Other Research Guide

Cannabinoids, explained simply with PubMed links

This page translates Cannabinoids research into plain English: what scientists studied, what kind of evidence exists, where the source links are strong or limited, and which PubMed records support each bucket.

Launch set page

Read Evidence Overview Open Source Table

127research sources

17evidence buckets

PubMedlinked references

What this page is

A plain-English research page about Cannabinoids. It explains what researchers studied and links the PubMed or DOI sources.

How to use it

Read the overview first. If a sentence matters to you, open the PubMed link or source table below it.

Important limit

This page is education, not medical advice, dosing advice, or a recommendation to use cannabinoids.

Evidence Rows 143

Traceable statements carried into the source table.

Human Evidence 2

Rows where human participants, patients, or clinical evidence are visible.

Mechanisms 50

Biology, target, enzyme, receptor, or pharmacology rows.

Safety / Limits 20

Safety, tolerability, uncertainty, or insufficient-evidence context.

Evidence Overview

Cannabinoids has research behind it, but the bucket matters.

This page currently indexes 127 research sources across 17 evidence bucket(s). Read it as a map of what researchers have studied, not as a single bottom-line instruction. PMID 39288632

Human evidence 2 evidence rows

Human studies are separated from preclinical and mechanistic evidence so a reader can see where people were actually studied. PMID 39288632

Mechanisms 50 evidence rows

Mechanistic rows explain biological plausibility, receptor activity, enzyme activity, or pharmacology; they do not automatically prove an outcome in people. PMID 39288632

Safety and limits 20 evidence rows

Safety, tolerability, product quality, impairment, interactions, and higher-risk contexts stay visible instead of being treated as footnotes. PMID 39288632

Evidence Buckets

What the Cannabinoids research is usually about

Jump to source-backed table

CB2

Cannabinoids appears in rows about CB2 mechanisms. It currently draws from 37 research source(s), and mechanistic evidence should stay separate from human-outcome evidence. PMID 39288632

CB1

Cannabinoids appears in rows about CB1 mechanisms. It currently draws from 28 research source(s), and mechanistic evidence should stay separate from human-outcome evidence. PMID 33636308

Safety, risk, adverse events, and formulation concerns

Cannabinoids appears in rows studying Safety, risk, adverse events, and formulation concerns. It currently draws from 14 research source(s), so the population, dose, route, and endpoint should be checked before reading across contexts. PMID 42309106

pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts

Cannabinoids appears in rows studying pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts. It currently draws from 13 research source(s), so the population, dose, route, and endpoint should be checked before reading across contexts. PMID 35903331

receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms

Cannabinoids appears in rows about receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms mechanisms. It currently draws from 10 research source(s), and mechanistic evidence should stay separate from human-outcome evidence. PMID 39288632

Safety, adverse events, impairment, and formulation concerns

Cannabinoids appears in rows studying Safety, adverse events, impairment, and formulation concerns. It currently draws from 6 research source(s), so the population, dose, route, and endpoint should be checked before reading across contexts. PMID 41142233

Reader Map

Evidence buckets before the source table

Grouped for readability

Bucket	Plain-English meaning	Evidence posture	Starting source
CB2	Grouped source-backed rows focused on CB2, collapsed into one reader-facing bucket before the full source table.	Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (13), mechanistic or pharmacological (24)	PMID 39288632
CB1	Grouped source-backed rows focused on CB1, collapsed into one reader-facing bucket before the full source table.	Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (13), mechanistic or pharmacological (16)	PMID 33636308
Safety, risk, adverse events, and formulation concerns	Grouped source-backed rows focused on Safety, risk, adverse events, and formulation concerns, collapsed into one reader-facing bucket before the full source table.	Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (12), preclinical (1), preliminary human (1)	PMID 42309106
pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts	Grouped source-backed rows focused on pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts, collapsed into one reader-facing bucket before the full source table.	Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (11), preliminary human (2)	PMID 35903331
receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms	Grouped source-backed rows focused on receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms, collapsed into one reader-facing bucket before the full source table.	Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (7), mechanistic or pharmacological (3)	PMID 39288632
Safety, adverse events, impairment, and formulation concerns	Grouped source-backed rows focused on Safety, adverse events, impairment, and formulation concerns, collapsed into one reader-facing bucket before the full source table.	Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (5), preliminary human (1)	PMID 41142233
TRPA1	Grouped source-backed rows focused on TRPA1, collapsed into one reader-facing bucket before the full source table.	Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (3), mechanistic or pharmacological (3)	PMID 19070372
GPR55	Grouped source-backed rows focused on GPR55, collapsed into one reader-facing bucket before the full source table.	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (5)	PMID 28826536

Safety Reading Notes

Read safety context beside the research guide.

The Cannabinoids source set includes safety-context rows around Safety, risk, adverse events, and formulation concerns. Public reading should keep these rows beside the benefit-oriented buckets, because product identity, dose, route, population, impairment, interactions, and adverse-event context can change what a study means. PMID 39288632

Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (12), preclinical (1), preliminary human (1)

PubMed For Dummies Article

Cannabinoids Evidence Review: the long-form source walk-through

Quick read

Cannabinoids currently has 143 source-backed evidence row(s), so this page should be read as a research guide rather than a single conclusion. PMID 39288632
The evidence classes most visible in the row language are insufficient (87), mechanistic or pharmacological (50), preliminary human (4), and preclinical (2). PMID 41142233
The study-design language most visible in the row language is Narrative or expert review (70), Animal study (35), Cellular or in vitro study (7), and other mapped categories (11). PMID 21845389
The repeated topics are CB2 (37), CB1 (29), safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns (14), pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts (13), and other mapped categories (50), which tells the reader where to start opening PubMed and DOI links. PMID 41548880

Start with the research question

Cannabinoids is built from 143 source-backed evidence row(s) and 127 research source(s). The current evidence classes read as insufficient (87), mechanistic or pharmacological (50), preliminary human (4), and preclinical (2), and the study-design language most often reads as Narrative or expert review (70), Animal study (35), Cellular or in vitro study (7), and other mapped categories (11). PMID 39288632

The row-level question is not simply whether Cannabinoids is "good" or "bad." The useful question is what each row studied, what evidence class it received, and whether the source is close to the reader's actual question. The most repeated row topics are CB2 (37), CB1 (29), safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns (14), pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts (13), and other mapped categories (50). PMID 33636308

Human evidence 2 rows

Rows involving human participants, patients, or clinical source language. These rows are closer to everyday reader questions, but still depend on population, dose, route, comparator, and endpoint. PMID 40708053

Preclinical evidence 1 row

Animal, cellular, or model-based rows. These can explain why a topic is being studied, but they should not be read as human-health instructions. PMID 42158949

Mechanistic evidence 50 rows

Rows about receptors, enzymes, channels, metabolism, binding, signaling, or pharmacology. These explain plausibility without proving a consumer outcome. PMID 35903331

Limits and uncertainty 107 rows

Rows where safety, tolerability, risk, product limits, or insufficient evidence need to stay visible next to the rest of the article. PMID 34035677

The lane labels are not a quality score. They are a reading method: keep human evidence, preclinical evidence, mechanisms, and uncertainty in separate mental boxes before deciding what a source can actually support. PMID 36730710

Where this page has the most source density

The largest bucket surfaced for this page is CB2. That does not automatically mean the topic is settled; it means this is where the current source trail is densest. The next visible bucket is CB1, which gives readers another way to see what the literature repeatedly circles. PMID 39288632

Source density should be read with evidence posture. A bucket can contain many rows and still be limited if the studies are indirect, mixed, preclinical, product-specific, or mostly review-level. The paragraphs below name the buckets directly and keep each explanation connected to a source record. PMID 33636308

Bucket chapters: what the literature is circling

CB2

37 research sources 37 rows (864-925) Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (13), mechanistic or pharmacological (24)

Cannabinoids appears in rows about CB2 mechanisms. It currently draws from 37 research source(s), and mechanistic evidence should stay separate from human-outcome evidence. PMID 39288632

Read this bucket as mechanism or pharmacology context. Mechanisms can make the biology easier to understand, but they are not the same thing as a demonstrated effect in people. PMID 39288632

Evidence row 864
Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 39288632
Evidence row 925
Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, mic... PMID 41740200

CB1

28 research sources 29 rows (806-860) Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (13), mechanistic or pharmacological (16)

Cannabinoids appears in rows about CB1 mechanisms. It currently draws from 28 research source(s), and mechanistic evidence should stay separate from human-outcome evidence. PMID 33636308

Read this bucket as mechanism or pharmacology context. Mechanisms can make the biology easier to understand, but they are not the same thing as a demonstrated effect in people. PMID 33636308

Evidence row 806
Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signa... PMID 33636308
Evidence row 860
Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB1 neurobehavioral, appetite, metabolic, pain, cognition, or... PMID 38482984

