Safety guide
Pregnancy and pediatrics: what to know
A source-linked guide to Pregnancy and pediatrics, the situations researchers have examined, and the details that can change risk.
The short answer
Why does Pregnancy and pediatrics matter?
Pregnancy and pediatrics is an important cannabinoid safety topic. Studies and reviews examine CBD, THC, and Cannabinoids in general. This page brings together 24 human-study sources, 37 research reviews, and 7 lab, animal, or mechanism sources. It includes 14 specific study findings from 8 sources. The source set includes human research as well as earlier-stage studies. The compound, dose, route, other medications, and individual health context all matter. 1
Key takeaways
What to know first
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Research on Pregnancy and pediatrics covers CBD, THC, and Cannabinoids in general; those areas should not be combined into one claim. 1
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The source set includes human research as well as earlier-stage studies. 2
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Dose, formulation, route, study population, and outcome can change how closely a study applies to a real-world question. 3
Research areas
What researchers studied about Pregnancy and pediatrics
These are the main questions represented in the current literature. Each link opens a source used to build the overview.
Human and early-stage research
CBD
Research involving CBD contributes to the larger Pregnancy and pediatrics question. Risk can change with dose, route, formulation, other substances, medications, and the person being studied. 10
Human and early-stage research
THC
Research involving THC contributes to the larger Pregnancy and pediatrics question. Risk can change with dose, route, formulation, other substances, medications, and the person being studied. 11
Human research included
Cannabinoids in general
Research involving Cannabinoids in general contributes to the larger Pregnancy and pediatrics question. Risk can change with dose, route, formulation, other substances, medications, and the person being studied. 12
Results extracted so far
What did the studies report?
These summaries appear only when the recorded study outcome is specific enough to reproduce from the linked source. If a source has no result summary here, the result has not been extracted yet; that does not mean the study found no effect.
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In a systematic review of all study designs involving 14 studies involving 682 children with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies, researchers reported an increase in at-least-50-percent seizure response across pediatric DEE studies following up to 50 mg/kg/day by the oral route over varied across included studies. The recorded comparator was varied; included nonrandomized studies. 2
Recorded result: Eleven studies reported at least 20% of participants achieved a seizure-frequency reduction of 50% or more.
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In a systematic review of all study designs involving 14 studies involving 682 children with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies, researchers reported an increase in adverse-event frequency across pediatric DEE studies following up to 50 mg/kg/day by the oral route over varied across included studies. The recorded comparator was varied; included nonrandomized studies. 2
Recorded result: Adverse events were described as relatively common, including somnolence, appetite loss, diarrhea, fatigue, and elevated aminotransferases.
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In a descriptive real-world multicenter study involving 551 children with treatment-resistant developmental and epileptic encephalopathies, researchers reported an increase in long-term at-least-50-percent seizure response in pediatric DEEs following not stated in the PubMed abstract by the oral route over 12 to 32 months; median follow-up 22 months. The recorded comparator was none; baseline comparison. 3
Recorded result: At 12 to 32 months, 50.6% had greater than 50% seizure reduction and 14.2% were seizure-free.
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In a descriptive real-world multicenter study involving 551 children with treatment-resistant developmental and epileptic encephalopathies, researchers reported an increase in adverse-event frequency in a large pediatric DEE cohort following not stated in the PubMed abstract by the oral route over 12 to 32 months; median follow-up 22 months. The recorded comparator was none. 3
Recorded result: Adverse events occurred in 32.7% and were described as mostly mild, transient, and responsive to dose adjustment.
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In a retrospective cohort study involving 29 patients aged 6 to 24 years with pediatric-onset intractable epilepsy, researchers reported an increase in 12-month at-least-50-percent seizure-response frequency in pediatric intractable epilepsy following median maintenance dose 14.2 mg/kg/day by the oral route over median follow-up 14.3 months. The recorded comparator was none; baseline comparison. 4
Recorded result: At 12 months, 79.3% achieved at least 50% seizure reduction, 34.5% achieved at least 75%, and one patient became seizure-free.
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In a retrospective cohort study involving 29 patients aged 6 to 24 years with pediatric-onset intractable epilepsy, researchers reported an increase in adverse-event frequency in pediatric intractable epilepsy following median maintenance dose 14.2 mg/kg/day by the oral route over median follow-up 14.3 months. The recorded comparator was none. 4
Recorded result: Adverse events occurred in 37.9%; three patients discontinued for pneumonia, lethargy, or seizure aggravation.
