Cannabinoid Encyclopedia

Encyclopedia guide

Endocannabinoids

A simple, source-linked guide to Endocannabinoids, including CB1, CB2, and Endocannabinoid enzymes and metabolism.

Updated July 2026 95 research sources Human and early research

The short answer

What are Endocannabinoids?

This page explains the cannabinoid research connected with Endocannabinoids. The main research areas include CB1, CB2, Endocannabinoid enzymes and metabolism, and Safety, risk, adverse events, and formulation concerns. This page brings together 18 human-study sources, 55 research reviews, and 19 lab, animal, or mechanism sources. The source set includes human research as well as earlier-stage studies. 1

Choose your next step

Want the quick path or the full picture?

Use this guide the way you need to. Start with the practical question, then open the study detail only when it helps answer something about Endocannabinoids.

What researchers studiedSee the main areas and the evidence behind each one. Safety and limitsKeep product, dose, medications, and context in view. Open the sourcesGo directly to the studies and references used here.

Key takeaways

What to know first

  1. 1

    Research on Endocannabinoids covers CB1, CB2, and Endocannabinoid enzymes and metabolism; those areas should not be combined into one claim. 1

  2. 2

    The source set includes human research as well as earlier-stage studies. 2

  3. 3

    Dose, formulation, route, study population, and outcome can change how closely a study applies to a real-world question. 3

Research areas

What researchers studied about Endocannabinoids

These are the main questions represented in the current literature. Each link opens a source used to build the overview.

Mostly mechanism-focused

CB1

Studies connect Endocannabinoids with CB1 at the level of receptors, enzymes, signaling, or pharmacology. This helps explain how the biology might work, but it does not prove a health outcome. 2

Mostly mechanism-focused

CB2

Studies connect Endocannabinoids with CB2 at the level of receptors, enzymes, signaling, or pharmacology. This helps explain how the biology might work, but it does not prove a health outcome. 2

Human and early-stage research

Endocannabinoid enzymes and metabolism

Studies connect Endocannabinoids with Endocannabinoid enzymes and metabolism at the level of receptors, enzymes, signaling, or pharmacology. This helps explain how the biology might work, but it does not prove a health outcome. 3

Human and early-stage research

Safety, risk, adverse events, and formulation concerns

Researchers have examined Endocannabinoids in connection with Safety, risk, adverse events, and formulation concerns. The studies may differ in compound, formulation, dose, route, population, and outcome. 4

Human and early-stage research

Endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like lipids

Researchers have examined Endocannabinoids in connection with Endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like lipids. The studies may differ in compound, formulation, dose, route, population, and outcome. 5

Mostly mechanism-focused

GPR18

Studies connect Endocannabinoids with GPR18 at the level of receptors, enzymes, signaling, or pharmacology. This helps explain how the biology might work, but it does not prove a health outcome. 6

How strong is the research?

Not every study answers the same question

This page separates research in people, research reviews, and earlier-stage biology before interpreting the larger question.

18 sources

Human studies

Research involving people is closest to everyday health questions. The product, dose, population, and outcome still determine what each study can show.

55 sources

Reviews and evidence summaries

Reviews can compare several studies at once. Their conclusion is only as strong and as relevant as the studies they include.

19 sources

Lab, animal, and mechanism research

Early-stage research can explain biological interest. It cannot, by itself, show that the same effect happens in people.

Another 3 of 95 research sources could not be placed cleanly into those three groups from the recorded study details.

What these studies actually looked at

The research on Endocannabinoids is not one kind of study. This source set includes 54 narrative or expert reviews, 22 animal studies, 7 cell or laboratory studies, and 2 clinical studies in people. 3

The recorded populations or models include people or patients (32 sources), animal models (17 sources), and cells or tissue models (15 sources). A result from one group or model should not be assumed to apply to another. 4

The most common recorded outcome focus is endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms (12 sources), safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns (12 sources), and cB1 neurobehavioral, appetite, metabolic, pain, cognition, or synaptic mechanisms (10 sources). Closely related outcome names can still describe different measurements. 5

The Endocannabinoids source set also contains findings or reviews that remain too limited, indirect, or mixed for a broad answer. That uncertainty is part of the result, not an empty space to fill with assumptions. 6

Examples from the literature

What did the studies actually look at?