Safety, risk, adverse events, and formulation concerns

14 research sources 14 rows (219-376) Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (12), preclinical (1), preliminary human (1)

Read this bucket as safety context first. It belongs beside any benefit-oriented rows because risk, route, dose, product quality, co-exposures, and population can change what a source means. PMID 42309106

Evidence row 219
Cannabinoids studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specif... PMID 42309106
Evidence row 376
Cannabinoids studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evid... PMID 32271390

pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts

13 research sources 13 rows (100-195) Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (11), preliminary human (2)

Evidence row 100
Cannabinoids studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Narrativ... PMID 35903331
Evidence row 195
Cannabinoids studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Narrativ... PMID 37330589

receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms

10 research sources 10 rows (206-267) Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (7), mechanistic or pharmacological (3)

Read this bucket as mechanism or pharmacology context. Mechanisms can make the biology easier to understand, but they are not the same thing as a demonstrated effect in people. PMID 39288632

Evidence row 206
Cannabinoids modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms). PMID 39288632
Evidence row 267
Cannabinoids modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome m... PMID 11347816

Safety, adverse events, impairment, and formulation concerns

6 research sources 6 rows (93-153) Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (5), preliminary human (1)

Evidence row 93
Cannabinoids studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review... PMID 41142233
Evidence row 153
Cannabinoids studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 38176407

TRPA1

6 research sources 6 rows (1034-1042) Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (3), mechanistic or pharmacological (3)

Cannabinoids appears in rows about TRPA1 mechanisms. It currently draws from 6 research source(s), and mechanistic evidence should stay separate from human-outcome evidence. PMID 19070372

Read this bucket as mechanism or pharmacology context. Mechanisms can make the biology easier to understand, but they are not the same thing as a demonstrated effect in people. PMID 19070372

Evidence row 1034
Cannabinoids modulates TRPA1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPA1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 19070372
Evidence row 1042
Cannabinoids modulates TRPA1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPA1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling... PMID 21645531

GPR55

5 research sources 5 rows (926-934) Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (5)

Cannabinoids appears in rows about GPR55 mechanisms. It currently draws from 5 research source(s), and mechanistic evidence should stay separate from human-outcome evidence. PMID 28826536

Read this bucket as mechanism or pharmacology context. Mechanisms can make the biology easier to understand, but they are not the same thing as a demonstrated effect in people. PMID 28826536

Evidence row 926
Cannabinoids modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling,... PMID 28826536
Evidence row 934
Cannabinoids modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 20370712

Human evidence, mechanisms, and safety are different lanes

This page currently separates human evidence (2 row(s)), mechanistic evidence (50 row(s)), and safety/tolerability context (20 row(s)). That separation is the heart of the site. Mechanistic evidence can make a topic biologically interesting, but it should not silently become a human outcome. PMID 39288632

Human evidence still depends on population, dose, route, duration, product identity, and endpoint. Safety rows belong in the same reading path as benefit-oriented rows because formulation, co-exposures, prescription medications, impairment context, and higher-risk populations can change how close a source is to a reader's question. PMID 33636308

What this does and does not mean

It means the page has a traceable source trail. It does not mean every bucket has the same clinical strength. PMID 37729034
It means mechanisms, animal models, human studies, safety rows, and insufficient-evidence rows are being kept visible as separate evidence types. PMID 38176407
It does not turn a preclinical mechanism into a consumer recommendation, and it does not treat one product, dose, route, or population as interchangeable with another. PMID 32943535

How to use the source table

The source-backed evidence table below is the audit trail. Each row keeps a public sentence connected to a source record when a PubMed ID or DOI is available. If a sentence feels important, the reader should be able to click through, inspect the study type, and decide whether the source is close to the question they care about. PMID 39288632

This is why the public page is intentionally layered. The top gives the reader a fast orientation. The bucket table groups repeated rows into readable topics. The article body explains the buckets using the actual evidence-row language. The source notes below walk through every evidence row before the source table repeats the technical trace. PMID 33636308

Source-reading checklist for Cannabinoids

Open the linked PubMed or DOI record. PMID 25439854
Check whether the source studied humans, animals, cells, chemistry, pharmacology, product testing, or a review of prior literature. PMID 37651516
Compare the source product, dose, route, population, and endpoint to the question being asked. PMID 40353977
Look for safety, tolerability, drug-interaction, impairment, pregnancy, pediatric, psychiatric, cardiovascular, and product-quality context before treating the bucket as settled. PMID 40121379
Return to the evidence table when the article summary sounds too broad; the row is the audit unit. PMID 25479151

Source Notes

Cannabinoids source-by-source reading notes

These notes pull every evidence row on this page into the readable article body before the source table repeats the audit trail. Each note keeps the row language beside the PubMed or DOI link when available.

