 16596770

Read this bucket as mechanism or pharmacology context. Mechanisms can make the biology easier to understand, but they are not the same thing as a demonstrated effect in people. PMID 16596770

Evidence row 808
THC modulates CB1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mech... PMID 16596770
Evidence row 858
THC modulates CB1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: CB1 neurobehavioral, appetite, metab... PMID 31165913

Cognition and memory

10 research sources 10 rows (461-470) Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (6), mechanistic or pharmacological (1), preliminary human (3)

Read this bucket as closer to a real-world question, then check the study population, dose, product, comparator, and endpoint before generalizing beyond the source. PMID 26912385

Evidence row 461
THC studied for Cognition and memory; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: cognition or memory outcomes). PMID 26912385
Evidence row 470
THC studied for Cognition and memory; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: cognition or memory outcomes). PMID 30199388

Sleep

10 research sources 10 rows (498-507) Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (6), preliminary human (4)

THC appears in rows studying Sleep. It currently draws from 10 research source(s), so the population, dose, route, and endpoint should be checked before reading across contexts. PMID 40186931

Read this bucket as closer to a real-world question, then check the study population, dose, product, comparator, and endpoint before generalizing beyond the source. PMID 40186931

Evidence row 498
THC studied for Sleep; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes). PMID 40186931
Evidence row 507
THC studied for Sleep; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes). PMID 32603954

Cardiovascular risk

9 research sources 9 rows (443-451) Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (7), preliminary human (2)

THC appears in rows studying Cardiovascular risk. It currently draws from 9 research source(s), so the population, dose, route, and endpoint should be checked before reading across contexts. PMID 12412838

Evidence row 443
THC studied for Cardiovascular risk; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: cardiovascular risk outcomes). PMID 12412838
Evidence row 451
THC studied for Cardiovascular risk; evidence class: preliminary human (outcome measure: cardiovascular risk outcomes). PMID 42131827

Dependence and withdrawal

9 research sources 9 rows (452-460) Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (9)

THC appears in rows studying Dependence and withdrawal. It currently draws from 9 research source(s), so the population, dose, route, and endpoint should be checked before reading across contexts. PMID 41025421

Read this bucket as an uncertainty marker. The source trail exists, but the current evidence posture is not strong enough for a broad plain-English conclusion. PMID 41025421

Evidence row 452
THC studied for Dependence and withdrawal; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: dependence o... PMID 41025421
Evidence row 460
THC studied for Dependence and withdrawal; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: dependence or withdrawal outcomes). PMID 36434879

Human evidence, mechanisms, and safety are different lanes

This page currently separates human evidence (16 row(s)), mechanistic evidence (27 row(s)), and safety/tolerability context (18 row(s)). That separation is the heart of the site. Mechanistic evidence can make a topic biologically interesting, but it should not silently become a human outcome. PMID 31647377

Human evidence still depends on population, dose, route, duration, product identity, and endpoint. Safety rows belong in the same reading path as benefit-oriented rows because formulation, co-exposures, prescription medications, impairment context, and higher-risk populations can change how close a source is to a reader's question. PMID 17828291

What this does and does not mean

It means the page has a traceable source trail. It does not mean every bucket has the same clinical strength. PMID 40589083
It means mechanisms, animal models, human studies, safety rows, and insufficient-evidence rows are being kept visible as separate evidence types. PMID 39903192
It does not turn a preclinical mechanism into a consumer recommendation, and it does not treat one product, dose, route, or population as interchangeable with another. PMID 38469628

How to use the source table

The source-backed evidence table below is the audit trail. Each row keeps a public sentence connected to a source record when a PubMed ID or DOI is available. If a sentence feels important, the reader should be able to click through, inspect the study type, and decide whether the source is close to the question they care about. PMID 31647377

This is why the public page is intentionally layered. The top gives the reader a fast orientation. The bucket table groups repeated rows into readable topics. The article body explains the buckets using the actual evidence-row language. The source notes below walk through every evidence row before the source table repeats the technical trace. PMID 17828291

Source-reading checklist for THC

Open the linked PubMed or DOI record. PMID 28847562
Check whether the source studied humans, animals, cells, chemistry, pharmacology, product testing, or a review of prior literature. PMID 35662548
Compare the source product, dose, route, population, and endpoint to the question being asked. PMID 34021274
Look for safety, tolerability, drug-interaction, impairment, pregnancy, pediatric, psychiatric, cardiovascular, and product-quality context before treating the bucket as settled. PMID 38627667
Return to the evidence table when the article summary sounds too broad; the row is the audit unit. PMID 36257598

Source Notes

THC source-by-source reading notes

These notes pull every evidence row on this page into the readable article body before the source table repeats the audit trail. Each note keeps the row language beside the PubMed or DOI link when available.