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In a retrospective multicenter chart review involving pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy across five diagnostic categories, researchers reported a decrease in median seizure frequency across pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy categories following not stated in the PubMed abstract by the oral route over minimum follow-up 3 months. The recorded comparator was none; baseline comparison. 5
Recorded result: Median seizure frequency decreased from 30 at baseline to 8 after treatment (P<.001).
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In a prospective real-world cohort using caregiver questionnaires involving 103 pediatric patients with labeled and off-label drug-resistant epilepsies, researchers reported an increase in caregiver-reported early seizure improvement in drug-resistant epilepsy following not stated in the PubMed abstract by the oral route over 6-month outcome surveys with 18-month retention follow-up. The recorded comparator was none; prior-clinic-visit comparison. 6
Recorded result: Caregivers reported improvement in 54% at month 1 and 48% during months 2 to 6.
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In a prospective real-world cohort using caregiver questionnaires involving 103 pediatric patients with labeled and off-label drug-resistant epilepsies, researchers reported a decrease in treatment retention over 18 months following not stated in the PubMed abstract by the oral route over 18 months. The recorded comparator was none. 6
Recorded result: Retention declined from 97% at month 1 to 55% at month 18.
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In a multisite prospective open-label observational study involving 103 pediatric epilepsy patients in an Australian compassionate-access scheme, researchers reported an increase in 12-month clinician-rated overall improvement among continuing pediatric patients following not stated in the PubMed abstract by the oral route over 12 months. The recorded comparator was none; baseline and continuing-patient comparison. 7
Recorded result: Among participants still receiving CBD, 40% were rated at least "much improved" at 12 months.
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In a multisite prospective open-label observational study involving 103 pediatric epilepsy patients in an Australian compassionate-access scheme, researchers reported an increase in treatment discontinuation before 12 months following not stated in the PubMed abstract by the oral route over 12 months. The recorded comparator was none. 7
Recorded result: Forty-six percent discontinued before 12 months, mainly for lack of effectiveness (31 patients) or adverse events (7 patients).
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In a prospective observational multicenter cohort involving 101 pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy patients across 19 Thai hospitals, researchers reported an increase in adverse-event frequency with CBD-enriched cannabis oil following median modal CBD dose 6 mg/kg/day; effective range 1-15 mg/kg/day by the oral route over median follow-up 15 months. The recorded comparator was none. 8
Recorded result: Adverse events were reported in 92%, mostly mild; 33 discontinued, including 57% of discontinuers for intolerable adverse events.
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In a retrospective real-world cohort study involving 107 patients with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies, researchers reported an increase in at-least-50-percent seizure-response frequency in developmental epileptic encephalopathies following not stated in the PubMed abstract by the oral route over median follow-up 20 months. The recorded comparator was none; baseline comparison. 9
Recorded result: At median 20-month follow-up, 69% achieved at least 50% seizure reduction and 21% achieved at least 75%.
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In a retrospective real-world cohort study involving 107 patients with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies, researchers reported an increase in adverse-event frequency in developmental epileptic encephalopathies following not stated in the PubMed abstract by the oral route over median follow-up 20 months. The recorded comparator was none. 9
Recorded result: Adverse events occurred in 33.6%, and 9% discontinued because of side effects.
How strong is the research?
Not every study answers the same question
This page separates research in people, research reviews, and earlier-stage biology before interpreting the larger question.
Human studies
Research involving people is closest to everyday health questions. The product, dose, population, and outcome still determine what each study can show.
Reviews and evidence summaries
Reviews can compare several studies at once. Their conclusion is only as strong and as relevant as the studies they include.
Lab, animal, and mechanism research
Early-stage research can explain biological interest. It cannot, by itself, show that the same effect happens in people.
Another 12 of 80 research sources could not be placed cleanly into those three groups from the recorded study details.