Evidence row 93
Cannabinoids studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 41142233
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Pharmacologic treatment of fibromyalgia: an update.
Evidence row 94
Cannabinoids studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 21845389
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: The safety of studies with intravenous Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol in humans, with case histories.
Evidence row 95
Cannabinoids studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 41548880
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: Cannabis-based medicines for chronic neuropathic pain in adults.
Evidence row 96
Cannabinoids studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 40708053
Evidence class: insufficient. Source: Psychedelic use in individuals living with eating disorders or disordered eating: findings from the international MED-FED survey.
Evidence row 97
Cannabinoids studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 42158949
Evidence class: preliminary human. Source: Adverse events associated with medical cannabis reported within a centralized call center.
Evidence row 100
Cannabinoids studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts). PMID 35903331
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Pharmacokinetics of Cannabis and Its Derivatives in Animals and Humans During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding.
Evidence row 102
Cannabinoids studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts). PMID 34035677
Evidence class: insufficient. Source: Management of Pediatric Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome: A Review.
Evidence row 104
Cannabinoids studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts). PMID 36730710
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: Cannabis Use in Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Evidence row 105
Cannabinoids studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts). PMID 37729034
Evidence class: preliminary human. Source: Variation in Hospital Practices Regarding Marijuana Use in Pregnancy and Lactation.
Evidence row 153
Cannabinoids studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 38176407
Evidence class: insufficient. Source: Prevalence of carboxy-Δ8-tetrahydrocannabiniol in antidoping samples.
Evidence row 180
Cannabinoids studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts). PMID 32943535
Evidence class: insufficient. Source: Long-term Cognitive, Psychological, and Health Outcomes Associated With Child Abuse and Neglect.
Evidence row 181
Cannabinoids studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts). PMID 25439854
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: [Consequences of tobacco, cocaine and cannabis consumption during pregnancy on the pregnancy itself, on the newborn and on child development: A review].
Evidence row 182
Cannabinoids studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts). PMID 37651516
Evidence class: insufficient. Source: Smoke Alarm.
Evidence row 184
Cannabinoids studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts). PMID 40353977
Evidence class: insufficient. Source: Maternal cannabis use in pregnancy, perinatal outcomes, and cognitive development in offspring: a longitudinal analysis of the ALSPAC cohort using paternal cannabis use as a negative control exposure.
Evidence row 185
Cannabinoids studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts). PMID 40121379
Evidence class: insufficient. Source: Longitudinal Associations Between Cannabis Use during Pregnancy and Child Cognitive, Motor, and Language Development at 2 Years Old.
Evidence row 187
Cannabinoids studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts). PMID 25479151
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Pharmacological management of chronic neuropathic pain: revised consensus statement from the Canadian Pain Society.
Evidence row 189
Cannabinoids studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts). PMID 42057496
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: An Overview of Cannabinoid Interactions With Common Pediatric Antineoplastic Agents.
Evidence row 190
Cannabinoids studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts). PMID 32661188
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Marijuana and the Pediatric Population.
Evidence row 195
Cannabinoids studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts). PMID 37330589
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabis for morning sickness: areas for intervention to decrease cannabis consumption during pregnancy.
Evidence row 206
Cannabinoids modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms). PMID 39288632
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) modulators: A patent review (2016-2024).
Evidence row 207
Cannabinoids modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms). PMID 33636308
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Cellular or in vitro study. Source: Oxa-adamantyl cannabinoids.
Evidence row 208
Cannabinoids modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms). PMID 18537620
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptor ligand specificity and the development of CB2-selective agonists.
Evidence row 211
Cannabinoids modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms). PMID 28826536
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoid Receptor-Related Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptors.
Evidence row 212
Cannabinoids modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms). PMID 30767756
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: New Insights in Cannabinoid Receptor Structure and Signaling.
Evidence row 219
Cannabinoids studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 42309106
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Relationships between cannabis use and mental disorders: assessing the coherence of evidence from studies with different methodologies.
Evidence row 220
Cannabinoids studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 20562767
Evidence class: insufficient. Source: Cannabis and psychiatric disorders.
Evidence row 223
Cannabinoids studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preclinical (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 36603937
Evidence class: preclinical; Study design: Animal study. Source: Increased vulnerability to atrial and ventricular arrhythmias caused by different types of inhaled tobacco or marijuana products.
Evidence row 234
Cannabinoids studied for Cannabinoids and nausea/vomiting research outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: Cannabinoids and nausea/vomiting research outcomes). PMID 36791365
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Diagnosis and Management of Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome: A Critical Review.
Evidence row 235
Cannabinoids studied for Cannabinoids and nausea/vomiting research outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: Cannabinoids and nausea/vomiting research outcomes). PMID 38478773
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Cannabis and Cannabinoids in Adults With Cancer: ASCO Guideline.
Evidence row 236
Cannabinoids studied for Cannabinoids and nausea/vomiting research outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: Cannabinoids and nausea/vomiting research outcomes). PMID 29168289
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Cannabinoids for nausea and vomiting related to chemotherapy: Overview of systematic reviews.
Evidence row 239
Cannabinoids studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 30771373
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Prenatal cannabinoid exposure and altered neurotransmission.
Evidence row 242
Cannabinoids studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 42076122
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoids for Dermatological Applications: Mechanistic Insights, Clinical Evidence, and Emerging Nanotechnology-Enabled Delivery Strategies.
Evidence row 244
Cannabinoids studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 23974649
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: [Not all drugs are the same].
Evidence row 259
Cannabinoids modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms). PMID 21557733
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Allosteric modulation of glycine receptors.
Evidence row 263
Cannabinoids modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms). PMID 35091505
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Mu Opioid Receptors Acutely Regulate Adenosine Signaling in Striatal Glutamate Afferents.
Evidence row 264
Cannabinoids modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms). PMID 15589342
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Sampling glutamate and GABA with microdialysis: suggestions on how to get the dialysis membrane closer to the synapse.
Evidence row 266
Cannabinoids modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms). PMID 33631255
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Tolerance to alcohol: A critical yet understudied factor in alcohol addiction.
Evidence row 267
Cannabinoids modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms). PMID 11347816
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Cellular or in vitro study. Source: Activation of nicotinic receptors on GABAergic amacrine cells in the rabbit retina indirectly stimulates dopamine release.
Evidence row 274
Cannabinoids studied for Cannabinoids and immune modulation research outcomes; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: Cannabinoids and immune modulation research outcomes). PMID 39334169
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Modulation of cannabinoid receptor 2 alters neuroinflammation and reduces formation of alpha-synuclein aggregates in a rat model of nigral synucleinopathy.
Evidence row 275
Cannabinoids studied for Cannabinoids and immune modulation research outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: Cannabinoids and immune modulation research outcomes). PMID 37164044
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: CB2 receptor in the CNS: From immune and neuronal modulation to behavior.
Evidence row 276
Cannabinoids studied for Cannabinoids and immune modulation research outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: Cannabinoids and immune modulation research outcomes). PMID 16596771
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoid receptor signaling.
Evidence row 315
Cannabinoids studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 17005273
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Marijuana as a trigger of cardiovascular events: speculation or scientific certainty?
Evidence row 318
Cannabinoids studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 30964363
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Cannabis use and acute coronary syndrome.
Evidence row 328
Cannabinoids studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 31471034
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Pesticides and trace elements in cannabis: Analytical and environmental challenges and opportunities.
Evidence row 330
Cannabinoids studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 27683558
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Current Therapeutic Cannabis Controversies and Clinical Trial Design Issues.
Evidence row 337
Cannabinoids studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 34785006
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabis and the skin.
Evidence row 338
Cannabinoids studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 30142706
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Cannabinoids in dermatology: a scoping review.
Evidence row 358
Cannabinoids modulates TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms). PMID 33155670
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential vanilloid channels: structural insights into ligand-dependent activation.
Evidence row 374
Cannabinoids studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 29678279
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: The Psychiatric Consequences of Cannabinoids.
Evidence row 376
Cannabinoids studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 32271390
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: Prevalence of Cannabis Withdrawal Symptoms Among People With Regular or Dependent Use of Cannabinoids: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Evidence row 806
Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 33636308
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Cellular or in vitro study. Source: Oxa-adamantyl cannabinoids.
Evidence row 807
Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 18537620
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptor ligand specificity and the development of CB2-selective agonists.
Evidence row 811
Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 38101408
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological. Source: Snapshot of the cannabinoid receptor 1-arrestin complex unravels the biased signaling mechanism.
Evidence row 812
Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 40044849
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: A cryptic pocket in CB1 drives peripheral and functional selectivity.
Evidence row 813
Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 28527758
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Modulation of CB1 cannabinoid receptor by allosteric ligands: Pharmacology and therapeutic opportunities.
Evidence row 817
Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 10469884
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Pharmacology of cannabinoid receptor ligands.
Evidence row 819
Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 9974174
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: The CB1 cannabinoid receptor in the brain.
Evidence row 820
Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 34500853
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor Signaling and Biased Signaling.
Evidence row 821
Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 30333554
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Translational potential of allosteric modulators targeting the cannabinoid CB1 receptor.
Evidence row 823
Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 38675703
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: CB1 Receptor Negative Allosteric Modulators as a Potential Tool to Reverse Cannabinoid Toxicity.
Evidence row 824
Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 16113085
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Allosteric modulation of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor.
Evidence row 826
Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 28103441
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Enantiospecific Allosteric Modulation of Cannabinoid 1 Receptor.
Evidence row 828
Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 29355038
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological. Source: The future of type 1 cannabinoid receptor allosteric ligands.
Evidence row 829
Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 25162172
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological. Source: Diarylureas as allosteric modulators of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor: structure-activity relationship studies on 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-{3-[6-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl]phenyl}urea (PSNCBAM-1).
Evidence row 831
Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 29355030
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Allosteric modulators of cannabinoid receptor 1: developing compounds for improved specificity.
Evidence row 834
Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 39695122
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological. Source: Structural mechanism of CB1R binding to peripheral and biased inverse agonists.
Evidence row 835
Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 41559687
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Targeting mechanosensitive cannabinoid receptor 1 with isoflavone prodrugs attenuates atherosclerotic endothelial dysfunction.
Evidence row 838
Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 31490743
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Computational Analysis of Dipyrone Metabolite 4-Aminoantipyrine As A Cannabinoid Receptor 1 Agonist.
Evidence row 839
Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB1 neurobehavioral, appetite, metabolic, pain, cognition, or synaptic mechanisms). PMID 30767756
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: New Insights in Cannabinoid Receptor Structure and Signaling.
Evidence row 840
Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB1 neurobehavioral, appetite, metabolic, pain, cognition, or synaptic mechanisms). PMID 28527758
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Modulation of CB1 cannabinoid receptor by allosteric ligands: Pharmacology and therapeutic opportunities.
Evidence row 841
Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB1 neurobehavioral, appetite, metabolic, pain, cognition, or synaptic mechanisms). PMID 20590557
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoid CB1 receptor-interacting proteins: novel targets for central nervous system drug discovery?
Evidence row 844
Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB1 neurobehavioral, appetite, metabolic, pain, cognition, or synaptic mechanisms). PMID 17895407
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: CB1 cannabinoid receptor activity is modulated by the cannabinoid receptor interacting protein CRIP 1a.
Evidence row 845
Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB1 neurobehavioral, appetite, metabolic, pain, cognition, or synaptic mechanisms). PMID 31771126
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Allosteric Modulation of Cannabinoid Receptor 1-Current Challenges and Future Opportunities.
Evidence row 851
Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB1 neurobehavioral, appetite, metabolic, pain, cognition, or synaptic mechanisms). PMID 36088492
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Peripheral CB1 receptor blockade acts as a memory enhancer through a noradrenergic mechanism.
Evidence row 852
Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB1 neurobehavioral, appetite, metabolic, pain, cognition, or synaptic mechanisms). PMID 35429587
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Role of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor in methamphetamine-induced social and recognition memory impairment.
Evidence row 854
Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB1 neurobehavioral, appetite, metabolic, pain, cognition, or synaptic mechanisms). PMID 31491589
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Adipocyte cannabinoid CB1 receptor deficiency alleviates high fat diet-induced memory deficit, depressive-like behavior, neuroinflammation and impairment in adult neurogenesis.
Evidence row 856
Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB1 neurobehavioral, appetite, metabolic, pain, cognition, or synaptic mechanisms). PMID 27828947
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: A cannabinoid link between mitochondria and memory.
Evidence row 859
Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: CB1 neurobehavioral, appetite, metabolic, pain, cognition, or synaptic mechanisms). PMID 35595026
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Cross state-dependent memory retrieval between cannabinoid CB1 and serotonergic 5-HT1A receptor agonists in the mouse dorsal hippocampus.
Evidence row 860
Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB1 neurobehavioral, appetite, metabolic, pain, cognition, or synaptic mechanisms). PMID 38482984
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Adenosine receptors are the on-and-off switch of astrocytic cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor effect upon synaptic plasticity in the medial prefrontal cortex.
Evidence row 864
Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 39288632
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) modulators: A patent review (2016-2024).
Evidence row 865
Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 18537620
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptor ligand specificity and the development of CB2-selective agonists.
Evidence row 869
Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 10469884
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Pharmacology of cannabinoid receptor ligands.
Evidence row 873
Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 9336020
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Pharmacology of cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors.
Evidence row 875
Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 34684770
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: The Spicy Story of Cannabimimetic Indoles.
Evidence row 877
Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 32004460
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological. Source: Cryo-EM Structure of the Human Cannabinoid Receptor CB2-Gi Signaling Complex.
Evidence row 878
Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 28220706
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological. Source: Human Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Ligand-Interaction Motif: Transmembrane Helix 2 Cysteine, C2.59(89), as Determinant of Classical Cannabinoid Agonist Activity and Binding Pose.
Evidence row 879
Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 36889269
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: A Cannabinoid Type 2 (CB2) Receptor Agonist Augments NOS-Dependent Responses of Cerebral Arterioles During Type 1 Diabetes.
Evidence row 881
Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 11514083
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological. Source: CB2 cannabinoid receptor-mediated peripheral antinociception.
Evidence row 882
Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 27215781
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) agonists and antagonists: a patent update.
Evidence row 883
Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 16563625
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: CB2 cannabinoid receptor mediation of antinociception.
Evidence row 884
Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 36058263
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: The Cannabinoid-2 receptor agonist, 1-phenylisatin, protects against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice.
Evidence row 885
Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 34774714
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological. Source: Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2 Agonist Reduces Morphine Tolerance via Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase Induction and Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Dephosphorylation.
Evidence row 886
Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 27608434
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: The cannabinoid CB2 receptor-specific agonist AM1241 increases pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure severity in Wistar rats.
Evidence row 891
Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms). PMID 37349984
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoid CB2 receptor orthologues; in vitro function and perspectives for preclinical to clinical translation.
Evidence row 895
Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms). PMID 39334169
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Modulation of cannabinoid receptor 2 alters neuroinflammation and reduces formation of alpha-synuclein aggregates in a rat model of nigral synucleinopathy.
Evidence row 896
Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms). PMID 19152719
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Emerging role of the cannabinoid receptor CB2 in immune regulation: therapeutic prospects for neuroinflammation.
Evidence row 897
Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms). PMID 38662453
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Type 2 cannabinoid receptor expression on microglial cells regulates neuroinflammation during graft-versus-host disease.
Evidence row 898
Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms). PMID 22197668
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: CB₂: therapeutic target-in-waiting.
Evidence row 899
Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms). PMID 39173999
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Cannabinoid CB2 receptors enhance high-fat diet evoked peripheral neuroinflammation.
Evidence row 901
Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms). PMID 36475439
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological. Source: Cannabinoid receptor 2 evolutionary gene loss makes parrots more susceptible to neuroinflammation.
Evidence row 904
Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms). PMID 30666359
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Cannabinoid receptor 2 activation mitigates lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation and sickness behavior in mice.
Evidence row 905
Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms). PMID 29794855
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: An overview of the cannabinoid type 2 receptor system and its therapeutic potential.
Evidence row 906
Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms). PMID 37286073
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Conditional deletion of CB2 cannabinoid receptors from peripheral sensory neurons eliminates CB2-mediated antinociceptive efficacy in a mouse model of carrageenan-induced inflammatory pain.
Evidence row 909
Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms). PMID 38751621
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Enantiomeric Agonists of the Type 2 Cannabinoid Receptor Reduce Retinal Damage during Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy and Inhibit Hyperactive Microglia In Vitro.
Evidence row 910
Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms). PMID 20236042
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: The development of cannabinoid CBII receptor agonists for the treatment of central neuropathies.
Evidence row 911
Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms). PMID 12823482
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Induction of CB2 receptor expression in the rat spinal cord of neuropathic but not inflammatory chronic pain models.
Evidence row 912
Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms). PMID 30414958
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Cannabinoid Type 2 Receptor System Modulates Paclitaxel-Induced Microglial Dysregulation and Central Sensitization in Rats.
Evidence row 914
Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms). PMID 41875735
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: A sesquiterpene-rich essential oil from Cannabis sativa L. attenuates symptoms and neuroinflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model through a CB2-mediated signalling.
Evidence row 915
Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms). PMID 40332343
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Cellular or in vitro study. Source: Effects of CB2 Receptor Modulation on Macrophage Polarization in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Evidence row 916
Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms). PMID 41383775
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: CB2 cannabinoid receptor-specific therapeutic antibody agonists for treatment of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.
Evidence row 918
Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms). PMID 40791361
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Cellular or in vitro study. Source: Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Activating Antibodies: A Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Macrophage-Driven Fibro-Inflammatory Diseases.
Evidence row 919
Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms). PMID 40943579
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoid Receptor 2 (CB2) in Macrophages: A Promising Clinical Target for Immune Disorders.
Evidence row 921
Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms). PMID 41310604
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Cannabinoid receptor 2 affect the inflammatory response in periodontitis by regulating macrophage M1/M2 polarization.
Evidence row 923
Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms). PMID 32471272
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2: A Possible Target in SARS-CoV-2 (CoV-19) Infection?
Evidence row 924
Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms). PMID 39538989
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Cellular or in vitro study. Source: Cannabinoid receptor type 2 agonist GP1a attenuates macrophage activation induced by M. bovis-BCG by inhibiting NF-κB signaling.
Evidence row 925
Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms). PMID 41740200
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Cellular or in vitro study. Source: Cannabinoid receptor 2 activating antibodies: A promising therapeutic strategy for macrophage-driven fibro-inflammatory diseases.
Evidence row 926
Cannabinoids modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 28826536
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoid Receptor-Related Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptors.
Evidence row 928
Cannabinoids modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 19233486
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: The enigmatic pharmacology of GPR55.
Evidence row 932
Cannabinoids modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 26669245
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: GPR55 - a putative "type 3" cannabinoid receptor in inflammation.
Evidence row 933
Cannabinoids modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 27835801
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoid receptor ligand bias: implications in the central nervous system.
Evidence row 934
Cannabinoids modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 20370712
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: GPR55, a lysophosphatidylinositol receptor with cannabinoid sensitivity?
Evidence row 944
Cannabinoids modulates GPR18; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 28826536
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoid Receptor-Related Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptors.
Evidence row 945
Cannabinoids modulates GPR18; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 27835801
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoid receptor ligand bias: implications in the central nervous system.
Evidence row 951
Cannabinoids modulates GPR18; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 40562148
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological. Source: Structural insights into the activation of G protein-coupled receptor 119 by the agonist GSK1292263 and ligands selectivity among novel cannabinoid receptors.
Evidence row 974
Cannabinoids modulates TRPV1; evidence class: preclinical (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPV1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 40465624
Evidence class: preclinical; Study design: Animal study. Source: The analgesic paracetamol metabolite AM404 acts peripherally to directly inhibit sodium channels.
Evidence row 975
Cannabinoids modulates TRPV1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 16109430
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoid signalling.
Evidence row 981
Cannabinoids modulates TRPV1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 32738201
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Modulation of TRPV1 channel function by natural products in the treatment of pain.
Evidence row 997
Cannabinoids modulates TRPV2; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV2 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 19070372
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Role of ionotropic cannabinoid receptors in peripheral antinociception and antihyperalgesia.
Evidence row 1011
Cannabinoids modulates TRPV3; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV3 channel activity, binding, signaling, dermatology-relevant mechanism, or pharmacology). PMID 20942817
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Pharmacogenetics of new analgesics.
Evidence row 1014
Cannabinoids modulates TRPV3; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: TRPV3 channel activity, binding, signaling, dermatology-relevant mechanism, or pharmacology). PMID 26845556
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: A Systematic Review of Plant-Derived Natural Compounds for Anxiety Disorders.
Evidence row 1020
Cannabinoids modulates TRPV4; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV4 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 19070372
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Role of ionotropic cannabinoid receptors in peripheral antinociception and antihyperalgesia.
Evidence row 1022
Cannabinoids modulates TRPV4; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPV4 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 32051870
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Modification of TRPV4 activity by acetaminophen.
Evidence row 1024
Cannabinoids modulates TRPV4; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV4 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 29470146
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Toward an effective peripheral visceral analgesic: responding to the national opioid crisis.
Evidence row 1026
Cannabinoids modulates TRPV4; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPV4 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 41802611
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Peripheral cannabinoid receptor activation attenuates frostbite-induced chronic pain via modulation of TRP channels, neuroinflammation, and autophagy.
Evidence row 1034
Cannabinoids modulates TRPA1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPA1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 19070372
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Role of ionotropic cannabinoid receptors in peripheral antinociception and antihyperalgesia.
Evidence row 1035
Cannabinoids modulates TRPA1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPA1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 32051870
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Modification of TRPV4 activity by acetaminophen.
Evidence row 1036
Cannabinoids modulates TRPA1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPA1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 24756722
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: TRPA1.
Evidence row 1038
Cannabinoids modulates TRPA1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPA1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 38219731
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Affinin, Isolated from Heliopsis longipes, Induces an Antihypertensive Effect That Involves CB1 Cannabinoid Receptors and TRPA1 and TRPV1 Channel Activation.
Evidence row 1040
Cannabinoids modulates TRPA1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPA1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 21727026
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: G-protein coupled receptors regulating cough.
Evidence row 1042
Cannabinoids modulates TRPA1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPA1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 21645531
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Cannabinoid receptor antagonists AM251 and AM630 activate TRPA1 in sensory neurons.
Evidence row 1054
Cannabinoids modulates TRPM8; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPM8 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 19070372
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Role of ionotropic cannabinoid receptors in peripheral antinociception and antihyperalgesia.
Evidence row 1055
Cannabinoids modulates TRPM8; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPM8 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 29470146
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Toward an effective peripheral visceral analgesic: responding to the national opioid crisis.
Evidence row 1060
Cannabinoids modulates TRPM8; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPM8 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 21622235
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Effects of opioids, cannabinoids, and vanilloids on body temperature.