Evidence row 25
THC associated with driving impairment or safety-relevant performance outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: driving impairment or performance outcomes). PMID 33497784
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: Determining the magnitude and duration of acute Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC)-induced driving and cognitive impairment: A systematic and meta-analytic review.
Evidence row 26
THC associated with driving impairment or safety-relevant performance outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: driving impairment or performance outcomes). PMID 33839427
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabis and driving ability.
Evidence row 27
THC associated with driving impairment or safety-relevant performance outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: driving impairment or performance outcomes). PMID 40172477
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Association of driving with blood delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol: a systematic review.
Evidence row 53
THC associated with driving impairment or safety-relevant performance outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: driving impairment or performance outcomes). PMID 41025421
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: Pharmacotherapies for cannabis use disorder.
Evidence row 54
THC associated with driving impairment or safety-relevant performance outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: driving impairment or performance outcomes). PMID 34634690
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Mechanisms of cannabis impairment: Implications for modeling driving performance.
Evidence row 55
THC associated with driving impairment or safety-relevant performance outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: driving impairment or performance outcomes). PMID 33093741
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Prescribing medicinal cannabis.
Evidence row 56
THC associated with driving impairment or safety-relevant performance outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: driving impairment or performance outcomes). PMID 32399568
Evidence class: insufficient. Source: Driving Impairment Cases Involving Etizolam and Flubromazolam.
Evidence row 99
THC studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts). PMID 40164212
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: High Stakes: Exploring the Impact of Cannabis Use in Pregnancy and Lactation.
Evidence row 101
THC studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts). PMID 40589083
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Risks of Cannabinoid Exposure on Birth Outcomes: A Systematic Review.
Evidence row 103
THC studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts). PMID 39903192
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Effects of maternal edible THC consumption on offspring lung growth and function in a rhesus macaque model.
Evidence row 106
THC studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts). PMID 38469628
Evidence class: insufficient. Source: Association of Cannabis with Apneic Episodes in a Breastfed Infant: A Case Study.
Evidence row 177
THC studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts). PMID 28847562
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabis use during pregnancy: Pharmacokinetics and effects on child development.
Evidence row 178
THC studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts). PMID 35662548
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Impact of cannabinoids on pregnancy, reproductive health, and offspring outcomes.
Evidence row 179
THC studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts). PMID 34021274
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabis and synaptic reprogramming of the developing brain.
Evidence row 183
THC studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts). PMID 38627667
Evidence class: preliminary human. Source: Development and validation of the Cannabis Exposure in Pregnancy Tool (CEPT): a mixed methods study.
Evidence row 201
THC studied for receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms). PMID 36257598
Evidence class: insufficient. Source: Development and Validation of a GC-FID Method for the Quantitation of 20 Different Acidic and Neutral Cannabinoids.
Evidence row 204
THC modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms). PMID 17828291
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: The diverse CB1 and CB2 receptor pharmacology of three plant cannabinoids: delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and delta9-tetrahydrocannabivarin.
Evidence row 205
THC modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms). PMID 25220897
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Synthetic cannabinoids: epidemiology, pharmacodynamics, and clinical implications.
Evidence row 213
THC modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: preclinical (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms). PMID 30550613
Evidence class: preclinical; Study design: Animal study. Source: Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol Differentially Regulate Intraocular Pressure.
Evidence row 214
THC modulates TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms). PMID 30697147
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoid Ligands Targeting TRP Channels.
Evidence row 218
THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 31647377
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabis Use and the Risk for Psychosis and Affective Disorders.
Evidence row 221
THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 39547825
Evidence class: preliminary human. Source: The contribution of addictovigilance data to the French medical cannabis experimentation.
Evidence row 228
THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 41025421
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: Pharmacotherapies for cannabis use disorder.
Evidence row 229
THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 34791767
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Clinical management of cannabis withdrawal.
Evidence row 230
THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 35510826
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Cannabis and cannabinoids for symptomatic treatment for people with multiple sclerosis.
Evidence row 231
THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 40186931
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: The differential effects of medicinal cannabis on mental health: A systematic review.
Evidence row 233
THC studied for Cannabinoids and nausea/vomiting research outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: Cannabinoids and nausea/vomiting research outcomes). PMID 39151115
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Oral Cannabis Extract for Secondary Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Final Results of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase II/III Trial.
Evidence row 245
THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 41324909
Evidence class: insufficient. Source: Brands of Intoxicating Cannabis Products in Vape Shops: United States, 2023.
Evidence row 249
THC studied for Rare phytocannabinoids research topics; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: Rare phytocannabinoids research topics). PMID 35648593
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Synthetic Strategies for Rare Cannabinoids Derived from Cannabis sativa.
Evidence row 250
THC studied for Rare phytocannabinoids research topics; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: Rare phytocannabinoids research topics). PMID 36770831
Evidence class: insufficient. Source: Chiral Separation of Cannabichromene, Cannabicyclol, and Their Acidic Analogs on Polysaccharide Chiral Stationary Phases.
Evidence row 252
THC studied for Rare phytocannabinoids research topics; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; outcome measure: Rare phytocannabinoids research topics). PMID 38940871
Evidence class: insufficient. Source: A new HPLC method with multiple detection systems for impurity analysis and discrimination of natural versus synthetic cannabidiol.
Evidence row 269
THC studied for Cannabinoids and immune modulation research outcomes; evidence class: preclinical (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: Cannabinoids and immune modulation research outcomes). PMID 36746342
Evidence class: preclinical; Study design: Animal study. Source: Maternal immune activation impairs endocannabinoid signaling in the mesolimbic system of adolescent male offspring.
Evidence row 273
THC studied for Cannabinoids and immune modulation research outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: Cannabinoids and immune modulation research outcomes). PMID 12648025
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cannabinoids.
Evidence row 277
THC studied for receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms). PMID 37083031
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Cellular or in vitro study. Source: Antiviral activities of hemp cannabinoids.
Evidence row 278
THC studied for receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms). PMID 38162115
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Cannabigerolic Acid (CBGA) Inhibits the TRPM7 Ion Channel Through its Kinase Domain.
Evidence row 285
THC studied for receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms). PMID 37708768
Evidence class: insufficient. Source: Bidimensional heart-cut achiral-chiral liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry for the separation of the main chiral phytocannabinoids and enantiomerization studies of cannabichromene and cannabichromenic acid.
Evidence row 287
THC studied for receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms). PMID 35566314
Evidence class: insufficient. Source: Direct Quantitation of Phytocannabinoids by One-Dimensional 1H qNMR and Two-Dimensional 1H-1H COSY qNMR in Complex Natural Mixtures.
Evidence row 288
THC studied for Endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like lipids research topics; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: Endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like lipids research topics). PMID 26698193
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: An Introduction to the Endogenous Cannabinoid System.
Evidence row 289
THC studied for Endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like lipids research topics; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: Endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like lipids research topics). PMID 26271952
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: The Endocannabinoid System and its Modulation by Phytocannabinoids.
Evidence row 293
THC studied for Endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like lipids research topics; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: Endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like lipids research topics). PMID 19833407
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoid activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: potential for modulation of inflammatory disease.
Evidence row 294
THC studied for Endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like lipids research topics; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: Endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like lipids research topics). PMID 17704824
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoids go nuclear: evidence for activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors.
Evidence row 303
THC modulates endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms). PMID 20047159
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: FAAH and MAGL inhibitors: therapeutic opportunities from regulating endocannabinoid levels.
Evidence row 309
THC modulates endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms). PMID 39747798
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Chemical Probes for Investigating the Endocannabinoid System.
Evidence row 311
THC modulates endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; outcome measure: endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms). PMID 32829065
Evidence class: preliminary human. Source: Impact of tetrahydrocannabinol on the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol metabolism: ABHD6 and ABHD12 as novel players in human placenta.
Evidence row 316
THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 12412838
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cardiovascular consequences of marijuana use.
Evidence row 317
THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 39575727
Evidence class: insufficient. Source: Acute Effects of Cannabis Inhalation on Arterial Stiffness, Vascular Endothelial Function, and Cardiac Function.
Evidence row 322
THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 33536055
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Cannabinoid treatment for autism: a proof-of-concept randomized trial.
Evidence row 325
THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 38940871
Evidence class: insufficient. Source: A new HPLC method with multiple detection systems for impurity analysis and discrimination of natural versus synthetic cannabidiol.
Evidence row 326
THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 36848540
Evidence class: insufficient. Source: Statewide Variation in Cannabinoid Regulations.
Evidence row 329
THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 32144889
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cautious Hope for Cannabidiol (CBD) in Rheumatology Care.
Evidence row 332
THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 40454463
Evidence class: insufficient. Source: Cannabidiol Gummy Products: LC-MS/MS Assessment of Cannabinoid Concentrations.
Evidence row 333
THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 40250991
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Acid-Catalyzed Conversion of Cannabidiol to Tetrahydrocannabinols: En Route to Demystifying Manufacturing Processes and Controlling the Reaction Outcomes.
Evidence row 334
THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 31559335
Evidence class: preliminary human. Source: Potency Analysis of Medical Marijuana Products from New York State.
Evidence row 351
THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 41262681
Evidence class: preliminary human. Source: Derivation of a health-based guidance value for Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC) and its occurrence in food.
Evidence row 357
THC modulates TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms). PMID 26698193
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: An Introduction to the Endogenous Cannabinoid System.
Evidence row 359
THC modulates TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms). PMID 33168643
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: The Pharmacological Case for Cannabigerol.
Evidence row 362
THC modulates TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms). PMID 34259916
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoids in the landscape of cancer.
Evidence row 363
THC modulates TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms). PMID 18354058
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Animal study. Source: Plant-derived cannabinoids modulate the activity of transient receptor potential channels of ankyrin type-1 and melastatin type-8.
Evidence row 364
THC modulates TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms). PMID 21175579
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Effects of cannabinoids and cannabinoid-enriched Cannabis extracts on TRP channels and endocannabinoid metabolic enzymes.
Evidence row 375
THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 30687936
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence.
Evidence row 377
THC studied for Cannabinoids and nausea/vomiting research outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: Cannabinoids and nausea/vomiting research outcomes). PMID 21175589
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Regulation of nausea and vomiting by cannabinoids.
Evidence row 378
THC studied for Cannabinoids and nausea/vomiting research outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: Cannabinoids and nausea/vomiting research outcomes). PMID 30720344
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoids: the lows and the highs of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
Evidence row 379
THC studied for Cannabinoids and nausea/vomiting research outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: Cannabinoids and nausea/vomiting research outcomes). PMID 27507945
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoids As Potential Treatment for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting.
Evidence row 434
THC studied for Psychiatric risk; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: psychiatric risk outcomes). PMID 41296368
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Therapeutic Use of Cannabis and Cannabinoids: A Review.
Evidence row 435
THC studied for Psychiatric risk; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: psychiatric risk outcomes). PMID 39541799
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Therapeutic potential of minor cannabinoids in psychiatric disorders: A systematic review.
Evidence row 436
THC studied for Psychiatric risk; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: psychiatric risk outcomes). PMID 31647377
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabis Use and the Risk for Psychosis and Affective Disorders.
Evidence row 437
THC studied for Psychiatric risk; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: psychiatric risk outcomes). PMID 39299947
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabis, cannabinoids and health: a review of evidence on risks and medical benefits.
Evidence row 438
THC studied for Psychiatric risk; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: psychiatric risk outcomes). PMID 41801216
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabis and Mental Health: A Review.
Evidence row 439
THC studied for Psychiatric risk; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: psychiatric risk outcomes). PMID 35901795
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Association of cannabis potency with mental ill health and addiction: a systematic review.
Evidence row 440
THC studied for Psychiatric risk; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: psychiatric risk outcomes). PMID 33228239
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabidiol: A Potential New Alternative for the Treatment of Anxiety, Depression, and Psychotic Disorders.
Evidence row 441
THC studied for Psychiatric risk; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: psychiatric risk outcomes). PMID 40854216
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: High-Concentration Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Cannabis Products and Mental Health Outcomes : A Systematic Review.
Evidence row 442
THC studied for Psychiatric risk; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: psychiatric risk outcomes). PMID 31672337
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: Cannabinoids for the treatment of mental disorders and symptoms of mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Evidence row 443
THC studied for Cardiovascular risk; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: cardiovascular risk outcomes). PMID 12412838
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cardiovascular consequences of marijuana use.
Evidence row 444
THC studied for Cardiovascular risk; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: cardiovascular risk outcomes). PMID 39575727
Evidence class: insufficient. Source: Acute Effects of Cannabis Inhalation on Arterial Stiffness, Vascular Endothelial Function, and Cardiac Function.
Evidence row 445
THC studied for Cardiovascular risk; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: cardiovascular risk outcomes). PMID 12412837
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cardiovascular system effects of marijuana.
Evidence row 446
THC studied for Cardiovascular risk; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: cardiovascular risk outcomes). PMID 39331072
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoids and the heart-a psychiatrist's perspective.
Evidence row 447
THC studied for Cardiovascular risk; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: cardiovascular risk outcomes). PMID 41115058
Evidence class: insufficient. Source: The acute cardiovascular response to dynamic exercise and recovery following cannabis use.
Evidence row 448
THC studied for Cardiovascular risk; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: cardiovascular risk outcomes). PMID 22503477
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: At the heart of the matter: the endocannabinoid system in cardiovascular function and dysfunction.
Evidence row 449
THC studied for Cardiovascular risk; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: cardiovascular risk outcomes). PMID 29385080
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the In Vivo Haemodynamic Effects of Δ⁸-Tetrahydrocannabinol.
Evidence row 450
THC studied for Cardiovascular risk; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: cardiovascular risk outcomes). PMID 2162543
Evidence class: preliminary human. Source: The effects of combinations of intranasal cocaine, smoked marijuana, and task performance on heart rate and blood pressure.
Evidence row 451
THC studied for Cardiovascular risk; evidence class: preliminary human (outcome measure: cardiovascular risk outcomes). PMID 42131827
Evidence class: preliminary human. Source: Cumulative Effects of Cannabis Oils on Body Temperature, Electrocardiography, Heart Rate Variability, Blood Pressure, and Respiratory Function in Telemetered Dogs.
Evidence row 452
THC studied for Dependence and withdrawal; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: dependence or withdrawal outcomes). PMID 41025421
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: Pharmacotherapies for cannabis use disorder.
Evidence row 453
THC studied for Dependence and withdrawal; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: dependence or withdrawal outcomes). PMID 34791767
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Clinical management of cannabis withdrawal.
Evidence row 454
THC studied for Dependence and withdrawal; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: dependence or withdrawal outcomes). PMID 35510826
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Cannabis and cannabinoids for symptomatic treatment for people with multiple sclerosis.
Evidence row 455
THC studied for Dependence and withdrawal; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: dependence or withdrawal outcomes). PMID 40186931
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: The differential effects of medicinal cannabis on mental health: A systematic review.
Evidence row 456
THC studied for Dependence and withdrawal; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: dependence or withdrawal outcomes). PMID 30687936
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence.
Evidence row 457
THC studied for Dependence and withdrawal; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: dependence or withdrawal outcomes). PMID 19367504
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Actions of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in cannabis: relation to use, abuse, dependence.
Evidence row 458
THC studied for Dependence and withdrawal; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: dependence or withdrawal outcomes). PMID 39134752
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: [Cannabis use and cannabis use disorders].
Evidence row 459
THC studied for Dependence and withdrawal; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: dependence or withdrawal outcomes). PMID 25515775
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence.
Evidence row 460
THC studied for Dependence and withdrawal; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: dependence or withdrawal outcomes). PMID 36434879
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Alleviation of opioid withdrawal by cannabis and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol: A systematic review of observational and experimental human studies.
Evidence row 461
THC studied for Cognition and memory; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: cognition or memory outcomes). PMID 26912385
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoids: Medical implications.
Evidence row 462
THC studied for Cognition and memory; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: cognition or memory outcomes). PMID 32386395
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) impairs visual working memory performance: a randomized crossover trial.
Evidence row 463
THC studied for Cognition and memory; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: cognition or memory outcomes). PMID 31407943
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Developing a phone-based measure of impairment after acute oral ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol.
Evidence row 464
THC studied for Cognition and memory; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: cognition or memory outcomes). PMID 33526107
Evidence class: insufficient. Source: Acute effects of naturalistic THC vs. CBD use on recognition memory: a preliminary study.
Evidence row 465
THC studied for Cognition and memory; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (outcome measure: cognition or memory outcomes). PMID 24639045
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological. Source: Acute administration of THC impairs spatial but not associative memory function in zebrafish.
Evidence row 466
THC studied for Cognition and memory; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: cognition or memory outcomes). PMID 40368229