What these studies actually looked at
The research on Pregnancy and pediatrics is not one kind of study. This source set includes 28 narrative or expert reviews, 13 clinical studies in people, 9 systematic reviews or meta-analyses, and 4 animal studies. 3
The recorded populations or models include pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context (48 sources), pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context (23 sources), and people or patients (5 sources). A result from one group or model should not be assumed to apply to another. 4
The most common recorded outcome focus is pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts (30 sources), seizure-related outcomes (12 sources), and safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns (10 sources). Closely related outcome names can still describe different measurements. 5
Some source records specify doses including not stated in the PubMed abstract (5 sources), median maintenance dose 14.2 mg or kg or day (1 source), and median modal CBD dose 6 mg or kg or day (1 source). These are descriptions of what researchers tested, not personal dosing instructions. 6
The Pregnancy and pediatrics source set also contains findings or reviews that remain too limited, indirect, or mixed for a broad answer. That uncertainty is part of the result, not an empty space to fill with assumptions. 7
Examples from the literature
What did the studies actually look at?
Each example names the research question and the study details recorded for that source.
narrative or expert review
[Consequences of tobacco, cocaine and cannabis consumption during pregnancy on the pregnancy itself, on the newborn and on child development: A review].
On this page, this source examines Cannabinoids and pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts. 1
- Study type
- narrative or expert review
- Population or model
- pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context
- Outcome focus
- pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts
- Evidence stage
- evidence still limited
systematic review or meta-analysis
Efficacy and safety of cannabidiol in children with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies: A systematic review.
On this page, this source examines CBD and at-least-50-percent seizure response across pediatric DEE studies and CBD and adverse-event frequency across pediatric DEE studies. 2
- Study type
- systematic review or meta-analysis
- Population or model
- 14 studies involving 682 children with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies
- Outcome focus
- at-least-50-percent seizure response across pediatric DEE studies and adverse-event frequency across pediatric DEE studies
- Dose recorded
- up to 50 mg or kg or day
- Evidence stage
- systematic review
descriptive real-world multicenter study
A multicenter study on the use of purified cannabidiol for children with treatment-resistant developmental and epileptic encephalopathies.
On this page, this source examines CBD and long-term at-least-50-percent seizure response in pediatric DEEs and CBD and adverse-event frequency in a large pediatric DEE cohort. 3
- Study type
- descriptive real-world multicenter study
- Population or model
- 551 children with treatment-resistant developmental and epileptic encephalopathies
- Outcome focus
- long-term at-least-50-percent seizure response in pediatric DEEs and adverse-event frequency in a large pediatric DEE cohort
- Dose recorded
- not stated in the PubMed abstract
- Evidence stage
- human research
retrospective cohort study
Adjunctive cannabidiol in intractable pediatric epilepsy: A retrospective study on tolerability, efficacy, and safety across genetic and nongenetic etiologies.
On this page, this source examines CBD and 12-month at-least-50-percent seizure-response frequency in pediatric intractable epilepsy and CBD and adverse-event frequency in pediatric intractable epilepsy. 4
- Study type
- retrospective cohort study
- Population or model
- people or patients
- Outcome focus
- 12-month at-least-50-percent seizure-response frequency in pediatric intractable epilepsy and adverse-event frequency in pediatric intractable epilepsy
- Dose recorded
- median maintenance dose 14.2 mg or kg or day
- Evidence stage
- human research
retrospective multicenter chart review
Adjunctive use of cannabidiol in pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy: A retrospective multicenter analysis.
On this page, this source examines CBD and median seizure frequency across pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy categories. 5
- Study type
- retrospective multicenter chart review
- Population or model
- pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy across five diagnostic categories
- Outcome focus
- median seizure frequency across pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy categories
- Dose recorded
- not stated in the PubMed abstract
- Evidence stage
- human research
Safety and limits
What should readers keep in mind?
This page is already focused on Pregnancy and pediatrics. Risk can change with the cannabinoid, amount, route, frequency, formulation, other substances, medications, age, pregnancy, and underlying health conditions. 10
Research doses are descriptions of what a study tested. They are not personal dosing instructions. Questions involving medications, pregnancy, children, driving, liver health, heart health, or serious symptoms deserve professional medical guidance.
Common questions
Questions people ask
What is the main research question about Pregnancy and pediatrics?
The literature on this page centers on CBD, THC, and Cannabinoids in general. The source set includes human research as well as earlier-stage studies. 7
How should I read the sources?
Start with the study design, then check the product, dose, route, population, outcome, and safety information. 8
Does this page give medical advice?
No. It explains published research and links to sources; it does not provide a diagnosis, treatment plan, or personal dosing advice. 9
Sources
Read the research
The numbered sources below support the main overview. Links open the PubMed record or DOI in a new tab.