Source Trail

Source-backed evidence table and references

127 research sources

This section is the technical source layer under the overview. It keeps grouped evidence buckets, evidence rows, PubMed or DOI links, related pages, and references visible for audit and revision.

Plain-Language Summary

This page has 143 source-backed evidence row(s) from 127 source(s).

Identity

Canonical name: cannabinoids
Type: other
Subtype: compound_class
Description: Broad cannabinoid class entry for cross-compound safety and population evidence.

Evidence Snapshot

Evidence rows: 143
Sources: 127
Evidence classes: insufficient (87), mechanistic or pharmacological (50), preclinical (2), preliminary human (4)
Draft sections: human evidence (2), mechanistic evidence (50), preclinical evidence (1), safety (20), uncertainty (70)

Key Draft Sections

Human evidence: 2 evidence row(s).
Safety and tolerability: 20 evidence row(s).
Uncertainty and gaps: 70 evidence row(s).
Preclinical evidence: 1 evidence row(s).
Mechanistic evidence: 50 evidence row(s).

Evidence Relationships

Subject	Relationship	Object Or Focus	Evidence Summary	Sources	Evidence Rows
Cannabinoids	studied for	Cannabinoids and immune modulation research outcomes	Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (2), mechanistic or pharmacological (1)	3	3 rows (274-276)
Cannabinoids	studied for	Cannabinoids and nausea/vomiting research outcomes	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (3)	3	3 rows (234-236)
Cannabinoids	modulates	CB1	Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (13), mechanistic or pharmacological (16)	28	29 rows (806-860)
Cannabinoids	modulates	CB2	Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (13), mechanistic or pharmacological (24)	37	37 rows (864-925)
Cannabinoids	modulates	GPR18	Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (2), mechanistic or pharmacological (1)	3	3 rows (944-951)
Cannabinoids	modulates	GPR55	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (5)	5	5 rows (926-934)
Cannabinoids	studied for	pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts	Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (11), preliminary human (2)	13	13 rows (100-195)
Cannabinoids	modulates	receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms	Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (7), mechanistic or pharmacological (3)	10	10 rows (206-267)
Cannabinoids	studied for	safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns	Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (5), preliminary human (1)	6	6 rows (93-153)
Cannabinoids	studied for	safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns	Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (12), preclinical (1), preliminary human (1)	14	14 rows (219-376)
Cannabinoids	modulates	TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (1)	1	358
Cannabinoids	modulates	TRPA1	Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (3), mechanistic or pharmacological (3)	6	6 rows (1034-1042)
Cannabinoids	modulates	TRPM8	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (3)	3	3 rows (1054-1060)
Cannabinoids	modulates	TRPV1	Preclinical research summary: insufficient (2), preclinical (1)	3	3 rows (974-981)
Cannabinoids	modulates	TRPV2	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (1)	1	997
Cannabinoids	modulates	TRPV3	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (2)	2	2 rows (1011-1014)
Cannabinoids	modulates	TRPV4	Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (2), mechanistic or pharmacological (2)	4	4 rows (1020-1026)