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Effects of different methods of cannabis use on cognition and blood THC: A systematic review.
Evidence row 467
THC studied for Cognition and memory; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: cognition or memory outcomes). PMID 32381378
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: [Cannabis: Similarities and differences with tobacco].
Evidence row 468
THC studied for Cognition and memory; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: cognition or memory outcomes). PMID 40734690
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: The Individual and Interactive Effects of Alpha-Pinene and Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Healthy Adults.
Evidence row 469
THC studied for Cognition and memory; evidence class: preliminary human (study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: cognition or memory outcomes). PMID 12373420
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Cognitive and subjective dose-response effects of acute oral Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in infrequent cannabis users.
Evidence row 470
THC studied for Cognition and memory; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: cognition or memory outcomes). PMID 30199388
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: The acute effects of cannabis on human executive function.
Evidence row 471
THC studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes). PMID 41296368
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Therapeutic Use of Cannabis and Cannabinoids: A Review.
Evidence row 472
THC studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes). PMID 35982439
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: Medical cannabinoids: a pharmacology-based systematic review and meta-analysis for all relevant medical indications.
Evidence row 473
THC studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes). PMID 41429020
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Cannabis-Based Products for Chronic Pain : An Updated Systematic Review.
Evidence row 474
THC studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes). PMID 33118602
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Ingestion of a THC-Rich Cannabis Oil in People with Fibromyalgia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.
Evidence row 475
THC studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes). PMID 31332738
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Pharmacology of Medical Cannabis.
Evidence row 476
THC studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes). PMID 37283486
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: Cannabis-based medicines and medical cannabis for adults with cancer pain.
Evidence row 477
THC studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes). PMID 35667066
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Cannabis-Based Products for Chronic Pain : A Systematic Review.
Evidence row 478
THC studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes). PMID 29307505
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Practical considerations in medical cannabis administration and dosing.
Evidence row 479
THC studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes). PMID 34802112
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabis-Based Medicines and Medical Cannabis for Chronic Neuropathic Pain.
Evidence row 480
THC studied for Nausea and vomiting; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: nausea, vomiting, or antiemetic outcomes). PMID 41296368
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Therapeutic Use of Cannabis and Cannabinoids: A Review.
Evidence row 481
THC studied for Nausea and vomiting; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: nausea, vomiting, or antiemetic outcomes). PMID 35982439
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: Medical cannabinoids: a pharmacology-based systematic review and meta-analysis for all relevant medical indications.
Evidence row 482
THC studied for Nausea and vomiting; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: nausea, vomiting, or antiemetic outcomes). PMID 39151115
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Oral Cannabis Extract for Secondary Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Final Results of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase II/III Trial.
Evidence row 483
THC studied for Nausea and vomiting; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: nausea, vomiting, or antiemetic outcomes). PMID 39299947
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabis, cannabinoids and health: a review of evidence on risks and medical benefits.
Evidence row 484
THC studied for Nausea and vomiting; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: nausea, vomiting, or antiemetic outcomes). PMID 35328765
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoids: Therapeutic Use in Clinical Practice.
Evidence row 485
THC studied for Nausea and vomiting; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: nausea, vomiting, or antiemetic outcomes). PMID 27274310
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Dronabinol for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting unresponsive to antiemetics.
Evidence row 486
THC studied for Nausea and vomiting; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: nausea, vomiting, or antiemetic outcomes). PMID 33974499
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: The Risk of QTc Prolongation with Antiemetics in the Palliative Care Setting: A Narrative Review.
Evidence row 487
THC studied for Nausea and vomiting; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: nausea, vomiting, or antiemetic outcomes). PMID 18391612
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
Evidence row 488
THC studied for Appetite and metabolic outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: appetite or metabolic outcomes). PMID 23570087
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: [Dronabinol (delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol) in long-term treatment. Symptom control in patients with multiple sclerosis and spasticity, neuropathic pain, loss of appetite and cachexia].
Evidence row 489
THC studied for Appetite and metabolic outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: appetite or metabolic outcomes). PMID 10575285
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cancer cachexia and cannabinoids.
Evidence row 490
THC studied for Appetite and metabolic outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: appetite or metabolic outcomes). PMID 12608509
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Orexigenic and anabolic agents.
Evidence row 491
THC studied for Appetite and metabolic outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: appetite or metabolic outcomes). PMID 29670357
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Dronabinol oral solution in the management of anorexia and weight loss in AIDS and cancer.
Evidence row 492
THC studied for Appetite and metabolic outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: appetite or metabolic outcomes). PMID 16849753
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Comparison of orally administered cannabis extract and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in treating patients with cancer-related anorexia-cachexia syndrome: a multicenter, phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial from the Cannabis-In-Cachexia-Study-Group.
Evidence row 493
THC studied for Appetite and metabolic outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: appetite or metabolic outcomes). PMID 29400010
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: Systematic review and meta-analysis of cannabinoids in palliative medicine.
Evidence row 494
THC studied for Appetite and metabolic outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: appetite or metabolic outcomes). PMID 26929669
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Clinical utility of dronabinol in the treatment of weight loss associated with HIV and AIDS.
Evidence row 495
THC studied for Appetite and metabolic outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: appetite or metabolic outcomes). PMID 15050664
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Systematic review of megestrol acetate in the treatment of anorexia-cachexia syndrome.
Evidence row 496
THC studied for Appetite and metabolic outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: appetite or metabolic outcomes). PMID 9208884
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: The cancer cachexia syndrome.
Evidence row 497
THC studied for Appetite and metabolic outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: appetite or metabolic outcomes). PMID 31595793
Evidence class: preliminary human. Source: The Effects of Dosage-Controlled Cannabis Capsules on Cancer-Related Cachexia and Anorexia Syndrome in Advanced Cancer Patients: Pilot Study.
Evidence row 498
THC studied for Sleep; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes). PMID 40186931
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: The differential effects of medicinal cannabis on mental health: A systematic review.
Evidence row 499
THC studied for Sleep; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes). PMID 36539991
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Medicinal cannabis improves sleep in adults with insomnia: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study.
Evidence row 500
THC studied for Sleep; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes). PMID 40631525
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Acute Effects of Oral Cannabinoids on Sleep and High-Density EEG in Insomnia: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial.
Evidence row 501
THC studied for Sleep; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes). PMID 31161270
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Should Oncologists Recommend Cannabis?
Evidence row 502
THC studied for Sleep; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes). PMID 36107800
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Cannabis dosing and administration for sleep: a systematic review.
Evidence row 503
THC studied for Sleep; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes). PMID 32430450
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Cannabidiol (CBD) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) for chronic insomnia disorder ('CANSLEEP' trial): protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, proof-of-concept trial.
Evidence row 504
THC studied for Sleep; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes). PMID 33244728
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: Cannabinoids in the Treatment of Insomnia Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Evidence row 505
THC studied for Sleep; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes). PMID 33215831
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Cannabis: are there any benefits?
Evidence row 506
THC studied for Sleep; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes). PMID 36149724
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Use of Cannabidiol in the Management of Insomnia: A Systematic Review.
Evidence row 507
THC studied for Sleep; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes). PMID 32603954
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Cannabinoid therapies in the management of sleep disorders: A systematic review of preclinical and clinical studies.
Evidence row 808
THC modulates CB1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 16596770
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Pharmacological actions of cannabinoids.
Evidence row 810
THC modulates CB1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 35489334
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Cannabinoid receptor 1 antagonist genistein attenuates marijuana-induced vascular inflammation.
Evidence row 816
THC modulates CB1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 38830102
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Structure-based identification of a G protein-biased allosteric modulator of cannabinoid receptor CB1.
Evidence row 822
THC modulates CB1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 22343625
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Cellular or in vitro study. Source: Allosteric modulator ORG27569 induces CB1 cannabinoid receptor high affinity agonist binding state, receptor internalization, and Gi protein-independent ERK1/2 kinase activation.
Evidence row 825
THC modulates CB1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 31968549
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Allosteric Cannabinoid Receptor 1 (CB1) Ligands Reduce Ocular Pain and Inflammation.
Evidence row 832
THC modulates CB1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 26132518
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Synthetic Cannabinoids.
Evidence row 837
THC modulates CB1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 33811300
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Pharmacology and adverse effects of new psychoactive substances: synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists.
Evidence row 843
THC modulates CB1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB1 neurobehavioral, appetite, metabolic, pain, cognition, or synaptic mechanisms). PMID 27086601
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Endocannabinoid System: A Multi-Facet Therapeutic Target.
Evidence row 848
THC modulates CB1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB1 neurobehavioral, appetite, metabolic, pain, cognition, or synaptic mechanisms). PMID 19285266
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Central side-effects of therapies based on CB1 cannabinoid receptor agonists and antagonists: focus on anxiety and depression.
Evidence row 858
THC modulates CB1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: CB1 neurobehavioral, appetite, metabolic, pain, cognition, or synaptic mechanisms). PMID 31165913
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: The effects of cannabinoid 1 receptor compounds on memory: a meta-analysis and systematic review across species.
Evidence row 863
THC modulates CB2; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 17828291
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: The diverse CB1 and CB2 receptor pharmacology of three plant cannabinoids: delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and delta9-tetrahydrocannabivarin.
Evidence row 866
THC modulates CB2; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 26698193
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: An Introduction to the Endogenous Cannabinoid System.
Evidence row 867
THC modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 31368508
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Cellular or in vitro study. Source: Cannabichromene is a cannabinoid CB2 receptor agonist.
Evidence row 870
THC modulates CB2; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 33811300
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Pharmacology and adverse effects of new psychoactive substances: synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists.
Evidence row 871
THC modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 40271066
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological. Source: A universal cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptor TR-FRET kinetic ligand-binding assay.
Evidence row 874
THC modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 26124120
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: CB2 cannabinoid receptor agonist enantiomers HU-433 and HU-308: An inverse relationship between binding affinity and biological potency.
Evidence row 887
THC modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 20849866
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological. Source: The CB2 cannabinoid receptor-selective agonist O-3223 reduces pain and inflammation without apparent cannabinoid behavioral effects.
Evidence row 893
THC modulates CB2; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 29980914
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists as New Psychoactive Substances: Origins.
Evidence row 907
THC modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms). PMID 26824325
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Up-regulation of immunomodulatory effects of mouse bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells by tetrahydrocannabinol pre-treatment involving cannabinoid receptor CB2.
Evidence row 913
THC modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms). PMID 36583304
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Cannabidiol-rich non-psychotropic Cannabis sativa L. oils attenuate peripheral neuropathy symptoms by regulation of CB2-mediated microglial neuroinflammation.
Evidence row 922
THC modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms). PMID 18247131
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: The cannabinoid delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol mediates inhibition of macrophage chemotaxis to RANTES/CCL5: linkage to the CB2 receptor.
Evidence row 927
THC modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 34259916
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoids in the landscape of cancer.
Evidence row 938
THC modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 17876300
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: GPR55: a new member of the cannabinoid receptor clan?
Evidence row 939
THC modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 20298715
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Pharmacological characterization of GPR55, a putative cannabinoid receptor.
Evidence row 946
THC modulates GPR18; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 32365486
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Cellular or in vitro study. Source: Computational Investigations on the Binding Mode of Ligands for the Cannabinoid-Activated G Protein-Coupled Receptor GPR18.
Evidence row 949
THC modulates GPR18; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 29902723
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Cellular or in vitro study. Source: Structure-activity relationships of imidazothiazinones and analogs as antagonists of the cannabinoid-activated orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR18.
Evidence row 950
THC modulates GPR18; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 24762058
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Cellular or in vitro study. Source: Activation of GPR18 by cannabinoid compounds: a tale of biased agonism.
Evidence row 957
THC modulates GPR18; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 21595653
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Cellular or in vitro study. Source: Δ(9) -Tetrahydrocannabinol and N-arachidonyl glycine are full agonists at GPR18 receptors and induce migration in human endometrial HEC-1B cells.
Evidence row 971
THC modulates TRPV1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 30697147
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoid Ligands Targeting TRP Channels.
Evidence row 972
THC modulates TRPV1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 34259916
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoids in the landscape of cancer.
Evidence row 973
THC modulates TRPV1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 16596770
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Pharmacological actions of cannabinoids.
Evidence row 976
THC modulates TRPV1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 21309120
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoids and anxiety.
Evidence row 984
THC modulates TRPV1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 31839498
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Exploiting cannabinoid and vanilloid mechanisms for epilepsy treatment.
Evidence row 985
THC modulates TRPV1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 30194563
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabis for the Treatment of Epilepsy: an Update.
Evidence row 986
THC modulates TRPV1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 32091020
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabis and the exocannabinoid and endocannabinoid systems. Their use and controversies.
Evidence row 988
THC modulates TRPV1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 31695229
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabis y los sistemas exocannabinoide y endocannabinoide. Su uso y controversias.
Evidence row 989
THC modulates TRPV2; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV2 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 30697147
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoid Ligands Targeting TRP Channels.
Evidence row 990
THC modulates TRPV2; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV2 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 34259916
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoids in the landscape of cancer.
Evidence row 995
THC modulates TRPV2; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: TRPV2 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 33089780
Evidence class: insufficient. Source: Cannabidiol interactions with voltage-gated sodium channels.
Evidence row 996
THC modulates TRPV2; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: TRPV2 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 29240420
Evidence class: insufficient. Source: Iodine-Promoted Aromatization of p-Menthane-Type Phytocannabinoids.
Evidence row 999
THC modulates TRPV2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPV2 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 36292998
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: The Protective Effect of CBD in a Model of In Vitro Ischemia May Be Mediated by Agonism on TRPV2 Channel and Microglia Activation.
Evidence row 1004
THC modulates TRPV3; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV3 channel activity, binding, signaling, dermatology-relevant mechanism, or pharmacology). PMID 30697147
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoid Ligands Targeting TRP Channels.
Evidence row 1008
THC modulates TRPV3; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPV3 channel activity, binding, signaling, dermatology-relevant mechanism, or pharmacology). PMID 21726418
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Cannabinoid actions at TRPV channels: effects on TRPV3 and TRPV4 and their potential relevance to gastrointestinal inflammation.
Evidence row 1015
THC modulates TRPV3; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (outcome measure: TRPV3 channel activity, binding, signaling, dermatology-relevant mechanism, or pharmacology). PMID 40141324
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological. Source: The Impact of a Quinone Scaffold on Thermo-TRPs Modulation by Dimethylheptyl Phytocannabinoids.
Evidence row 1016
THC modulates TRPV4; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV4 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 30697147
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoid Ligands Targeting TRP Channels.
Evidence row 1019
THC modulates TRPV4; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPV4 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 21726418
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Cannabinoid actions at TRPV channels: effects on TRPV3 and TRPV4 and their potential relevance to gastrointestinal inflammation.
Evidence row 1030
THC modulates TRPA1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPA1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 30697147
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoid Ligands Targeting TRP Channels.
Evidence row 1032
THC modulates TRPA1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPA1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 34259916
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoids in the landscape of cancer.
Evidence row 1033
THC modulates TRPA1; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: TRPA1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 29240420
Evidence class: insufficient. Source: Iodine-Promoted Aromatization of p-Menthane-Type Phytocannabinoids.
Evidence row 1037
THC modulates TRPA1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: TRPA1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 39368566
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological. Source: Identification of the TRPA1 cannabinoid-binding site.
Evidence row 1039
THC modulates TRPA1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPA1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 28120232
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Molecular Targets of the Phytocannabinoids: A Complex Picture.
Evidence row 1049
THC modulates TRPM8; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPM8 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 18354058
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Plant-derived cannabinoids modulate the activity of transient receptor potential channels of ankyrin type-1 and melastatin type-8.
Evidence row 1050
THC modulates TRPM8; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPM8 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 21175579
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Effects of cannabinoids and cannabinoid-enriched Cannabis extracts on TRP channels and endocannabinoid metabolic enzymes.
Evidence row 1053
THC modulates TRPM8; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: TRPM8 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 29240420
Evidence class: insufficient. Source: Iodine-Promoted Aromatization of p-Menthane-Type Phytocannabinoids.
Evidence row 1056
THC modulates TRPM8; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPM8 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 28120232
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Molecular Targets of the Phytocannabinoids: A Complex Picture.