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1
[Consequences of tobacco, cocaine and cannabis consumption during pregnancy on the pregnancy itself, on the newborn and on child development: A review]. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited PubMed 25439854 DOI 10.1016/j.encep.2014.08.012
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2
Efficacy and safety of cannabidiol in children with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies: A systematic review. systematic review or meta-analysis; systematic review PubMed 41135306 DOI 10.1016/j.seizure.2025.10.001
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3
A multicenter study on the use of purified cannabidiol for children with treatment-resistant developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. descriptive real-world multicenter study; human research PubMed 40669175 DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2025.110590
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4
Adjunctive cannabidiol in intractable pediatric epilepsy: A retrospective study on tolerability, efficacy, and safety across genetic and nongenetic etiologies. retrospective cohort study; human research PubMed 41630268 DOI 10.1097/md.0000000000047425
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5
Adjunctive use of cannabidiol in pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy: A retrospective multicenter analysis. retrospective multicenter chart review; human research PubMed 40288063 DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2025.110426
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6
Assessing Real World Efficacy, Safety, and 18-Month Retention Rates of Cannabidiol in Individuals With Drug Resistant Epilepsies. prospective real-world cohort using caregiver questionnaires; human research PubMed 40968578 DOI 10.1111/ene.70304
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7
Effectiveness and tolerability of cannabidiol in paediatric epilepsy: a one-year multisite prospective study. observational study in people; human research PubMed 42161151 DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2026.111095
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8
National Multicenter Cohort Study: Adjunctive Cannabidiol-Enriched Cannabis Oil for Pediatric Drug-Resistant Epilepsy Treatment in Thailand. observational study in people; human research PubMed 40460512 DOI 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2025.04.015
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9
Real-world efficacy and safety of cannabidiol in developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. retrospective real-world cohort study; human research PubMed 41165013 DOI 10.1002/epi4.70149
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10
Balancing risks and benefits of cannabis use: umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials and observational studies. systematic review or meta-analysis; evidence still limited PubMed 37648266 DOI 10.1136/bmj-2022-072348
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11
High Stakes: Exploring the Impact of Cannabis Use in Pregnancy and Lactation. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited PubMed 40164212 DOI 10.1542/neo.26-4-006
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12
Pharmacokinetics of Cannabis and Its Derivatives in Animals and Humans During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited PubMed 35903331 DOI 10.3389/fphar.2022.919630
See all 80 research sources
This complete source list is the deeper research layer for the page. Study type and evidence context are shown when they are available in the current record.
- Clinical efficacy and safety of cannabidiol for pediatric refractory epilepsy indications: A systematic review and meta-analysis. systematic review or meta-analysis; evidence still limited / 3 linked research notes PubMed 36206805
- A Practical Guide to the Treatment of Dravet Syndrome with Anti-Seizure Medication. evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 35156171
- Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of cannabidiol-rich cannabis extract in children with autism spectrum disorder: randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical trial. clinical study in people; human research / 1 linked research note PubMed 35617670
- Memantine for autism spectrum disorder. systematic review or meta-analysis; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 36006807
- Therapeutic Use of Cannabis and Cannabinoids: A Review. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 5 linked research notes PubMed 41296368
- Therapeutic potential of acidic cannabinoids: an update. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 3 linked research notes PubMed 41545891
- Efficacy and Safety of Cannabinoid-Based Products in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Fragile X Syndrome and Rett Syndrome: A Systematic Review. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 42339654
- Balancing risks and benefits of cannabis use: umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials and observational studies. systematic review or meta-analysis; evidence still limited / 4 linked research notes PubMed 37648266
- High Stakes: Exploring the Impact of Cannabis Use in Pregnancy and Lactation. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 40164212
- Pharmacokinetics of Cannabis and Its Derivatives in Animals and Humans During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 35903331
- Risks of Cannabinoid Exposure on Birth Outcomes: A Systematic Review. systematic review or meta-analysis; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 40589083
- Management of Pediatric Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome: A Review. evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 34035677
- Effects of maternal edible THC consumption on offspring lung growth and function in a rhesus macaque model. clinical study in people; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 39903192