Source-Backed Evidence Table

Evidence Row	Statement	Source
93	Cannabinoids studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns).	Pharmacologic treatment of fibromyalgia: an update.PubMed 41142233 DOI 10.3389/fphar.2025.1651181
94	Cannabinoids studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns).	The safety of studies with intravenous Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol in humans, with case histories.PubMed 21845389 DOI 10.1007/s00213-011-2417-y
95	Cannabinoids studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns).	Cannabis-based medicines for chronic neuropathic pain in adults.PubMed 41548880 DOI 10.1002/14651858.cd012182.pub3
96	Cannabinoids studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns).	Psychedelic use in individuals living with eating disorders or disordered eating: findings from the international MED-FED survey.PubMed 40708053 DOI 10.1186/s40337-025-01328-5
97	Cannabinoids studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns).	Adverse events associated with medical cannabis reported within a centralized call center.PubMed 42158949 DOI 10.3389/fphar.2026.1792520
100	Cannabinoids studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts).	Pharmacokinetics of Cannabis and Its Derivatives in Animals and Humans During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding.PubMed 35903331 DOI 10.3389/fphar.2022.919630
102	Cannabinoids studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts).	Management of Pediatric Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome: A Review.PubMed 34035677 DOI 10.5863/1551-6776-26.4.339
104	Cannabinoids studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts).	Cannabis Use in Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.PubMed 36730710 DOI 10.1089/can.2022.0262
105	Cannabinoids studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts).	Variation in Hospital Practices Regarding Marijuana Use in Pregnancy and Lactation.PubMed 37729034 DOI 10.1089/bfm.2023.0138
153	Cannabinoids studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns).	Prevalence of carboxy-Δ8-tetrahydrocannabiniol in antidoping samples.PubMed 38176407 DOI 10.1002/dta.3631
180	Cannabinoids studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts).	Long-term Cognitive, Psychological, and Health Outcomes Associated With Child Abuse and Neglect.PubMed 32943535 DOI 10.1542/peds.2020-0438
181	Cannabinoids studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts).	[Consequences of tobacco, cocaine and cannabis consumption during pregnancy on the pregnancy itself, on the newborn and on child development: A review].PubMed 25439854 DOI 10.1016/j.encep.2014.08.012
182	Cannabinoids studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts).	Smoke Alarm.PubMed 37651516 DOI 10.1126/science.adk5505
184	Cannabinoids studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts).	Maternal cannabis use in pregnancy, perinatal outcomes, and cognitive development in offspring: a longitudinal analysis of the ALSPAC cohort using paternal cannabis use as a negative control exposure.PubMed 40353977 DOI 10.1007/s10654-025-01233-w
185	Cannabinoids studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts).	Longitudinal Associations Between Cannabis Use during Pregnancy and Child Cognitive, Motor, and Language Development at 2 Years Old.PubMed 40121379 DOI 10.1007/s10995-025-04077-8
187	Cannabinoids studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts).	Pharmacological management of chronic neuropathic pain: revised consensus statement from the Canadian Pain Society.PubMed 25479151 DOI 10.1155/2014/754693
189	Cannabinoids studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts).	An Overview of Cannabinoid Interactions With Common Pediatric Antineoplastic Agents.PubMed 42057496 DOI 10.1002/1545-5017.70336
190	Cannabinoids studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts).	Marijuana and the Pediatric Population.PubMed 32661188 DOI 10.1542/peds.2019-2629
195	Cannabinoids studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts).	Cannabis for morning sickness: areas for intervention to decrease cannabis consumption during pregnancy.PubMed 37330589 DOI 10.1186/s42238-023-00184-x
206	Cannabinoids modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms).	Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) modulators: A patent review (2016-2024).PubMed 39288632 DOI 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107775
207	Cannabinoids modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms).	Oxa-adamantyl cannabinoids.PubMed 33636308 DOI 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127882
208	Cannabinoids modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms).	Cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptor ligand specificity and the development of CB2-selective agonists.PubMed 18537620 DOI 10.2174/092986708784567716
211	Cannabinoids modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms).	Cannabinoid Receptor-Related Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptors.PubMed 28826536 DOI 10.1016/bs.apha.2017.04.004
212	Cannabinoids modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms).	New Insights in Cannabinoid Receptor Structure and Signaling.PubMed 30767756 DOI 10.2174/1874467212666190215112036
219	Cannabinoids studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Relationships between cannabis use and mental disorders: assessing the coherence of evidence from studies with different methodologies.PubMed 42309106 DOI 10.1016/s2215-0366(26
220	Cannabinoids studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Cannabis and psychiatric disorders.PubMed 20562767
223	Cannabinoids studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preclinical (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Increased vulnerability to atrial and ventricular arrhythmias caused by different types of inhaled tobacco or marijuana products.PubMed 36603937 DOI 10.1016/j.hrthm.2022.09.021
234	Cannabinoids studied for Cannabinoids and nausea/vomiting research outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: Cannabinoids and nausea/vomiting research outcomes).	Diagnosis and Management of Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome: A Critical Review.PubMed 36791365 DOI 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002216
235	Cannabinoids studied for Cannabinoids and nausea/vomiting research outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: Cannabinoids and nausea/vomiting research outcomes).	Cannabis and Cannabinoids in Adults With Cancer: ASCO Guideline.PubMed 38478773 DOI 10.1200/jco.23.02596
236	Cannabinoids studied for Cannabinoids and nausea/vomiting research outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: Cannabinoids and nausea/vomiting research outcomes).	Cannabinoids for nausea and vomiting related to chemotherapy: Overview of systematic reviews.PubMed 29168289 DOI 10.1002/ptr.5975
239	Cannabinoids studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Prenatal cannabinoid exposure and altered neurotransmission.PubMed 30771373 DOI 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.02.018
242	Cannabinoids studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Cannabinoids for Dermatological Applications: Mechanistic Insights, Clinical Evidence, and Emerging Nanotechnology-Enabled Delivery Strategies.PubMed 42076122 DOI 10.3390/pharmaceutics18040469
244	Cannabinoids studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	[Not all drugs are the same].PubMed 23974649 DOI 10.1007/s00063-013-0219-1
259	Cannabinoids modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms).	Allosteric modulation of glycine receptors.PubMed 21557733 DOI 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01471.x
263	Cannabinoids modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms).	Mu Opioid Receptors Acutely Regulate Adenosine Signaling in Striatal Glutamate Afferents.PubMed 35091505 DOI 10.1523/jneurosci.1039-21.2022
264	Cannabinoids modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms).	Sampling glutamate and GABA with microdialysis: suggestions on how to get the dialysis membrane closer to the synapse.PubMed 15589342 DOI 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2004.04.039
266	Cannabinoids modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms).	Tolerance to alcohol: A critical yet understudied factor in alcohol addiction.PubMed 33631255 DOI 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173155
267	Cannabinoids modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms).	Activation of nicotinic receptors on GABAergic amacrine cells in the rabbit retina indirectly stimulates dopamine release.PubMed 11347816 DOI 10.1017/s0952523801181058
274	Cannabinoids studied for Cannabinoids and immune modulation research outcomes; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: Cannabinoids and immune modulation research outcomes).	Modulation of cannabinoid receptor 2 alters neuroinflammation and reduces formation of alpha-synuclein aggregates in a rat model of nigral synucleinopathy.PubMed 39334169 DOI 10.1186/s12974-024-03221-5
275	Cannabinoids studied for Cannabinoids and immune modulation research outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: Cannabinoids and immune modulation research outcomes).	CB2 receptor in the CNS: From immune and neuronal modulation to behavior.PubMed 37164044 DOI 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105226
276	Cannabinoids studied for Cannabinoids and immune modulation research outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: Cannabinoids and immune modulation research outcomes).	Cannabinoid receptor signaling.PubMed 16596771 DOI 10.1007/3-540-26573-2_2
315	Cannabinoids studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Marijuana as a trigger of cardiovascular events: speculation or scientific certainty?PubMed 17005273 DOI 10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.08.001
318	Cannabinoids studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Cannabis use and acute coronary syndrome.PubMed 30964363 DOI 10.1080/15563650.2019.1601735
328	Cannabinoids studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Pesticides and trace elements in cannabis: Analytical and environmental challenges and opportunities.PubMed 31471034 DOI 10.1016/j.jes.2019.04.028
330	Cannabinoids studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Current Therapeutic Cannabis Controversies and Clinical Trial Design Issues.PubMed 27683558 DOI 10.3389/fphar.2016.00309
337	Cannabinoids studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Cannabis and the skin.PubMed 34785006 DOI 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2021.05.006
338	Cannabinoids studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Cannabinoids in dermatology: a scoping review.PubMed 30142706
358	Cannabinoids modulates TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms).	Temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential vanilloid channels: structural insights into ligand-dependent activation.PubMed 33155670 DOI 10.1111/bph.15310
374	Cannabinoids studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	The Psychiatric Consequences of Cannabinoids.PubMed 29678279 DOI 10.1016/j.clinthera.2018.03.013
376	Cannabinoids studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Prevalence of Cannabis Withdrawal Symptoms Among People With Regular or Dependent Use of Cannabinoids: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.PubMed 32271390 DOI 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.2370
806	Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms).	Oxa-adamantyl cannabinoids.PubMed 33636308 DOI 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127882
807	Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms).	Cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptor ligand specificity and the development of CB2-selective agonists.PubMed 18537620 DOI 10.2174/092986708784567716
811	Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms).	Snapshot of the cannabinoid receptor 1-arrestin complex unravels the biased signaling mechanism.PubMed 38101408 DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2023.11.017
812	Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms).	A cryptic pocket in CB1 drives peripheral and functional selectivity.PubMed 40044849 DOI 10.1038/s41586-025-08618-7
813	Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms).	Modulation of CB1 cannabinoid receptor by allosteric ligands: Pharmacology and therapeutic opportunities.PubMed 28527758 DOI 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.05.018
817	Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms).	Pharmacology of cannabinoid receptor ligands.PubMed 10469884
819	Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms).	The CB1 cannabinoid receptor in the brain.PubMed 9974174 DOI 10.1006/nbdi.1998.0215
820	Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms).	CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor Signaling and Biased Signaling.PubMed 34500853 DOI 10.3390/molecules26175413
821	Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms).	Translational potential of allosteric modulators targeting the cannabinoid CB1 receptor.PubMed 30333554 DOI 10.1038/s41401-018-0164-x
823	Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms).	CB1 Receptor Negative Allosteric Modulators as a Potential Tool to Reverse Cannabinoid Toxicity.PubMed 38675703 DOI 10.3390/molecules29081881
824	Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms).	Allosteric modulation of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor.PubMed 16113085 DOI 10.1124/mol.105.016162
826	Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms).	Enantiospecific Allosteric Modulation of Cannabinoid 1 Receptor.PubMed 28103441 DOI 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00310
828	Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms).	The future of type 1 cannabinoid receptor allosteric ligands.PubMed 29355038 DOI 10.1080/03602532.2018.1428341
829	Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms).	Diarylureas as allosteric modulators of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor: structure-activity relationship studies on 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-{3-[6-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl]phenyl}urea (PSNCBAM-1).PubMed 25162172 DOI 10.1021/jm501042u
831	Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms).	Allosteric modulators of cannabinoid receptor 1: developing compounds for improved specificity.PubMed 29355030 DOI 10.1080/03602532.2018.1428342
834	Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms).	Structural mechanism of CB1R binding to peripheral and biased inverse agonists.PubMed 39695122 DOI 10.1038/s41467-024-54206-0
835	Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms).	Targeting mechanosensitive cannabinoid receptor 1 with isoflavone prodrugs attenuates atherosclerotic endothelial dysfunction.PubMed 41559687 DOI 10.1186/s12929-026-01214-5
838	Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms).	Computational Analysis of Dipyrone Metabolite 4-Aminoantipyrine As A Cannabinoid Receptor 1 Agonist.PubMed 31490743 DOI 10.2174/0929867326666190906155339
839	Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB1 neurobehavioral, appetite, metabolic, pain, cognition, or synaptic mechanisms).	New Insights in Cannabinoid Receptor Structure and Signaling.PubMed 30767756 DOI 10.2174/1874467212666190215112036
840	Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB1 neurobehavioral, appetite, metabolic, pain, cognition, or synaptic mechanisms).	Modulation of CB1 cannabinoid receptor by allosteric ligands: Pharmacology and therapeutic opportunities.PubMed 28527758 DOI 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.05.018
841	Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB1 neurobehavioral, appetite, metabolic, pain, cognition, or synaptic mechanisms).	Cannabinoid CB1 receptor-interacting proteins: novel targets for central nervous system drug discovery?PubMed 20590557 DOI 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00777.x
844	Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB1 neurobehavioral, appetite, metabolic, pain, cognition, or synaptic mechanisms).	CB1 cannabinoid receptor activity is modulated by the cannabinoid receptor interacting protein CRIP 1a.PubMed 17895407 DOI 10.1124/mol.107.039263
845	Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB1 neurobehavioral, appetite, metabolic, pain, cognition, or synaptic mechanisms).	Allosteric Modulation of Cannabinoid Receptor 1-Current Challenges and Future Opportunities.PubMed 31771126 DOI 10.3390/ijms20235874
851	Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB1 neurobehavioral, appetite, metabolic, pain, cognition, or synaptic mechanisms).	Peripheral CB1 receptor blockade acts as a memory enhancer through a noradrenergic mechanism.PubMed 36088492 DOI 10.1038/s41386-022-01436-9