Each example names the research question and the study details recorded for that source.

narrative or expert review

Endocannabinoids and nutrition.

On this page, this source examines Endocannabinoids activity involving GPR119. 1

Study type
narrative or expert review
Population or model
people or patients
Outcome focus
gPR119 receptor activity, binding, signaling, metabolic physiology, or pharmacology
Evidence stage
evidence still limited

narrative or expert review

Cannabinergic ligands.

On this page, this source examines Endocannabinoids activity involving CB1 and Endocannabinoids activity involving CB2. 2

Study type
narrative or expert review
Population or model
cells or tissue models
Outcome focus
cB1 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, or signaling mechanisms and cB2 receptor pharmacology, ligand binding, selectivity, or signaling mechanisms
Evidence stage
evidence still limited

narrative or expert review

Potential application of endocannabinoid system agents in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases-focusing on FAAH/MAGL inhibitors.

On this page, this source examines Endocannabinoids activity involving endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms. 3

Study type
narrative or expert review
Outcome focus
endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms
Evidence stage
evidence still limited

narrative or expert review

Role of cannabis in cardiovascular disorders.

On this page, this source examines Endocannabinoids and safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns. 4

Study type
narrative or expert review
Population or model
people or patients
Outcome focus
safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns
Evidence stage
evidence still limited

cell or laboratory study

Endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like compounds modulate hypoxia-induced permeability in CaCo-2 cells via CB1, TRPV1, and PPARα.

On this page, this source examines Endocannabinoids and endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like lipids research topics. 5

Study type
cell or laboratory study
Population or model
cells or tissue models
Outcome focus
endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like lipids research topics
Evidence stage
mechanism-focused research

Safety and limits

What should readers keep in mind?

Research on Endocannabinoids should be read beside safety. A compound can be non-intoxicating or naturally occurring and still have pharmacologic effects, side effects, interactions, or product-quality concerns. 4

Research doses are descriptions of what a study tested. They are not personal dosing instructions. Questions involving medications, pregnancy, children, driving, liver health, heart health, or serious symptoms deserve professional medical guidance.

Drug interactions Pregnancy and children Driving and impairment All safety topics

Common questions

Questions people ask

What is the main research question about Endocannabinoids?

The literature on this page centers on CB1, CB2, Endocannabinoid enzymes and metabolism, and Safety, risk, adverse events, and formulation concerns. The source set includes human research as well as earlier-stage studies. 7

How should I read the sources?

Start with the study design, then check the product, dose, route, population, outcome, and safety information. 8

Does this page give medical advice?

No. It explains published research and links to sources; it does not provide a diagnosis, treatment plan, or personal dosing advice. 9

Sources

Read the research

The numbered sources below support the main overview. Links open the PubMed record or DOI in a new tab.

  1. 1
    Endocannabinoids and nutrition. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited PubMed 18426507 DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2008.01687.x
  2. 2
    Cannabinergic ligands. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited PubMed 12505686 DOI 10.1016/s0009-3084(02
  3. 3
    Potential application of endocannabinoid system agents in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases-focusing on FAAH/MAGL inhibitors. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited PubMed 32203086 DOI 10.1038/s41401-020-0385-7
  4. 4
    Role of cannabis in cardiovascular disorders. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited PubMed 28840009 DOI 10.21037/jtd.2017.06.104
  5. 5
    Endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like compounds modulate hypoxia-induced permeability in CaCo-2 cells via CB1, TRPV1, and PPARα. cell or laboratory study; mechanism-focused research PubMed 31325449 DOI 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.07.017
  6. 6
    Cannabinoids in Gynecological Diseases. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited PubMed 34676329 DOI 10.1159/000499164
  7. 7
    Potential metabolic and behavioural roles of the putative endocannabinoid receptors GPR18, GPR55 and GPR119 in feeding. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited PubMed 31146657 DOI 10.2174/1570159x17666190118143014
  8. 8
    Cys-loop receptors on cannabinoids: All high? systematic review or meta-analysis; evidence still limited PubMed 36439263 DOI 10.3389/fphys.2022.1044575
  9. 9
    Adverse Effects of Recreational and Medical Cannabis. clinical study in people; human research PubMed 33897066 DOI 10.64719/pb.4395
  10. 10
    Biochemical and pharmacological characterization of human α/β-hydrolase domain containing 6 (ABHD6) and 12 (ABHD12). human research PubMed 22969151 DOI 10.1194/jlr.m030411
  11. 11
    Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Four Endocannabinoids and Endocannabinoid-Like Substances in Plasma: Application in an HIV-Hepatitis C Virus Coinfected Population. human research PubMed 41035123 DOI 10.1097/ftd.0000000000001397
  12. 12
    Members of the endocannabinoid system are distinctly regulated in inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. human research PubMed 30787385 DOI 10.1038/s41598-019-38865-4
See all 95 research sources