Source Trail

Source-backed evidence table and references

156 research sources

This section is the technical source layer under the overview. It keeps grouped evidence buckets, evidence rows, PubMed or DOI links, related pages, and references visible for audit and revision.

Plain-Language Summary

THC has 192 source-backed evidence row(s) from 156 source(s). The current page should separate outcomes, mechanisms, formulation context, and safety signals.

Identity

Canonical name: thc
Type: compound
Subtype: phytocannabinoid
Description: Controlled compound entry for evidence review; claims require sourced support.

Evidence Snapshot

Evidence rows: 192
Sources: 156
Evidence classes: insufficient (143), mechanistic or pharmacological (28), preclinical (2), preliminary human (19)
Draft sections: human evidence (16), mechanistic evidence (27), preclinical evidence (2), safety (18), uncertainty (129)

Key Draft Sections

Human evidence: 16 evidence row(s).
Safety and tolerability: 18 evidence row(s).
Uncertainty and gaps: 129 evidence row(s).
Preclinical evidence: 2 evidence row(s).
Mechanistic evidence: 27 evidence row(s).

Studied Outcomes And Mechanisms

Subject	Relationship	Object Or Focus	Evidence Summary	Sources	Evidence Rows
THC	studied for	Appetite and metabolic outcomes	Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (8), preliminary human (2)	10	10 rows (488-497)
THC	studied for	Cannabinoids and immune modulation research outcomes	Preclinical research summary: insufficient (1), preclinical (1)	2	2 rows (269-273)
THC	studied for	Cannabinoids and nausea/vomiting research outcomes	Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (3), preliminary human (1)	4	4 rows (233-379)
THC	studied for	Cardiovascular risk	Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (7), preliminary human (2)	9	9 rows (443-451)
THC	modulates	CB1	Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (6), mechanistic or pharmacological (4)	10	10 rows (808-858)
THC	modulates	CB2	Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (4), mechanistic or pharmacological (7)	11	11 rows (863-922)
THC	studied for	Cognition and memory	Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (6), mechanistic or pharmacological (1), preliminary human (3)	10	10 rows (461-470)
THC	studied for	Dependence and withdrawal	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (9)	9	9 rows (452-460)
THC	associated with	driving impairment or safety-relevant performance outcomes	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (7)	7	7 rows (25-56)
THC	modulates	endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms	Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (2), preliminary human (1)	3	3 rows (303-311)
THC	studied for	Endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like lipids research topics	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (4)	4	4 rows (288-294)
THC	modulates	GPR18	Mechanistic research summary: mechanistic or pharmacological (4)	4	4 rows (946-957)
THC	modulates	GPR55	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (3)	3	3 rows (927-939)
THC	studied for	Nausea and vomiting	Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (7), preliminary human (1)	8	8 rows (480-487)
THC	studied for	Pain-related outcomes	Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (8), preliminary human (1)	9	9 rows (471-479)
THC	studied for	pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts	Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (6), mechanistic or pharmacological (1), preliminary human (1)	8	8 rows (99-183)
THC	studied for	Psychiatric risk	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (9)	9	9 rows (434-442)
THC	studied for	Rare phytocannabinoids research topics	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (3)	3	3 rows (249-252)
THC	studied for	receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms	Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (3), mechanistic or pharmacological (2)	5	5 rows (201-287)
THC	modulates	receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms	Preclinical research summary: insufficient (2), preclinical (1)	3	3 rows (204-213)
THC	studied for	safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns	Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (14), mechanistic or pharmacological (1), preliminary human (3)	18	18 rows (218-375)
THC	studied for	Sleep	Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (6), preliminary human (4)	10	10 rows (498-507)
THC	modulates	TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms	Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (5), mechanistic or pharmacological (1)	6	6 rows (214-364)
THC	modulates	TRPA1	Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (4), mechanistic or pharmacological (1)	5	5 rows (1030-1039)
THC	modulates	TRPM8	Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (2), mechanistic or pharmacological (2)	4	4 rows (1049-1056)
THC	modulates	TRPV1	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (8)	8	8 rows (971-988)
THC	modulates	TRPV2	Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (4), mechanistic or pharmacological (1)	5	5 rows (989-999)
THC	modulates	TRPV3	Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (1), mechanistic or pharmacological (2)	3	3 rows (1004-1015)
THC	modulates	TRPV4	Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (1), mechanistic or pharmacological (1)	2	2 rows (1016-1019)