852	Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB1 neurobehavioral, appetite, metabolic, pain, cognition, or synaptic mechanisms).	Role of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor in methamphetamine-induced social and recognition memory impairment.PubMed 35429587 DOI 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136634
854	Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB1 neurobehavioral, appetite, metabolic, pain, cognition, or synaptic mechanisms).	Adipocyte cannabinoid CB1 receptor deficiency alleviates high fat diet-induced memory deficit, depressive-like behavior, neuroinflammation and impairment in adult neurogenesis.PubMed 31491589 DOI 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104418
856	Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB1 neurobehavioral, appetite, metabolic, pain, cognition, or synaptic mechanisms).	A cannabinoid link between mitochondria and memory.PubMed 27828947 DOI 10.1038/nature20127
859	Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: CB1 neurobehavioral, appetite, metabolic, pain, cognition, or synaptic mechanisms).	Cross state-dependent memory retrieval between cannabinoid CB1 and serotonergic 5-HT1A receptor agonists in the mouse dorsal hippocampus.PubMed 35595026 DOI 10.1016/j.nlm.2022.107638
860	Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB1 neurobehavioral, appetite, metabolic, pain, cognition, or synaptic mechanisms).	Adenosine receptors are the on-and-off switch of astrocytic cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor effect upon synaptic plasticity in the medial prefrontal cortex.PubMed 38482984 DOI 10.1002/glia.24518
864	Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms).	Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) modulators: A patent review (2016-2024).PubMed 39288632 DOI 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107775
865	Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms).	Cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptor ligand specificity and the development of CB2-selective agonists.PubMed 18537620 DOI 10.2174/092986708784567716
869	Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms).	Pharmacology of cannabinoid receptor ligands.PubMed 10469884
873	Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms).	Pharmacology of cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors.PubMed 9336020 DOI 10.1016/s0163-7258(97
875	Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms).	The Spicy Story of Cannabimimetic Indoles.PubMed 34684770 DOI 10.3390/molecules26206190
877	Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms).	Cryo-EM Structure of the Human Cannabinoid Receptor CB2-Gi Signaling Complex.PubMed 32004460 DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2020.01.007
878	Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms).	Human Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Ligand-Interaction Motif: Transmembrane Helix 2 Cysteine, C2.59(89), as Determinant of Classical Cannabinoid Agonist Activity and Binding Pose.PubMed 28220706 DOI 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00003
879	Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms).	A Cannabinoid Type 2 (CB2) Receptor Agonist Augments NOS-Dependent Responses of Cerebral Arterioles During Type 1 Diabetes.PubMed 36889269
881	Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms).	CB2 cannabinoid receptor-mediated peripheral antinociception.PubMed 11514083 DOI 10.1016/s0304-3959(01
882	Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms).	Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) agonists and antagonists: a patent update.PubMed 27215781 DOI 10.1080/13543776.2016.1193157
883	Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms).	CB2 cannabinoid receptor mediation of antinociception.PubMed 16563625 DOI 10.1016/j.pain.2005.12.018
884	Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms).	The Cannabinoid-2 receptor agonist, 1-phenylisatin, protects against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice.PubMed 36058263 DOI 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120928
885	Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms).	Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2 Agonist Reduces Morphine Tolerance via Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase Induction and Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Dephosphorylation.PubMed 34774714 DOI 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.11.007
886	Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms).	The cannabinoid CB2 receptor-specific agonist AM1241 increases pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure severity in Wistar rats.PubMed 27608434 DOI 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2016.08.011
891	Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms).	Cannabinoid CB2 receptor orthologues; in vitro function and perspectives for preclinical to clinical translation.PubMed 37349984 DOI 10.1111/bph.16172
895	Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms).	Modulation of cannabinoid receptor 2 alters neuroinflammation and reduces formation of alpha-synuclein aggregates in a rat model of nigral synucleinopathy.PubMed 39334169 DOI 10.1186/s12974-024-03221-5
896	Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms).	Emerging role of the cannabinoid receptor CB2 in immune regulation: therapeutic prospects for neuroinflammation.PubMed 19152719 DOI 10.1017/s1462399409000957
897	Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms).	Type 2 cannabinoid receptor expression on microglial cells regulates neuroinflammation during graft-versus-host disease.PubMed 38662453 DOI 10.1172/jci175205
898	Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms).	CB₂: therapeutic target-in-waiting.PubMed 22197668 DOI 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2011.12.001
899	Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms).	Cannabinoid CB2 receptors enhance high-fat diet evoked peripheral neuroinflammation.PubMed 39173999 DOI 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.123002
901	Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms).	Cannabinoid receptor 2 evolutionary gene loss makes parrots more susceptible to neuroinflammation.PubMed 36475439 DOI 10.1098/rspb.2022.1941
904	Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms).	Cannabinoid receptor 2 activation mitigates lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation and sickness behavior in mice.PubMed 30666359 DOI 10.1007/s00213-019-5166-y
905	Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms).	An overview of the cannabinoid type 2 receptor system and its therapeutic potential.PubMed 29794855 DOI 10.1097/aco.0000000000000616
906	Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms).	Conditional deletion of CB2 cannabinoid receptors from peripheral sensory neurons eliminates CB2-mediated antinociceptive efficacy in a mouse model of carrageenan-induced inflammatory pain.PubMed 37286073 DOI 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109601
909	Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms).	Enantiomeric Agonists of the Type 2 Cannabinoid Receptor Reduce Retinal Damage during Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy and Inhibit Hyperactive Microglia In Vitro.PubMed 38751621 DOI 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00014
910	Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms).	The development of cannabinoid CBII receptor agonists for the treatment of central neuropathies.PubMed 20236042 DOI 10.2174/187152410790780145
911	Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms).	Induction of CB2 receptor expression in the rat spinal cord of neuropathic but not inflammatory chronic pain models.PubMed 12823482 DOI 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02704.x
912	Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms).	Cannabinoid Type 2 Receptor System Modulates Paclitaxel-Induced Microglial Dysregulation and Central Sensitization in Rats.PubMed 30414958 DOI 10.1016/j.jpain.2018.10.007
914	Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms).	A sesquiterpene-rich essential oil from Cannabis sativa L. attenuates symptoms and neuroinflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model through a CB2-mediated signalling.PubMed 41875735 DOI 10.1016/j.phymed.2026.158068
915	Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms).	Effects of CB2 Receptor Modulation on Macrophage Polarization in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease.PubMed 40332343 DOI 10.3390/ijms26083720
916	Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms).	CB2 cannabinoid receptor-specific therapeutic antibody agonists for treatment of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.PubMed 41383775 DOI 10.1101/2025.11.26.690750
918	Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms).	Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Activating Antibodies: A Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Macrophage-Driven Fibro-Inflammatory Diseases.PubMed 40791361 DOI 10.1101/2025.07.11.664477
919	Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms).	Cannabinoid Receptor 2 (CB2) in Macrophages: A Promising Clinical Target for Immune Disorders.PubMed 40943579 DOI 10.3390/ijms26178657
921	Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms).	Cannabinoid receptor 2 affect the inflammatory response in periodontitis by regulating macrophage M1/M2 polarization.PubMed 41310604 DOI 10.1186/s12903-025-07176-8
923	Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms).	Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2: A Possible Target in SARS-CoV-2 (CoV-19) Infection?PubMed 32471272 DOI 10.3390/ijms21113809
924	Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms).	Cannabinoid receptor type 2 agonist GP1a attenuates macrophage activation induced by M. bovis-BCG by inhibiting NF-κB signaling.PubMed 39538989 DOI 10.1093/jleuko/qiae246
925	Cannabinoids modulates CB2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: CB2 immune, inflammatory, microglial, neuroinflammatory, pain, or tissue-injury mechanisms).	Cannabinoid receptor 2 activating antibodies: A promising therapeutic strategy for macrophage-driven fibro-inflammatory diseases.PubMed 41740200 DOI 10.1016/j.molpha.2026.100102
926	Cannabinoids modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Cannabinoid Receptor-Related Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptors.PubMed 28826536 DOI 10.1016/bs.apha.2017.04.004
928	Cannabinoids modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	The enigmatic pharmacology of GPR55.PubMed 19233486 DOI 10.1016/j.tips.2008.12.004
932	Cannabinoids modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	GPR55 - a putative "type 3" cannabinoid receptor in inflammation.PubMed 26669245 DOI 10.1515/jbcpp-2015-0080
933	Cannabinoids modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Cannabinoid receptor ligand bias: implications in the central nervous system.PubMed 27835801 DOI 10.1016/j.coph.2016.10.005
934	Cannabinoids modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	GPR55, a lysophosphatidylinositol receptor with cannabinoid sensitivity?PubMed 20370712 DOI 10.2174/156802610791164229
944	Cannabinoids modulates GPR18; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Cannabinoid Receptor-Related Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptors.PubMed 28826536 DOI 10.1016/bs.apha.2017.04.004
945	Cannabinoids modulates GPR18; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Cannabinoid receptor ligand bias: implications in the central nervous system.PubMed 27835801 DOI 10.1016/j.coph.2016.10.005
951	Cannabinoids modulates GPR18; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Structural insights into the activation of G protein-coupled receptor 119 by the agonist GSK1292263 and ligands selectivity among novel cannabinoid receptors.PubMed 40562148 DOI 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.145476
974	Cannabinoids modulates TRPV1; evidence class: preclinical (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPV1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	The analgesic paracetamol metabolite AM404 acts peripherally to directly inhibit sodium channels.PubMed 40465624 DOI 10.1073/pnas.2413811122
975	Cannabinoids modulates TRPV1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Cannabinoid signalling.PubMed 16109430 DOI 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.05.055
981	Cannabinoids modulates TRPV1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Modulation of TRPV1 channel function by natural products in the treatment of pain.PubMed 32738201 DOI 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109178
997	Cannabinoids modulates TRPV2; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV2 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Role of ionotropic cannabinoid receptors in peripheral antinociception and antihyperalgesia.PubMed 19070372 DOI 10.1016/j.tips.2008.10.008
1011	Cannabinoids modulates TRPV3; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV3 channel activity, binding, signaling, dermatology-relevant mechanism, or pharmacology).	Pharmacogenetics of new analgesics.PubMed 20942817 DOI 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01074.x
1014	Cannabinoids modulates TRPV3; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: TRPV3 channel activity, binding, signaling, dermatology-relevant mechanism, or pharmacology).	A Systematic Review of Plant-Derived Natural Compounds for Anxiety Disorders.PubMed 26845556 DOI 10.2174/1568026616666160204121039
1020	Cannabinoids modulates TRPV4; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV4 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Role of ionotropic cannabinoid receptors in peripheral antinociception and antihyperalgesia.PubMed 19070372 DOI 10.1016/j.tips.2008.10.008
1022	Cannabinoids modulates TRPV4; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPV4 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Modification of TRPV4 activity by acetaminophen.PubMed 32051870 DOI 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03301
1024	Cannabinoids modulates TRPV4; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV4 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Toward an effective peripheral visceral analgesic: responding to the national opioid crisis.PubMed 29470146 DOI 10.1152/ajpgi.00013.2018
1026	Cannabinoids modulates TRPV4; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPV4 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Peripheral cannabinoid receptor activation attenuates frostbite-induced chronic pain via modulation of TRP channels, neuroinflammation, and autophagy.PubMed 41802611 DOI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2026.02.059
1034	Cannabinoids modulates TRPA1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPA1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Role of ionotropic cannabinoid receptors in peripheral antinociception and antihyperalgesia.PubMed 19070372 DOI 10.1016/j.tips.2008.10.008
1035	Cannabinoids modulates TRPA1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPA1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Modification of TRPV4 activity by acetaminophen.PubMed 32051870 DOI 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03301
1036	Cannabinoids modulates TRPA1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPA1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	TRPA1.PubMed 24756722 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-54215-2_23
1038	Cannabinoids modulates TRPA1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPA1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Affinin, Isolated from Heliopsis longipes, Induces an Antihypertensive Effect That Involves CB1 Cannabinoid Receptors and TRPA1 and TRPV1 Channel Activation.PubMed 38219731 DOI 10.1055/a-2244-8855
1040	Cannabinoids modulates TRPA1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPA1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	G-protein coupled receptors regulating cough.PubMed 21727026 DOI 10.1016/j.coph.2011.06.005
1042	Cannabinoids modulates TRPA1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPA1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Cannabinoid receptor antagonists AM251 and AM630 activate TRPA1 in sensory neurons.PubMed 21645531 DOI 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.05.024
1054	Cannabinoids modulates TRPM8; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPM8 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Role of ionotropic cannabinoid receptors in peripheral antinociception and antihyperalgesia.PubMed 19070372 DOI 10.1016/j.tips.2008.10.008
1055	Cannabinoids modulates TRPM8; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPM8 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Toward an effective peripheral visceral analgesic: responding to the national opioid crisis.PubMed 29470146 DOI 10.1152/ajpgi.00013.2018
1060	Cannabinoids modulates TRPM8; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPM8 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Effects of opioids, cannabinoids, and vanilloids on body temperature.PubMed 21622235 DOI 10.2741/190