This complete source list is the deeper research layer for the page. Study type and evidence context are shown when they are available in the current record.

  1. Endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like compounds modulate hypoxia-induced permeability in CaCo-2 cells via CB1, TRPV1, and PPARα. cell or laboratory study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 31325449
  2. Potential metabolic and behavioural roles of the putative endocannabinoid receptors GPR18, GPR55 and GPR119 in feeding. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 31146657
  3. Some Prospective Alternatives for Treating Pain: The Endocannabinoid System and Its Putative Receptors GPR18 and GPR55. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 30670965
  4. Role of cannabis in cardiovascular disorders. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 28840009
  5. Cannabinoids and monoaminergic system: implications for learning and memory. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 39206116
  6. Adverse Effects of Recreational and Medical Cannabis. clinical study in people; human research / 1 linked research note PubMed 33897066
  7. Endocannabinoid signaling and long-term synaptic plasticity. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 19575681
  8. Cys-loop receptors on cannabinoids: All high? systematic review or meta-analysis; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 36439263
  9. Subunit-specific modulation of glycine receptors by cannabinoids and N-arachidonyl-glycine. cell or laboratory study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 18755158
  10. Glycine receptors in CNS neurons as a target for nonretrograde action of cannabinoids. cell or laboratory study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 16107637
  11. Cannabinoids in Parkinson's Disease. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 28861502
  12. Astrocytic cannabinoid receptor 1 promotes resilience by dampening stress-induced blood-brain barrier alterations. animal study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 40016352
  13. Phospholipase Cγ2 regulates endocannabinoid and eicosanoid networks in innate immune cells. animal study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 34607960
  14. Impact of Chronic Moderate Exercise on Immune Cells and Cytokine Levels in Rats: Focus on the Endocannabinergic Pathway. animal study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 37962860
  15. Endocannabinoid Turnover. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 28826539
  16. Endocannabinoids. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 9831287
  17. Classical endocannabinoid-like compounds and their regulation by nutrients. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 24677570
  18. Effects of fermentation and alkalisation on the formation of endocannabinoid-like compounds in olives. evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 38909454
  19. Endocannabinoids, endocannabinoid-like compounds and cortisone in head hair of health care workers as markers of stress and resilience during the early COVID-19 pandemic. evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 38296973
  20. Roles of Endocannabinoids and Endocannabinoid-Like Molecules in Energy Homeostasis and Metabolic Regulation: A Nutritional Perspective. evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 34115519
  21. Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Four Endocannabinoids and Endocannabinoid-Like Substances in Plasma: Application in an HIV-Hepatitis C Virus Coinfected Population. human research / 1 linked research note PubMed 41035123
  22. Potential application of endocannabinoid system agents in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases-focusing on FAAH/MAGL inhibitors. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 32203086
  23. Inhibition of endocannabinoid hydrolases MAGL, FAAH and ABHD6 by AKU-005 reduces ex vivo cortical spreading depression. animal study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 40269679
  24. The role of endocannabinoid pathway in the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease: Can the inhibitors of MAGL and FAAH prove to be potential therapeutic targets against the cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer's disease? narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 34217798
  25. Potential of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH), Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MAGL), and Diacylglycerol Lipase (DAGL) Enzymes as Targets for Obesity Treatment: A Narrative Review. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 34959715
  26. Inhibition of endocannabinoid synthesis enzymes DAGL and NAPE-PLD transiently lowers body weight and alters glucose homeostasis during a high-fat diet challenge in mice. animal study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 41092478
  27. Subcellular localization of NAPE-PLD and DAGL-α in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus by a preembedding immunogold method. animal study; preclinical research / 1 linked research note PubMed 24346263
  28. Microglial morphological/inflammatory phenotypes and endocannabinoid signaling in a preclinical model of periodontitis and depression. animal study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 39245706
  29. Critical enzymes involved in endocannabinoid metabolism. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 17346227
