CBD Research Guide

CBD, explained simply with PubMed links

This page translates CBD research into plain English: what scientists studied, where human data exist, what remains uncertain, and which PubMed links support each topic.

Read Evidence Overview Open Source Table

139research sources

6evidence buckets

PubMedlinked references

What this page is

A plain-English CBD research page. It explains what CBD studies look at and links the source trail.

How to use it

Read the overview first. If a sentence matters to you, open the PubMed link or source table below it.

Important limit

This page is education, not medical advice, dosing advice, or a recommendation to use CBD.

Evidence Rows 166

Traceable statements carried into the source table.

Human Evidence 32

Rows where human participants, patients, or clinical evidence are visible.

Mechanisms 42

Biology, target, enzyme, receptor, or pharmacology rows.

Safety / Limits 27

Safety, tolerability, uncertainty, or insufficient-evidence context.

Evidence Overview

CBD has a large research trail, but the question matters.

CBD is a non-intoxicating cannabinoid. Researchers study it across seizures, anxiety-related measures, sleep, pain, skin biology, product quality, drug metabolism, and liver-safety signals. The source base is real, but each bucket has its own strength and limits. TRP channels

Best-developed clinical lane Seizure-related research

Purified CBD has the clearest clinical literature in specific seizure-related settings, including controlled trials and systematic reviews. epilepsy review Lennox-Gastaut trial

Most searched everyday questions Stress, anxiety, sleep, and discomfort

Human studies exist, but the source set is heterogeneous: different doses, products, populations, endpoints, and study designs need to be read row by row. anxiety trial sleep trial

Practical research lesson Product identity changes the evidence

CBD evidence means very little unless the product, dose, route, label accuracy, and contaminant testing are clear. product testing contaminant testing

Evidence Buckets

What the CBD research is usually about

Jump to source-backed table

Seizure-related research

The strongest CBD bucket is purified CBD in seizure-related clinical research. This is a specific medical research lane, not a generic wellness promise. epilepsy review

Stress and anxiety measures

CBD has human studies tied to anxiety-related outcomes. The evidence is useful to read, but it remains dose- and context-dependent. anxiety trial

Sleep

CBD has been tested in sleep-related studies, including insomnia research. Sleep findings need careful separation by dose, timing, and participant group. sleep trial

Pain and inflammation

CBD appears in pain and inflammation literature, but many reviews include mixed cannabinoid products, THC exposure, routes, and formulations. pain review

Skin and topical biology

Dermatology and topical CBD research is growing, with review-level and mechanistic work more common than settled consumer guidance. skin review

Quality and safety

Drug metabolism, liver enzymes, label accuracy, contaminants, and formulation identity are part of the CBD evidence story. drug metabolism

Reader Map

Evidence buckets before the source table

Grouped for readability

Bucket	Plain-English meaning	Evidence posture	Starting source
Seizure-related research	A concentrated clinical literature around purified CBD products and defined seizure-related conditions.	Developed clinical evidence set, not general wellness evidence.	epilepsy review
Stress, anxiety, and sleep	Human studies look at anxiety-related and sleep-related outcomes, but the studies do not all ask the same question.	Early-to-developed human signal, still mixed by dose and design.	anxiety trial
Pain and inflammation	CBD is discussed in cannabinoid pain reviews, but many sources mix products, routes, THC exposure, and endpoints.	Mapped evidence with product-specific limits.	pain review
Skin and topical use	A growing topical and dermatology literature connects CBD to skin biology and cosmetic or dermatologic questions.	Mostly review, mechanistic, and early applied evidence.	skin review
Product quality	Label accuracy, contaminants, batch consistency, and testing records affect whether a product matches the evidence being cited.	Strong practical evidence that product identity matters.	product testing
Safety and interactions	Drug metabolism, liver enzymes, prescription combinations, pregnancy, pediatrics, and impairment contexts need separate reading.	Safety map is substantial, with heightened-review areas.	liver enzyme trial

Safety Reading Notes

CBD is not the same as "nothing can happen."

CBD is often described as non-intoxicating, but the research set still includes drug-metabolism questions, liver-enzyme findings, formulation-specific adverse events, and prescription-combination concerns. drug metabolism liver enzyme trial phase I safety trial

Pregnancy, lactation, pediatrics, psychiatric risk, liver disease, seizure disorders, driving impairment, and medication combinations should be read as heightened-review topics. This page summarizes literature; it is not medical advice or product-use instruction. drug metabolism liver enzyme trial

PubMed For Dummies Article

CBD Evidence Review: a plain-English walk through the source set

Quick read

CBD has a large source trail, but the evidence is uneven across seizure-related research, anxiety-related measures, sleep, pain, skin biology, product quality, drug metabolism, and liver-safety signals. epilepsy review
The most developed clinical lane is purified CBD in defined seizure-related contexts; that evidence should not be stretched across every retail product or wellness question. Lennox-Gastaut trial
Everyday questions around stress, anxiety, sleep, discomfort, and skin need source-by-source reading because population, dose, route, endpoint, and product identity vary. anxiety trial sleep trial
Product quality and safety context belong near the top of the article because label accuracy, contaminants, liver enzymes, drug metabolism, and formulation can change how closely a source applies. product testing liver enzyme trial

Start with the research question

CBD is one of the most studied non-intoxicating cannabinoids, but "CBD research" is not one single thing. A seizure trial using purified cannabidiol, a consumer-product label study, an insomnia pilot trial, a dermatology review, and a cell-based TRP-channel paper are all CBD sources, yet they answer different questions. The useful way to read this page is by bucket: clinical outcomes, everyday wellness questions, mechanisms, product identity, and safety context. epilepsy review sleep trial TRP channels