CB1
CB2
GPR18
GPR55
TRPA1
TRPM8
TRPV1
TRPV2
TRPV3
TRPV4

References

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Cryo-EM Structure of the Human Cannabinoid Receptor CB2-Gi Signaling Complex.PubMed 32004460 DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2020.01.007
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A Cannabinoid Type 2 (CB2) Receptor Agonist Augments NOS-Dependent Responses of Cerebral Arterioles During Type 1 Diabetes.PubMed 36889269
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Emerging role of the cannabinoid receptor CB2 in immune regulation: therapeutic prospects for neuroinflammation.PubMed 19152719 DOI 10.1017/s1462399409000957
Type 2 cannabinoid receptor expression on microglial cells regulates neuroinflammation during graft-versus-host disease.PubMed 38662453 DOI 10.1172/jci175205
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Cannabinoid CB2 receptors enhance high-fat diet evoked peripheral neuroinflammation.PubMed 39173999 DOI 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.123002
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Cannabinoid receptor 2 activation mitigates lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation and sickness behavior in mice.PubMed 30666359 DOI 10.1007/s00213-019-5166-y
An overview of the cannabinoid type 2 receptor system and its therapeutic potential.PubMed 29794855 DOI 10.1097/aco.0000000000000616
Conditional deletion of CB2 cannabinoid receptors from peripheral sensory neurons eliminates CB2-mediated antinociceptive efficacy in a mouse model of carrageenan-induced inflammatory pain.PubMed 37286073 DOI 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109601
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GPR55, a lysophosphatidylinositol receptor with cannabinoid sensitivity?PubMed 20370712 DOI 10.2174/156802610791164229
Structural insights into the activation of G protein-coupled receptor 119 by the agonist GSK1292263 and ligands selectivity among novel cannabinoid receptors.PubMed 40562148 DOI 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.145476
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Cannabinoid signalling.PubMed 16109430 DOI 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.05.055
Modulation of TRPV1 channel function by natural products in the treatment of pain.PubMed 32738201 DOI 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109178
Role of ionotropic cannabinoid receptors in peripheral antinociception and antihyperalgesia.PubMed 19070372 DOI 10.1016/j.tips.2008.10.008
Pharmacogenetics of new analgesics.PubMed 20942817 DOI 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01074.x
A Systematic Review of Plant-Derived Natural Compounds for Anxiety Disorders.PubMed 26845556 DOI 10.2174/1568026616666160204121039
Modification of TRPV4 activity by acetaminophen.PubMed 32051870 DOI 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03301
Toward an effective peripheral visceral analgesic: responding to the national opioid crisis.PubMed 29470146 DOI 10.1152/ajpgi.00013.2018
Peripheral cannabinoid receptor activation attenuates frostbite-induced chronic pain via modulation of TRP channels, neuroinflammation, and autophagy.PubMed 41802611 DOI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2026.02.059
TRPA1.PubMed 24756722 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-54215-2_23
Affinin, Isolated from Heliopsis longipes, Induces an Antihypertensive Effect That Involves CB1 Cannabinoid Receptors and TRPA1 and TRPV1 Channel Activation.PubMed 38219731 DOI 10.1055/a-2244-8855
G-protein coupled receptors regulating cough.PubMed 21727026 DOI 10.1016/j.coph.2011.06.005
Cannabinoid receptor antagonists AM251 and AM630 activate TRPA1 in sensory neurons.PubMed 21645531 DOI 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.05.024
Effects of opioids, cannabinoids, and vanilloids on body temperature.PubMed 21622235 DOI 10.2741/190

Cannabinoids has research behind it, but the bucket matters.

What the Cannabinoids research is usually about

CB2

CB1

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pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts

receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms

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CB2

CB1

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pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts

receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms

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