  30. Structural properties and role of the endocannabinoid lipases ABHD6 and ABHD12 in lipid signalling and disease. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 30564946
  31. The serine hydrolases MAGL, ABHD6 and ABHD12 as guardians of 2-arachidonoylglycerol signalling through cannabinoid receptors. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 21418147
  32. Deregulation of the endocannabinoid system and therapeutic potential of ABHD6 blockade in the cuprizone model of demyelination. animal study; preclinical research / 1 linked research note PubMed 30075103
  33. Biochemical and pharmacological characterization of human α/β-hydrolase domain containing 6 (ABHD6) and 12 (ABHD12). human research / 1 linked research note PubMed 22969151
  34. Endocannabinoids, blood pressure and the human heart. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 18426501
  35. The potential role of cannabinoids in dermatology. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 31599175
  36. Cannabinoids and Their Receptors in Skin Diseases. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 38003712
  37. Endocannabinoid system and its modulation of brain, gut, joint and skin inflammation. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 33909195
  38. The endocannabinoid system of the skin. A potential approach for the treatment of skin disorders. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 30138623
  39. Sebaceous immunobiology - skin homeostasis, pathophysiology, coordination of innate immunity and inflammatory response and disease associations. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 36439142
  40. The endocannabinoid system of the skin in health and disease: novel perspectives and therapeutic opportunities. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 19608284
  41. Modulators of the endocannabinoid system influence skin barrier repair, epidermal proliferation, differentiation and inflammation in a mouse model. animal study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 31350927
  42. Cannabinergic ligands. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 2 linked research notes PubMed 12505686
  43. Assay of CB1 Receptor Binding. cell or laboratory study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 27245890
  44. Allosteric Modulation: An Alternate Approach Targeting the Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 27879006
  45. Endocannabinoids and Their Pharmacological Actions. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 26408156
  46. Cannabinoid receptor 1 ligands: Biased signaling mechanisms driving functionally selective drug discovery. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 39828030
  47. Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of a Novel Cannabinoid Receptor 1 Antagonist. animal study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 40521518
  48. Cannabinoid-based therapy as a future for joint degeneration. Focus on the role of CB2 receptor in the arthritis progression and pain: an updated review. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 34050525
  49. The pharmacology of cannabinoid receptors and their ligands: an overview. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 16570099
  50. Latest advances in cannabinoid receptor agonists. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 19939187
  51. Therapeutic potential of cannabinoid receptor 2 in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 31461639
  52. The endocannabinoid system: physiology and pharmacology. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 15550444
  53. Restoration of CB1 receptor function in hippocampal GABAergic neurons rescues memory deficits in Huntington's disease models. animal study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 40855505
  54. Astroglial type-1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1): A new player in the tripartite synapse. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 25967266
  55. Pharmacological inhibition of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor restores abnormal brain mitochondrial CB1 receptor expression and rescues bioenergetic and cognitive defects in a female mouse model of Rett syndrome. animal study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 39300547
  56. Hippocampal Deletion of CB1 Receptor Impairs Social Memory and Leads to Age-Related Changes in the Hippocampus of Adult Mice. animal study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 36613469
  57. Analysis of the endocannabinoid system by using CB1 cannabinoid receptor knockout mice. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 16596773
  58. Functional Selectivity at Cannabinoid Receptors. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 28826535
  59. Crystal Structure of the Human Cannabinoid Receptor CB2. mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 30639103
  60. CB2 cannabinoid receptor agonist selectively inhibits the mechanosensitivity of mucosal afferents in the guinea pig bladder. mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 33749323
  61. Structural basis of selective cannabinoid CB2 receptor activation. mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 36922494
  62. Patent review of cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2R) modulators (2016-present). narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 38886185