Source-Backed Evidence Table

Evidence Row	Statement	Source
25	THC associated with driving impairment or safety-relevant performance outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: driving impairment or performance outcomes).	Determining the magnitude and duration of acute Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC)-induced driving and cognitive impairment: A systematic and meta-analytic review.PubMed 33497784 DOI 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.003
26	THC associated with driving impairment or safety-relevant performance outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: driving impairment or performance outcomes).	Cannabis and driving ability.PubMed 33839427 DOI 10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.03.003
27	THC associated with driving impairment or safety-relevant performance outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: driving impairment or performance outcomes).	Association of driving with blood delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol: a systematic review.PubMed 40172477 DOI 10.1093/ijnp/pyaf021
53	THC associated with driving impairment or safety-relevant performance outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: driving impairment or performance outcomes).	Pharmacotherapies for cannabis use disorder.PubMed 41025421 DOI 10.1002/14651858.cd008940.pub4
54	THC associated with driving impairment or safety-relevant performance outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: driving impairment or performance outcomes).	Mechanisms of cannabis impairment: Implications for modeling driving performance.PubMed 34634690 DOI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110902
55	THC associated with driving impairment or safety-relevant performance outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: driving impairment or performance outcomes).	Prescribing medicinal cannabis.PubMed 33093741 DOI 10.18773/austprescr.2020.052
56	THC associated with driving impairment or safety-relevant performance outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: driving impairment or performance outcomes).	Driving Impairment Cases Involving Etizolam and Flubromazolam.PubMed 32399568 DOI 10.1093/jat/bkaa050
99	THC studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts).	High Stakes: Exploring the Impact of Cannabis Use in Pregnancy and Lactation.PubMed 40164212 DOI 10.1542/neo.26-4-006
101	THC studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts).	Risks of Cannabinoid Exposure on Birth Outcomes: A Systematic Review.PubMed 40589083 DOI 10.1089/can.2025.0027
103	THC studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts).	Effects of maternal edible THC consumption on offspring lung growth and function in a rhesus macaque model.PubMed 39903192 DOI 10.1152/ajplung.00360.2024
106	THC studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts).	Association of Cannabis with Apneic Episodes in a Breastfed Infant: A Case Study.PubMed 38469628 DOI 10.1089/bfm.2024.0047
177	THC studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts).	Cannabis use during pregnancy: Pharmacokinetics and effects on child development.PubMed 28847562 DOI 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.08.014
178	THC studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts).	Impact of cannabinoids on pregnancy, reproductive health, and offspring outcomes.PubMed 35662548 DOI 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.05.056
179	THC studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts).	Cannabis and synaptic reprogramming of the developing brain.PubMed 34021274 DOI 10.1038/s41583-021-00465-5
183	THC studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts).	Development and validation of the Cannabis Exposure in Pregnancy Tool (CEPT): a mixed methods study.PubMed 38627667 DOI 10.1186/s12884-024-06485-0
201	THC studied for receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms).	Development and Validation of a GC-FID Method for the Quantitation of 20 Different Acidic and Neutral Cannabinoids.PubMed 36257598 DOI 10.1055/a-1962-8165
204	THC modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms).	The diverse CB1 and CB2 receptor pharmacology of three plant cannabinoids: delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and delta9-tetrahydrocannabivarin.PubMed 17828291 DOI 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707442
205	THC modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms).	Synthetic cannabinoids: epidemiology, pharmacodynamics, and clinical implications.PubMed 25220897 DOI 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.08.005
213	THC modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: preclinical (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms).	Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol Differentially Regulate Intraocular Pressure.PubMed 30550613 DOI 10.1167/iovs.18-24838
214	THC modulates TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms).	Cannabinoid Ligands Targeting TRP Channels.PubMed 30697147 DOI 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00487
218	THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Cannabis Use and the Risk for Psychosis and Affective Disorders.PubMed 31647377 DOI 10.1080/15504263.2019.1674991
221	THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	The contribution of addictovigilance data to the French medical cannabis experimentation.PubMed 39547825 DOI 10.1016/j.therap.2024.10.060
228	THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Pharmacotherapies for cannabis use disorder.PubMed 41025421 DOI 10.1002/14651858.cd008940.pub4
229	THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Clinical management of cannabis withdrawal.PubMed 34791767 DOI 10.1111/add.15743
230	THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Cannabis and cannabinoids for symptomatic treatment for people with multiple sclerosis.PubMed 35510826 DOI 10.1002/14651858.cd013444.pub2
231	THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	The differential effects of medicinal cannabis on mental health: A systematic review.PubMed 40186931 DOI 10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102581
233	THC studied for Cannabinoids and nausea/vomiting research outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: Cannabinoids and nausea/vomiting research outcomes).	Oral Cannabis Extract for Secondary Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Final Results of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase II/III Trial.PubMed 39151115 DOI 10.1200/jco.23.01836
245	THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Brands of Intoxicating Cannabis Products in Vape Shops: United States, 2023.PubMed 41324909 DOI 10.1080/10826084.2025.2592227
249	THC studied for Rare phytocannabinoids research topics; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: Rare phytocannabinoids research topics).	Synthetic Strategies for Rare Cannabinoids Derived from Cannabis sativa.PubMed 35648593 DOI 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00155
250	THC studied for Rare phytocannabinoids research topics; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: Rare phytocannabinoids research topics).	Chiral Separation of Cannabichromene, Cannabicyclol, and Their Acidic Analogs on Polysaccharide Chiral Stationary Phases.PubMed 36770831 DOI 10.3390/molecules28031164
252	THC studied for Rare phytocannabinoids research topics; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; outcome measure: Rare phytocannabinoids research topics).	A new HPLC method with multiple detection systems for impurity analysis and discrimination of natural versus synthetic cannabidiol.PubMed 38940871 DOI 10.1007/s00216-024-05396-5
269	THC studied for Cannabinoids and immune modulation research outcomes; evidence class: preclinical (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: Cannabinoids and immune modulation research outcomes).	Maternal immune activation impairs endocannabinoid signaling in the mesolimbic system of adolescent male offspring.PubMed 36746342 DOI 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.02.002
273	THC studied for Cannabinoids and immune modulation research outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: Cannabinoids and immune modulation research outcomes).	Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cannabinoids.PubMed 12648025 DOI 10.2165/00003088-200342040-00003
277	THC studied for receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms).	Antiviral activities of hemp cannabinoids.PubMed 37083031 DOI 10.1042/cs20220193
278	THC studied for receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms).	Cannabigerolic Acid (CBGA) Inhibits the TRPM7 Ion Channel Through its Kinase Domain.PubMed 38162115 DOI 10.1093/function/zqad069
285	THC studied for receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms).	Bidimensional heart-cut achiral-chiral liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry for the separation of the main chiral phytocannabinoids and enantiomerization studies of cannabichromene and cannabichromenic acid.PubMed 37708768 DOI 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125161
287	THC studied for receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms).	Direct Quantitation of Phytocannabinoids by One-Dimensional 1H qNMR and Two-Dimensional 1H-1H COSY qNMR in Complex Natural Mixtures.PubMed 35566314 DOI 10.3390/molecules27092965
288	THC studied for Endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like lipids research topics; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: Endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like lipids research topics).	An Introduction to the Endogenous Cannabinoid System.PubMed 26698193 DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.07.028
289	THC studied for Endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like lipids research topics; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: Endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like lipids research topics).	The Endocannabinoid System and its Modulation by Phytocannabinoids.PubMed 26271952 DOI 10.1007/s13311-015-0374-6
293	THC studied for Endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like lipids research topics; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: Endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like lipids research topics).	Cannabinoid activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: potential for modulation of inflammatory disease.PubMed 19833407 DOI 10.1016/j.imbio.2009.09.007
294	THC studied for Endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like lipids research topics; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: Endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like lipids research topics).	Cannabinoids go nuclear: evidence for activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors.PubMed 17704824 DOI 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707423
303	THC modulates endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms).	FAAH and MAGL inhibitors: therapeutic opportunities from regulating endocannabinoid levels.PubMed 20047159
309	THC modulates endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms).	Chemical Probes for Investigating the Endocannabinoid System.PubMed 39747798 DOI 10.1007/7854_2024_563
311	THC modulates endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; outcome measure: endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms).	Impact of tetrahydrocannabinol on the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol metabolism: ABHD6 and ABHD12 as novel players in human placenta.PubMed 32829065 DOI 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158807
316	THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Cardiovascular consequences of marijuana use.PubMed 12412838 DOI 10.1002/j.1552-4604.2002.tb06005.x
317	THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Acute Effects of Cannabis Inhalation on Arterial Stiffness, Vascular Endothelial Function, and Cardiac Function.PubMed 39575727 DOI 10.1161/jaha.124.037731
322	THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Cannabinoid treatment for autism: a proof-of-concept randomized trial.PubMed 33536055 DOI 10.1186/s13229-021-00420-2
325	THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	A new HPLC method with multiple detection systems for impurity analysis and discrimination of natural versus synthetic cannabidiol.PubMed 38940871 DOI 10.1007/s00216-024-05396-5
326	THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Statewide Variation in Cannabinoid Regulations.PubMed 36848540
329	THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Cautious Hope for Cannabidiol (CBD) in Rheumatology Care.PubMed 32144889 DOI 10.1002/acr.24176
332	THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Cannabidiol Gummy Products: LC-MS/MS Assessment of Cannabinoid Concentrations.PubMed 40454463 DOI 10.1089/can.2024.0167
333	THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Acid-Catalyzed Conversion of Cannabidiol to Tetrahydrocannabinols: En Route to Demystifying Manufacturing Processes and Controlling the Reaction Outcomes.PubMed 40250991 DOI 10.1089/can.2025.0015
334	THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Potency Analysis of Medical Marijuana Products from New York State.PubMed 31559335 DOI 10.1089/can.2018.0037
351	THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Derivation of a health-based guidance value for Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC) and its occurrence in food.PubMed 41262681 DOI 10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9735
357	THC modulates TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms).	An Introduction to the Endogenous Cannabinoid System.PubMed 26698193 DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.07.028
359	THC modulates TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms).	The Pharmacological Case for Cannabigerol.PubMed 33168643 DOI 10.1124/jpet.120.000340
362	THC modulates TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms).	Cannabinoids in the landscape of cancer.PubMed 34259916 DOI 10.1007/s00432-021-03710-7
363	THC modulates TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms).	Plant-derived cannabinoids modulate the activity of transient receptor potential channels of ankyrin type-1 and melastatin type-8.PubMed 18354058 DOI 10.1124/jpet.107.134809
364	THC modulates TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms).	Effects of cannabinoids and cannabinoid-enriched Cannabis extracts on TRP channels and endocannabinoid metabolic enzymes.PubMed 21175579 DOI 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01166.x
375	THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence.PubMed 30687936 DOI 10.1002/14651858.cd008940.pub3
377	THC studied for Cannabinoids and nausea/vomiting research outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: Cannabinoids and nausea/vomiting research outcomes).	Regulation of nausea and vomiting by cannabinoids.PubMed 21175589 DOI 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01176.x
378	THC studied for Cannabinoids and nausea/vomiting research outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: Cannabinoids and nausea/vomiting research outcomes).	Cannabinoids: the lows and the highs of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.PubMed 30720344 DOI 10.2217/fon-2018-0530
379	THC studied for Cannabinoids and nausea/vomiting research outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: Cannabinoids and nausea/vomiting research outcomes).	Cannabinoids As Potential Treatment for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting.PubMed 27507945 DOI 10.3389/fphar.2016.00221
434	THC studied for Psychiatric risk; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: psychiatric risk outcomes).	Therapeutic Use of Cannabis and Cannabinoids: A Review.PubMed 41296368 DOI 10.1001/jama.2025.19433