- Cannabis Use in Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. systematic review or meta-analysis; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 36730710
- Variation in Hospital Practices Regarding Marijuana Use in Pregnancy and Lactation. human research / 1 linked research note PubMed 37729034
- Association of Cannabis with Apneic Episodes in a Breastfed Infant: A Case Study. evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 38469628
- Efficacy and safety of cannabidivarin treatment of epilepsy in girls with Rett syndrome: A phase 1 clinical trial. clinical study in people; preclinical research / 1 linked research note PubMed 35364618
- The potential role of cannabinoids in epilepsy treatment. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 28845714
- Unintentional ingestion of putative delta-8 tetrahydrocannabinol by two youth requiring critical care: a case report. case report or case series; human research / 1 linked research note PubMed 36941718
- Cannabinoids in clinical practice. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 2 linked research notes PubMed 11152013
- Cannabis use during pregnancy: Pharmacokinetics and effects on child development. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 28847562
- Impact of cannabinoids on pregnancy, reproductive health, and offspring outcomes. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 35662548
- Cannabis and synaptic reprogramming of the developing brain. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 34021274
- Long-term Cognitive, Psychological, and Health Outcomes Associated With Child Abuse and Neglect. evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 32943535
- [Consequences of tobacco, cocaine and cannabis consumption during pregnancy on the pregnancy itself, on the newborn and on child development: A review]. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 25439854
- Smoke Alarm. evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 37651516
- Development and validation of the Cannabis Exposure in Pregnancy Tool (CEPT): a mixed methods study. human research / 1 linked research note PubMed 38627667
- Maternal cannabis use in pregnancy, perinatal outcomes, and cognitive development in offspring: a longitudinal analysis of the ALSPAC cohort using paternal cannabis use as a negative control exposure. evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 40353977
- Longitudinal Associations Between Cannabis Use during Pregnancy and Child Cognitive, Motor, and Language Development at 2 Years Old. evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 40121379
- Cannabidiol in patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy: an open-label interventional trial. clinical study in people; human research / 3 linked research notes PubMed 26724101
- Pharmacological management of chronic neuropathic pain: revised consensus statement from the Canadian Pain Society. clinical study in people; human research / 1 linked research note PubMed 25479151
- Highly Purified Cannabidiol for Epilepsy Treatment: A Systematic Review of Epileptic Conditions Beyond Dravet Syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome. systematic review or meta-analysis; evidence still limited / 2 linked research notes PubMed 33754312
- An Overview of Cannabinoid Interactions With Common Pediatric Antineoplastic Agents. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 42057496
- Marijuana and the Pediatric Population. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 32661188
- Oral Consumption of Cannabidiol During Pregnancy Alters Behavior in Mouse Offspring. animal study; preclinical research / 1 linked research note PubMed 41840986
- Pediatric Concerns Due to Expanded Cannabis Use: Unintended Consequences of Legalization. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 27139708
- Recreational Cannabis Use During Human Pregnancy: Its Effects on the Placenta and Endocannabinoid System. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 41683846
- Cannabinoid Signalling in Immune-Reproductive Crosstalk during Human Pregnancy. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 33800053
- Cannabis for morning sickness: areas for intervention to decrease cannabis consumption during pregnancy. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 37330589
- Update on Cannabidiol in Drug-Resistant Epilepsy. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 39585547
- Long-term safety and efficacy of highly purified cannabidiol for treatment refractory epilepsy. evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 33667843
- Final analysis of potential drug-drug interactions between highly purified cannabidiol and anti-seizure medications in an open-label expanded access program. evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 37593907
- A Phase-2 Open-Label Trial of Cannabidiol to Treat Core and Associated Symptoms of Autism in Children and Adolescents Without Intellectual Disability. clinical study in people; human research / 1 linked research note PubMed 42204954
- Diagnosis and Management of Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome: A Critical Review. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 36791365
- Adverse Effects of Recreational and Medical Cannabis. clinical study in people; human research / 1 linked research note PubMed 33897066
- Prenatal cannabinoid exposure and altered neurotransmission. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 30771373
- A new HPLC method with multiple detection systems for impurity analysis and discrimination of natural versus synthetic cannabidiol. evidence still limited / 2 linked research notes PubMed 38940871
- Maternal immune activation impairs endocannabinoid signaling in the mesolimbic system of adolescent male offspring. animal study; preclinical research / 1 linked research note PubMed 36746342
- Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cannabinoids. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 12648025
- Cannabigerolic acid, a major biosynthetic precursor molecule in cannabis, exhibits divergent effects on seizures in mouse models of epilepsy. animal study; preclinical research / 1 linked research note PubMed 34384142
- Impact of tetrahydrocannabinol on the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol metabolism: ABHD6 and ABHD12 as novel players in human placenta. human research / 1 linked research note PubMed 32829065
- Effect of Cannabidiol on Drop Seizures in the Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome. clinical study in people; human research / 3 linked research notes PubMed 29768152
- Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome. clinical study in people; human research / 2 linked research notes PubMed 28538134
- Delta-8 tetrahydrocannabinol: a scoping review and commentary. cell or laboratory study; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 36710464
- Delta-8 tetrahydrocannabinol, delta-10 tetrahydrocannabinol, and tetrahydrocannabinol-O acetate exposures reported to America's Poison Centers. evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 38686923
- Evaluating cannabidiol-induced liver injury with and without valproate using a three-dimensional human hepatocyte spheroid model. clinical study in people; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 40774642
- Cannabidiol Therapy for Refractory Epilepsy and Seizure Disorders. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 33332006
- Use of cannabidiol in the treatment of epilepsy: Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Dravet syndrome, and tuberous sclerosis complex. systematic review or meta-analysis; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 36417631
- CBD in the Treatment of Epilepsy. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 38731471
- Randomized, dose-ranging safety trial of cannabidiol in Dravet syndrome. clinical study in people; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 29540584
- Long-term safety and effectiveness of fenfluramine in children and adults with Dravet syndrome. clinical study in people; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 40072476
- Anti-seizure medications for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. systematic review or meta-analysis; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 33825230
- Management of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome beyond childhood: A comprehensive review. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 33243685
- Cannabis and Mental Health: A Review. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 41801216
- Cannabis: are there any benefits? clinical study in people; human research / 1 linked research note PubMed 33215831
- [Cannabis: Effects in the Central Nervous System. Therapeutic, societal and legal consequences]. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 27428345
- The impact of cannabigerol exposure on human endometrial stromal cells decidualization. cell or laboratory study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 42107483
- Cannabichromene, Related Phytocannabinoids, and 5-Fluoro-cannabichromene Have Anticonvulsant Properties in a Mouse Model of Dravet Syndrome. animal study; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 33395525
- Geotemporospatial and causal inferential epidemiological overview and survey of USA cannabis, cannabidiol and cannabinoid genotoxicity expressed in cancer incidence 2003-2017: part 1 - continuous bivariate analysis. evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 35354487
- Cannabinoids and terpenes for diabetes mellitus and its complications: from mechanisms to new therapies. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 36280497
- Effects of CB2 Receptor Modulation on Macrophage Polarization in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. cell or laboratory study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 40332343
- Endocannabinoids and pregnancy. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 20302856
- Effectiveness and tolerability of cannabidiol in paediatric epilepsy: a one-year multisite prospective study. observational study in people; human research / 2 linked research notes PubMed 42161151
- Adjunctive cannabidiol in intractable pediatric epilepsy: A retrospective study on tolerability, efficacy, and safety across genetic and nongenetic etiologies. retrospective cohort study; human research / 2 linked research notes PubMed 41630268
- Real-world efficacy and safety of cannabidiol in developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. retrospective real-world cohort study; human research / 2 linked research notes PubMed 41165013
- Efficacy and safety of cannabidiol in children with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies: A systematic review. systematic review or meta-analysis; systematic review / 2 linked research notes PubMed 41135306
- A multicenter study on the use of purified cannabidiol for children with treatment-resistant developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. descriptive real-world multicenter study; human research / 2 linked research notes PubMed 40669175
- Assessing Real World Efficacy, Safety, and 18-Month Retention Rates of Cannabidiol in Individuals With Drug Resistant Epilepsies. prospective real-world cohort using caregiver questionnaires; human research / 2 linked research notes PubMed 40968578
- National Multicenter Cohort Study: Adjunctive Cannabidiol-Enriched Cannabis Oil for Pediatric Drug-Resistant Epilepsy Treatment in Thailand. observational study in people; human research / 1 linked research note PubMed 40460512
- Adjunctive use of cannabidiol in pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy: A retrospective multicenter analysis. retrospective multicenter chart review; human research / 1 linked research note PubMed 40288063