  63. Recent Advances on Type-2 Cannabinoid (CB2) Receptor Agonists and their Therapeutic Potential. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 36028971
  64. Emerging roles of cannabinoid receptor CB2 receptor in the central nervous system: therapeutic target for CNS disorders. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 39264450
  65. Cannabinoid CB2 receptors modulate alcohol induced behavior, and neuro-immune dysregulation in mice. animal study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 37061199
  66. The cannabinoid CB2 receptor as a target for inflammation-dependent neurodegeneration. animal study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 18615177
  67. CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptor antagonists prevent minocycline-induced neuroprotection following traumatic brain injury in mice. animal study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 23960212
  68. What we know and do not know about the cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2). narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 24877594
  69. Molecular networks underlying cannabinoid signaling in skeletal muscle plasticity. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 35862111
  70. Is GPR55 an anandamide receptor? narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 19647110
  71. The GPR55 ligand L-alpha-lysophosphatidylinositol promotes RhoA-dependent Ca2+ signaling and NFAT activation. cell or laboratory study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 18757503
  72. The Endocannabinoid System of Animals. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 31527410
  73. Cannabis and Endocannabinoid Signaling in Epilepsy. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 26408165
  74. Cannabinoids in Gynecological Diseases. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 34676329
  75. Targeting GPR18: Structural modelling, ligand discovery, and therapeutic potential in neuroinflammatory disorders. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 42114685
  76. An Update on Non-CB1, Non-CB2 Cannabinoid Related G-Protein-Coupled Receptors. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 29098189
  77. GPR18 undergoes a high degree of constitutive trafficking but is unresponsive to N-Arachidonoyl Glycine. cell or laboratory study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 27018161
  78. Protective Effect of N-Arachidonoyl Glycine-GPR18 Signaling after Excitotoxical Lesion in Murine Organotypic Hippocampal Slice Cultures. animal study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 30871175
  79. N-Acyl Amino Acids (Elmiric Acids): Endogenous Signaling Molecules with Therapeutic Potential. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 29138268
  80. The elmiric acids: biologically active anandamide analogs. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 18187165
  81. Endocannabinoids and nutrition. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 18426507
  82. Role of acylethanolamides in the gastrointestinal tract with special reference to food intake and energy balance. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 19285259
  83. Regulation of GPR119 receptor activity with endocannabinoid-like lipids. animal study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 23074242
  84. Members of the endocannabinoid system are distinctly regulated in inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. human research / 1 linked research note PubMed 30787385
  85. Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and the endocannabinoid system in obesity: Mechanistic insights and pharmacological opportunities beyond incretin-based therapies. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 42144898
  86. Oleoylethanolamide: A novel pharmaceutical agent in the management of obesity-an updated review. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 30537148
  87. Endocannabinoid signaling in microglia. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 36222019
  88. The TRPV1 channel regulates glucose metabolism. animal study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 31408376
  89. Beyond Cannabis: Plants and the Endocannabinoid System. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 27179600
  90. Transcriptomic signature, bioactivity and safety of a non-hepatotoxic analgesic generating AM404 in the midbrain PAG region. clinical study in people; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 38750093
  91. Potential Future Pharmacological Treatment of Bladder Dysfunction. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 26990140
  92. Role of endothelial TRPV4 channels in vascular actions of the endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoylglycerol. animal study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 26294342
  93. Structure-affinity relationships and pharmacological characterization of new alkyl-resorcinol cannabinoid receptor ligands: Identification of a dual cannabinoid receptor/TRPA1 channel agonist. animal study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 25065940
  94. TRPM8's Role in the Shift Between Opioid and Cannabinoid Pathways in Electroacupuncture for Inflammatory Pain in Mice. animal study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 39684707
  95. Regulation of transient receptor potential channels of melastatin type 8 (TRPM8): effect of cAMP, cannabinoid CB(1) receptors and endovanilloids. cell or laboratory study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 17428469