435	THC studied for Psychiatric risk; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: psychiatric risk outcomes).	Therapeutic potential of minor cannabinoids in psychiatric disorders: A systematic review.PubMed 39541799 DOI 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2024.10.006
436	THC studied for Psychiatric risk; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: psychiatric risk outcomes).	Cannabis Use and the Risk for Psychosis and Affective Disorders.PubMed 31647377 DOI 10.1080/15504263.2019.1674991
437	THC studied for Psychiatric risk; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: psychiatric risk outcomes).	Cannabis, cannabinoids and health: a review of evidence on risks and medical benefits.PubMed 39299947 DOI 10.1007/s00406-024-01880-2
438	THC studied for Psychiatric risk; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: psychiatric risk outcomes).	Cannabis and Mental Health: A Review.PubMed 41801216 DOI 10.1001/jamainternmed.2025.8215
439	THC studied for Psychiatric risk; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: psychiatric risk outcomes).	Association of cannabis potency with mental ill health and addiction: a systematic review.PubMed 35901795 DOI 10.1016/s2215-0366(22
440	THC studied for Psychiatric risk; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: psychiatric risk outcomes).	Cannabidiol: A Potential New Alternative for the Treatment of Anxiety, Depression, and Psychotic Disorders.PubMed 33228239 DOI 10.3390/biom10111575
441	THC studied for Psychiatric risk; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: psychiatric risk outcomes).	High-Concentration Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Cannabis Products and Mental Health Outcomes : A Systematic Review.PubMed 40854216 DOI 10.7326/annals-24-03819
442	THC studied for Psychiatric risk; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: psychiatric risk outcomes).	Cannabinoids for the treatment of mental disorders and symptoms of mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PubMed 31672337 DOI 10.1016/s2215-0366(19
443	THC studied for Cardiovascular risk; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: cardiovascular risk outcomes).	Cardiovascular consequences of marijuana use.PubMed 12412838 DOI 10.1002/j.1552-4604.2002.tb06005.x
444	THC studied for Cardiovascular risk; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: cardiovascular risk outcomes).	Acute Effects of Cannabis Inhalation on Arterial Stiffness, Vascular Endothelial Function, and Cardiac Function.PubMed 39575727 DOI 10.1161/jaha.124.037731
445	THC studied for Cardiovascular risk; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: cardiovascular risk outcomes).	Cardiovascular system effects of marijuana.PubMed 12412837 DOI 10.1002/j.1552-4604.2002.tb06004.x
446	THC studied for Cardiovascular risk; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: cardiovascular risk outcomes).	Cannabinoids and the heart-a psychiatrist's perspective.PubMed 39331072 DOI 10.1007/s00059-024-05273-y
447	THC studied for Cardiovascular risk; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: cardiovascular risk outcomes).	The acute cardiovascular response to dynamic exercise and recovery following cannabis use.PubMed 41115058 DOI 10.1152/ajpheart.00608.2025
448	THC studied for Cardiovascular risk; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: cardiovascular risk outcomes).	At the heart of the matter: the endocannabinoid system in cardiovascular function and dysfunction.PubMed 22503477 DOI 10.1016/j.tips.2012.03.002
449	THC studied for Cardiovascular risk; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: cardiovascular risk outcomes).	A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the In Vivo Haemodynamic Effects of Δ⁸-Tetrahydrocannabinol.PubMed 29385080 DOI 10.3390/ph11010013
450	THC studied for Cardiovascular risk; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: cardiovascular risk outcomes).	The effects of combinations of intranasal cocaine, smoked marijuana, and task performance on heart rate and blood pressure.PubMed 2162543 DOI 10.1016/0091-3057(90
451	THC studied for Cardiovascular risk; evidence class: preliminary human (outcome measure: cardiovascular risk outcomes).	Cumulative Effects of Cannabis Oils on Body Temperature, Electrocardiography, Heart Rate Variability, Blood Pressure, and Respiratory Function in Telemetered Dogs.PubMed 42131827 DOI 10.4103/ijvsm.ijvsm_3_25
452	THC studied for Dependence and withdrawal; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: dependence or withdrawal outcomes).	Pharmacotherapies for cannabis use disorder.PubMed 41025421 DOI 10.1002/14651858.cd008940.pub4
453	THC studied for Dependence and withdrawal; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: dependence or withdrawal outcomes).	Clinical management of cannabis withdrawal.PubMed 34791767 DOI 10.1111/add.15743
454	THC studied for Dependence and withdrawal; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: dependence or withdrawal outcomes).	Cannabis and cannabinoids for symptomatic treatment for people with multiple sclerosis.PubMed 35510826 DOI 10.1002/14651858.cd013444.pub2
455	THC studied for Dependence and withdrawal; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: dependence or withdrawal outcomes).	The differential effects of medicinal cannabis on mental health: A systematic review.PubMed 40186931 DOI 10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102581
456	THC studied for Dependence and withdrawal; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: dependence or withdrawal outcomes).	Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence.PubMed 30687936 DOI 10.1002/14651858.cd008940.pub3
457	THC studied for Dependence and withdrawal; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: dependence or withdrawal outcomes).	Actions of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in cannabis: relation to use, abuse, dependence.PubMed 19367504 DOI 10.1080/09540260902782752
458	THC studied for Dependence and withdrawal; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: dependence or withdrawal outcomes).	[Cannabis use and cannabis use disorders].PubMed 39134752 DOI 10.1007/s00115-024-01722-5
459	THC studied for Dependence and withdrawal; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: dependence or withdrawal outcomes).	Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence.PubMed 25515775 DOI 10.1002/14651858.cd008940.pub2
460	THC studied for Dependence and withdrawal; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: dependence or withdrawal outcomes).	Alleviation of opioid withdrawal by cannabis and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol: A systematic review of observational and experimental human studies.PubMed 36434879 DOI 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109702
461	THC studied for Cognition and memory; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: cognition or memory outcomes).	Cannabinoids: Medical implications.PubMed 26912385 DOI 10.3109/07853890.2016.1145794
462	THC studied for Cognition and memory; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: cognition or memory outcomes).	Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) impairs visual working memory performance: a randomized crossover trial.PubMed 32386395 DOI 10.1038/s41386-020-0690-3
463	THC studied for Cognition and memory; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: cognition or memory outcomes).	Developing a phone-based measure of impairment after acute oral ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol.PubMed 31407943 DOI 10.1177/0269881119862533
464	THC studied for Cognition and memory; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: cognition or memory outcomes).	Acute effects of naturalistic THC vs. CBD use on recognition memory: a preliminary study.PubMed 33526107 DOI 10.1186/s42238-020-00034-0
465	THC studied for Cognition and memory; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (outcome measure: cognition or memory outcomes).	Acute administration of THC impairs spatial but not associative memory function in zebrafish.PubMed 24639045 DOI 10.1007/s00213-014-3522-5
466	THC studied for Cognition and memory; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: cognition or memory outcomes).	Effects of different methods of cannabis use on cognition and blood THC: A systematic review.PubMed 40368229 DOI 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111399
467	THC studied for Cognition and memory; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: cognition or memory outcomes).	[Cannabis: Similarities and differences with tobacco].PubMed 32381378 DOI 10.1016/j.rmr.2020.04.002
468	THC studied for Cognition and memory; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: cognition or memory outcomes).	The Individual and Interactive Effects of Alpha-Pinene and Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Healthy Adults.PubMed 40734690 DOI 10.1159/000547014
469	THC studied for Cognition and memory; evidence class: preliminary human (study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: cognition or memory outcomes).	Cognitive and subjective dose-response effects of acute oral Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in infrequent cannabis users.PubMed 12373420 DOI 10.1007/s00213-002-1169-0
470	THC studied for Cognition and memory; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: cognition or memory outcomes).	The acute effects of cannabis on human executive function.PubMed 30199388 DOI 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000426
471	THC studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes).	Therapeutic Use of Cannabis and Cannabinoids: A Review.PubMed 41296368 DOI 10.1001/jama.2025.19433
472	THC studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes).	Medical cannabinoids: a pharmacology-based systematic review and meta-analysis for all relevant medical indications.PubMed 35982439 DOI 10.1186/s12916-022-02459-1
473	THC studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes).	Cannabis-Based Products for Chronic Pain : An Updated Systematic Review.PubMed 41429020 DOI 10.7326/annals-25-03152
474	THC studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes).	Ingestion of a THC-Rich Cannabis Oil in People with Fibromyalgia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.PubMed 33118602 DOI 10.1093/pm/pnaa303
475	THC studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes).	Pharmacology of Medical Cannabis.PubMed 31332738 DOI 10.1007/978-3-030-21737-2_8
476	THC studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes).	Cannabis-based medicines and medical cannabis for adults with cancer pain.PubMed 37283486 DOI 10.1002/14651858.cd014915.pub2
477	THC studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes).	Cannabis-Based Products for Chronic Pain : A Systematic Review.PubMed 35667066 DOI 10.7326/m21-4520
478	THC studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes).	Practical considerations in medical cannabis administration and dosing.PubMed 29307505 DOI 10.1016/j.ejim.2018.01.004
479	THC studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes).	Cannabis-Based Medicines and Medical Cannabis for Chronic Neuropathic Pain.PubMed 34802112 DOI 10.1007/s40263-021-00879-w
480	THC studied for Nausea and vomiting; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: nausea, vomiting, or antiemetic outcomes).	Therapeutic Use of Cannabis and Cannabinoids: A Review.PubMed 41296368 DOI 10.1001/jama.2025.19433
481	THC studied for Nausea and vomiting; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: nausea, vomiting, or antiemetic outcomes).	Medical cannabinoids: a pharmacology-based systematic review and meta-analysis for all relevant medical indications.PubMed 35982439 DOI 10.1186/s12916-022-02459-1
482	THC studied for Nausea and vomiting; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: nausea, vomiting, or antiemetic outcomes).	Oral Cannabis Extract for Secondary Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Final Results of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase II/III Trial.PubMed 39151115 DOI 10.1200/jco.23.01836
483	THC studied for Nausea and vomiting; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: nausea, vomiting, or antiemetic outcomes).	Cannabis, cannabinoids and health: a review of evidence on risks and medical benefits.PubMed 39299947 DOI 10.1007/s00406-024-01880-2
484	THC studied for Nausea and vomiting; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: nausea, vomiting, or antiemetic outcomes).	Cannabinoids: Therapeutic Use in Clinical Practice.PubMed 35328765 DOI 10.3390/ijms23063344
485	THC studied for Nausea and vomiting; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: nausea, vomiting, or antiemetic outcomes).	Dronabinol for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting unresponsive to antiemetics.PubMed 27274310 DOI 10.2147/cmar.s81425
486	THC studied for Nausea and vomiting; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: nausea, vomiting, or antiemetic outcomes).	The Risk of QTc Prolongation with Antiemetics in the Palliative Care Setting: A Narrative Review.PubMed 33974499 DOI 10.1080/15360288.2021.1900491
487	THC studied for Nausea and vomiting; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: nausea, vomiting, or antiemetic outcomes).	Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.PubMed 18391612 DOI 10.1097/ppo.0b013e31816a0f07
488	THC studied for Appetite and metabolic outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: appetite or metabolic outcomes).	[Dronabinol (delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol) in long-term treatment. Symptom control in patients with multiple sclerosis and spasticity, neuropathic pain, loss of appetite and cachexia].PubMed 23570087
489	THC studied for Appetite and metabolic outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: appetite or metabolic outcomes).	Cancer cachexia and cannabinoids.PubMed 10575285 DOI 10.1159/000057152
490	THC studied for Appetite and metabolic outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: appetite or metabolic outcomes).	Orexigenic and anabolic agents.PubMed 12608509 DOI 10.1016/s0749-0690(02
491	THC studied for Appetite and metabolic outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: appetite or metabolic outcomes).	Dronabinol oral solution in the management of anorexia and weight loss in AIDS and cancer.PubMed 29670357 DOI 10.2147/tcrm.s126849
492	THC studied for Appetite and metabolic outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: appetite or metabolic outcomes).	Comparison of orally administered cannabis extract and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in treating patients with cancer-related anorexia-cachexia syndrome: a multicenter, phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial from the Cannabis-In-Cachexia-Study-Group.PubMed 16849753 DOI 10.1200/jco.2005.05.1847
493	THC studied for Appetite and metabolic outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: appetite or metabolic outcomes).	Systematic review and meta-analysis of cannabinoids in palliative medicine.PubMed 29400010 DOI 10.1002/jcsm.12273
494	THC studied for Appetite and metabolic outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: appetite or metabolic outcomes).	Clinical utility of dronabinol in the treatment of weight loss associated with HIV and AIDS.PubMed 26929669 DOI 10.2147/hiv.s81420
495	THC studied for Appetite and metabolic outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: appetite or metabolic outcomes).	Systematic review of megestrol acetate in the treatment of anorexia-cachexia syndrome.PubMed 15050664 DOI 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2003.09.007
496	THC studied for Appetite and metabolic outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: appetite or metabolic outcomes).	The cancer cachexia syndrome.PubMed 9208884
497	THC studied for Appetite and metabolic outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: appetite or metabolic outcomes).	The Effects of Dosage-Controlled Cannabis Capsules on Cancer-Related Cachexia and Anorexia Syndrome in Advanced Cancer Patients: Pilot Study.PubMed 31595793 DOI 10.1177/1534735419881498
498	THC studied for Sleep; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes).	The differential effects of medicinal cannabis on mental health: A systematic review.PubMed 40186931 DOI 10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102581
499	THC studied for Sleep; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes).	Medicinal cannabis improves sleep in adults with insomnia: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study.PubMed 36539991 DOI 10.1111/jsr.13793
500	THC studied for Sleep; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes).	Acute Effects of Oral Cannabinoids on Sleep and High-Density EEG in Insomnia: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial.PubMed 40631525 DOI 10.1111/jsr.70124
501	THC studied for Sleep; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes).	Should Oncologists Recommend Cannabis?PubMed 31161270 DOI 10.1007/s11864-019-0659-9
502	THC studied for Sleep; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes).	Cannabis dosing and administration for sleep: a systematic review.PubMed 36107800 DOI 10.1093/sleep/zsac218
503	THC studied for Sleep; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes).	Cannabidiol (CBD) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) for chronic insomnia disorder ('CANSLEEP' trial): protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, proof-of-concept trial.PubMed 32430450 DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034421
504	THC studied for Sleep; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes).	Cannabinoids in the Treatment of Insomnia Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.PubMed 33244728 DOI 10.1007/s40263-020-00773-x
505	THC studied for Sleep; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes).	Cannabis: are there any benefits?PubMed 33215831 DOI 10.1111/imj.15052
506	THC studied for Sleep; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes).	Use of Cannabidiol in the Management of Insomnia: A Systematic Review.PubMed 36149724 DOI 10.1089/can.2022.0122
507	THC studied for Sleep; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes).	Cannabinoid therapies in the management of sleep disorders: A systematic review of preclinical and clinical studies.PubMed 32603954 DOI 10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101339
808	THC modulates CB1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms).	Pharmacological actions of cannabinoids.PubMed 16596770 DOI 10.1007/3-540-26573-2_1
810	THC modulates CB1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms).	Cannabinoid receptor 1 antagonist genistein attenuates marijuana-induced vascular inflammation.PubMed 35489334 DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2022.04.005
816	THC modulates CB1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms).	Structure-based identification of a G protein-biased allosteric modulator of cannabinoid receptor CB1.PubMed 38830102 DOI 10.1073/pnas.2321532121
822	THC modulates CB1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms).	Allosteric modulator ORG27569 induces CB1 cannabinoid receptor high affinity agonist binding state, receptor internalization, and Gi protein-independent ERK1/2 kinase activation.PubMed 22343625 DOI 10.1074/jbc.m111.316463
825	THC modulates CB1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms).	Allosteric Cannabinoid Receptor 1 (CB1) Ligands Reduce Ocular Pain and Inflammation.PubMed 31968549 DOI 10.3390/molecules25020417
832	THC modulates CB1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms).	Synthetic Cannabinoids.PubMed 26132518 DOI 10.1097/maj.0000000000000466
837	THC modulates CB1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms).	Pharmacology and adverse effects of new psychoactive substances: synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists.PubMed 33811300 DOI 10.1007/s12272-021-01326-6
843	THC modulates CB1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB1 neurobehavioral, appetite, metabolic, pain, cognition, or synaptic mechanisms).	Endocannabinoid System: A Multi-Facet Therapeutic Target.PubMed 27086601 DOI 10.2174/1574884711666160418105339
848	THC modulates CB1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB1 neurobehavioral, appetite, metabolic, pain, cognition, or synaptic mechanisms).	Central side-effects of therapies based on CB1 cannabinoid receptor agonists and antagonists: focus on anxiety and depression.PubMed 19285266 DOI 10.1016/j.beem.2008.09.003
858	THC modulates CB1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: CB1 neurobehavioral, appetite, metabolic, pain, cognition, or synaptic mechanisms).	The effects of cannabinoid 1 receptor compounds on memory: a meta-analysis and systematic review across species.PubMed 31165913 DOI 10.1007/s00213-019-05283-3
863	THC modulates CB2; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms).	The diverse CB1 and CB2 receptor pharmacology of three plant cannabinoids: delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and delta9-tetrahydrocannabivarin.PubMed 17828291 DOI 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707442
866	THC modulates CB2; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms).	An Introduction to the Endogenous Cannabinoid System.PubMed 26698193 DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.07.028
867	THC modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms).	Cannabichromene is a cannabinoid CB2 receptor agonist.PubMed 31368508 DOI 10.1111/bph.14815
870	THC modulates CB2; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms).	Pharmacology and adverse effects of new psychoactive substances: synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists.PubMed 33811300 DOI 10.1007/s12272-021-01326-6
871	THC modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms).	A universal cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptor TR-FRET kinetic ligand-binding assay.PubMed 40271066 DOI 10.3389/fphar.2025.1469986
874	THC modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms).	CB2 cannabinoid receptor agonist enantiomers HU-433 and HU-308: An inverse relationship between binding affinity and biological potency.PubMed 26124120 DOI 10.1073/pnas.1503395112
887	THC modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms).	The CB2 cannabinoid receptor-selective agonist O-3223 reduces pain and inflammation without apparent cannabinoid behavioral effects.PubMed 20849866 DOI 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.09.004
893	THC modulates CB2; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms).	The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists as New Psychoactive Substances: Origins.PubMed 29980914 DOI 10.1007/164_2018_143
907	THC modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms).	Up-regulation of immunomodulatory effects of mouse bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells by tetrahydrocannabinol pre-treatment involving cannabinoid receptor CB2.PubMed 26824325 DOI 10.18632/oncotarget.7042
913	THC modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms).	Cannabidiol-rich non-psychotropic Cannabis sativa L. oils attenuate peripheral neuropathy symptoms by regulation of CB2-mediated microglial neuroinflammation.PubMed 36583304 DOI 10.1002/ptr.7710
922	THC modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms).	The cannabinoid delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol mediates inhibition of macrophage chemotaxis to RANTES/CCL5: linkage to the CB2 receptor.PubMed 18247131 DOI 10.1007/s11481-007-9077-z
927	THC modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Cannabinoids in the landscape of cancer.PubMed 34259916 DOI 10.1007/s00432-021-03710-7
938	THC modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	GPR55: a new member of the cannabinoid receptor clan?PubMed 17876300 DOI 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707464
939	THC modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Pharmacological characterization of GPR55, a putative cannabinoid receptor.PubMed 20298715 DOI 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.02.004
946	THC modulates GPR18; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Computational Investigations on the Binding Mode of Ligands for the Cannabinoid-Activated G Protein-Coupled Receptor GPR18.PubMed 32365486 DOI 10.3390/biom10050686
949	THC modulates GPR18; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Structure-activity relationships of imidazothiazinones and analogs as antagonists of the cannabinoid-activated orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR18.PubMed 29902723 DOI 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.05.050
950	THC modulates GPR18; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Activation of GPR18 by cannabinoid compounds: a tale of biased agonism.PubMed 24762058 DOI 10.1111/bph.12746
957	THC modulates GPR18; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Δ(9) -Tetrahydrocannabinol and N-arachidonyl glycine are full agonists at GPR18 receptors and induce migration in human endometrial HEC-1B cells.PubMed 21595653 DOI 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01497.x
971	THC modulates TRPV1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Cannabinoid Ligands Targeting TRP Channels.PubMed 30697147 DOI 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00487
972	THC modulates TRPV1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Cannabinoids in the landscape of cancer.PubMed 34259916 DOI 10.1007/s00432-021-03710-7
973	THC modulates TRPV1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Pharmacological actions of cannabinoids.PubMed 16596770 DOI 10.1007/3-540-26573-2_1
976	THC modulates TRPV1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Cannabinoids and anxiety.PubMed 21309120 DOI 10.1007/7854_2009_16
984	THC modulates TRPV1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Exploiting cannabinoid and vanilloid mechanisms for epilepsy treatment.PubMed 31839498 DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106832
985	THC modulates TRPV1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Cannabis for the Treatment of Epilepsy: an Update.PubMed 30194563 DOI 10.1007/s11910-018-0882-y
986	THC modulates TRPV1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Cannabis and the exocannabinoid and endocannabinoid systems. Their use and controversies.PubMed 32091020 DOI 10.24875/gmm.m20000334
988	THC modulates TRPV1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Cannabis y los sistemas exocannabinoide y endocannabinoide. Su uso y controversias.PubMed 31695229 DOI 10.24875/gmm.19004881
989	THC modulates TRPV2; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV2 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Cannabinoid Ligands Targeting TRP Channels.PubMed 30697147 DOI 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00487
990	THC modulates TRPV2; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV2 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Cannabinoids in the landscape of cancer.PubMed 34259916 DOI 10.1007/s00432-021-03710-7
995	THC modulates TRPV2; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: TRPV2 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Cannabidiol interactions with voltage-gated sodium channels.PubMed 33089780 DOI 10.7554/elife.58593
996	THC modulates TRPV2; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: TRPV2 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Iodine-Promoted Aromatization of p-Menthane-Type Phytocannabinoids.PubMed 29240420 DOI 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00946
999	THC modulates TRPV2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPV2 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	The Protective Effect of CBD in a Model of In Vitro Ischemia May Be Mediated by Agonism on TRPV2 Channel and Microglia Activation.PubMed 36292998 DOI 10.3390/ijms232012144
1004	THC modulates TRPV3; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV3 channel activity, binding, signaling, dermatology-relevant mechanism, or pharmacology).	Cannabinoid Ligands Targeting TRP Channels.PubMed 30697147 DOI 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00487
1008	THC modulates TRPV3; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPV3 channel activity, binding, signaling, dermatology-relevant mechanism, or pharmacology).	Cannabinoid actions at TRPV channels: effects on TRPV3 and TRPV4 and their potential relevance to gastrointestinal inflammation.PubMed 21726418 DOI 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02338.x
1015	THC modulates TRPV3; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (outcome measure: TRPV3 channel activity, binding, signaling, dermatology-relevant mechanism, or pharmacology).	The Impact of a Quinone Scaffold on Thermo-TRPs Modulation by Dimethylheptyl Phytocannabinoids.PubMed 40141324 DOI 10.3390/ijms26062682
1016	THC modulates TRPV4; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV4 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Cannabinoid Ligands Targeting TRP Channels.PubMed 30697147 DOI 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00487
1019	THC modulates TRPV4; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPV4 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Cannabinoid actions at TRPV channels: effects on TRPV3 and TRPV4 and their potential relevance to gastrointestinal inflammation.PubMed 21726418 DOI 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02338.x
1030	THC modulates TRPA1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPA1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Cannabinoid Ligands Targeting TRP Channels.PubMed 30697147 DOI 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00487
1032	THC modulates TRPA1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPA1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Cannabinoids in the landscape of cancer.PubMed 34259916 DOI 10.1007/s00432-021-03710-7
1033	THC modulates TRPA1; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: TRPA1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Iodine-Promoted Aromatization of p-Menthane-Type Phytocannabinoids.PubMed 29240420 DOI 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00946
1037	THC modulates TRPA1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: TRPA1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Identification of the TRPA1 cannabinoid-binding site.PubMed 39368566 DOI 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107444
1039	THC modulates TRPA1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPA1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Molecular Targets of the Phytocannabinoids: A Complex Picture.PubMed 28120232 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-45541-9_4
1049	THC modulates TRPM8; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPM8 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Plant-derived cannabinoids modulate the activity of transient receptor potential channels of ankyrin type-1 and melastatin type-8.PubMed 18354058 DOI 10.1124/jpet.107.134809
1050	THC modulates TRPM8; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPM8 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Effects of cannabinoids and cannabinoid-enriched Cannabis extracts on TRP channels and endocannabinoid metabolic enzymes.PubMed 21175579 DOI 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01166.x
1053	THC modulates TRPM8; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: TRPM8 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Iodine-Promoted Aromatization of p-Menthane-Type Phytocannabinoids.PubMed 29240420 DOI 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00946
1056	THC modulates TRPM8; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPM8 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Molecular Targets of the Phytocannabinoids: A Complex Picture.PubMed 28120232 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-45541-9_4

Appetite and metabolic outcomes
CB1
CB2
Cardiovascular risk
Cognition and memory
Dependence and withdrawal
GPR18
GPR55
Nausea and vomiting
Pain-related outcomes
Psychiatric risk
Sleep
TRPA1
TRPM8
TRPV1
TRPV2
TRPV3
TRPV4

References

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Effects of cannabinoids and cannabinoid-enriched Cannabis extracts on TRP channels and endocannabinoid metabolic enzymes.PubMed 21175579 DOI 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01166.x
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CB2 cannabinoid receptor agonist enantiomers HU-433 and HU-308: An inverse relationship between binding affinity and biological potency.PubMed 26124120 DOI 10.1073/pnas.1503395112
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Up-regulation of immunomodulatory effects of mouse bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells by tetrahydrocannabinol pre-treatment involving cannabinoid receptor CB2.PubMed 26824325 DOI 10.18632/oncotarget.7042
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Cannabinoids and anxiety.PubMed 21309120 DOI 10.1007/7854_2009_16
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Cannabis y los sistemas exocannabinoide y endocannabinoide. Su uso y controversias.PubMed 31695229 DOI 10.24875/gmm.19004881
Cannabidiol interactions with voltage-gated sodium channels.PubMed 33089780 DOI 10.7554/elife.58593
Iodine-Promoted Aromatization of p-Menthane-Type Phytocannabinoids.PubMed 29240420 DOI 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00946
The Protective Effect of CBD in a Model of In Vitro Ischemia May Be Mediated by Agonism on TRPV2 Channel and Microglia Activation.PubMed 36292998 DOI 10.3390/ijms232012144
Cannabinoid actions at TRPV channels: effects on TRPV3 and TRPV4 and their potential relevance to gastrointestinal inflammation.PubMed 21726418 DOI 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02338.x
The Impact of a Quinone Scaffold on Thermo-TRPs Modulation by Dimethylheptyl Phytocannabinoids.PubMed 40141324 DOI 10.3390/ijms26062682
Identification of the TRPA1 cannabinoid-binding site.PubMed 39368566 DOI 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107444
Molecular Targets of the Phytocannabinoids: A Complex Picture.PubMed 28120232 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-45541-9_4

THC has research behind it, but the bucket matters.

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