That is why this page does not treat every source as the same kind of evidence. A randomized clinical trial, a systematic review, a product-testing paper, a pharmacology review, an animal study, and a cell model can all be valuable, but they should not be converted into the same public sentence. The evidence table keeps those differences visible so a reader can see whether a topic is supported by human studies, mostly mechanistic work, safety surveillance, or a mix of sources. indication review product testing

Where the clinical CBD literature is most developed

The first bucket is seizure-related research. In this area, the literature is more developed because purified CBD has been studied in defined seizure-related populations and reviewed across pediatric and refractory-epilepsy contexts. The key point for a public reader is not "CBD cures seizures." The better reading is narrower: purified CBD has a deeper clinical evidence base in some seizure-related settings than it has in most everyday wellness categories. epilepsy review Lennox-Gastaut trial tuberous sclerosis trial

This matters because people often carry evidence from one bucket into another. A controlled trial of purified CBD in a seizure-related condition does not automatically tell us what a retail gummy, tincture, topical, or mixed cannabinoid product will do for sleep, stress, discomfort, or skin. The source table below keeps those rows separate so the reader can see when a statement is about a clinical study, a review, a product test, a safety signal, or a mechanism. Lennox-Gastaut trial product testing

The practical translation is simple: when a CBD claim points to seizure literature, the source is still important, but the scope is narrow. It is evidence about a defined research context, usually involving purified CBD and carefully described participants. That evidence should not be used as a shortcut for unrelated products, doses, or outcomes. tuberous sclerosis trial

Why everyday CBD questions are harder to summarize

The second bucket is stress, anxiety, and related human measures. Here the source trail is interesting but more heterogeneous. Some studies evaluate anxiety-related outcomes directly, while others involve specific settings such as scan-related anxiety or preoperative dental anxiety. Those sources are useful because they show how researchers are testing CBD in human contexts, but they also show why broad consumer claims are risky: population, dose, route, timing, endpoint, and comparator all matter. anxiety trial scan-anxiety trial dental-anxiety trial

Sleep is similar. There is human research connected to insomnia and sleep-related outcomes, but sleep is a complex endpoint. A study may ask about insomnia severity, sleep quality, nighttime dosing, next-day effects, anxiety overlap, or another sleep measure. That makes the sleep bucket worth reading, but it should be read as a developing research guide, not as one universal statement about every CBD product. sleep trial

The pain and inflammation bucket is broader and more complicated. CBD appears in cannabinoid pain reviews, but many pain sources include cannabis-based products rather than isolated CBD alone. Some studies mix THC, CBD, route of administration, dose, product type, and condition. A careful reader should treat this bucket as a map of where CBD appears in pain-related literature, then check the exact source before assuming the finding applies to a specific product or use case. pain review indication review

This is the core "PubMed for everyday readers" idea: a source can be real and still be easy to overread. The page should help readers move from "I heard CBD helps with X" to "What kind of study looked at X, what product did it test, and how close is that study to the question I actually have?" anxiety trial sleep trial pain review

Mechanisms explain interest, not final answers

The mechanism bucket explains why CBD keeps attracting research attention. CBD does not behave like THC at the CB1 receptor, and the literature often discusses it through a wider biological lens: transient receptor potential channels, endocannabinoid metabolism, inflammatory signaling, and drug-metabolizing enzymes. Mechanistic evidence can explain why a compound is biologically interesting, but it cannot by itself prove a clinical outcome in humans. TRP channels

Skin and topical research belongs in its own bucket because the product route is different. A topical CBD product raises questions about local skin biology, formulation, penetration, cosmetic use, dermatologic endpoints, and irritation. Reviews in this area help organize the field, but much of the source trail is still earlier than the seizure literature. The correct public takeaway is that CBD is being studied in skin-related contexts, not that every topical product has the same evidence profile. skin review

Product identity is part of the evidence

Product quality may be the most practical bucket for regular readers. If a source studies a defined dose of purified CBD, that source does not automatically describe an over-the-counter product with uncertain CBD content, possible THC, contaminants, heavy metals, phthalates, or inaccurate labels. Product-testing studies make this point directly: what is on the label can differ from what is in the product. product testing contaminant testing

That quality issue is why "CBD" should not be treated like a single interchangeable object. The evidence depends on formulation, route, dose, batch consistency, certificate-of-analysis practices, and contaminant screening. A PubMed-style public page should therefore link product-quality evidence near the top, not bury it in a footnote. Without product identity, the rest of the research is easy to overread. product testing contaminant testing

Safety belongs beside benefits, not below them

Safety is also not a side topic. CBD can interact with drug-metabolizing systems, and the liver-enzyme literature matters especially when doses are high, products are concentrated, or prescription medications are involved. A non-intoxicating cannabinoid can still be pharmacologically active. That is exactly why the safety table below keeps drug interactions, liver enzymes, pediatric contexts, pregnancy, and product-formulation concerns visible as separate evidence trails. drug metabolism liver enzyme trial

The phrase "insufficient evidence" can sound like "nothing is known," but that is not the right reading here. In this workbench, insufficient often means the evidence should not be promoted into a stronger conclusion yet. A bucket can have many sources and still be insufficient for a broad claim if the studies are mixed, indirect, preclinical, product-specific, or not designed to answer the everyday question people want answered. indication review

So the practical reading is: CBD has a serious literature base, but it is uneven. Seizure-related research is the most developed clinical lane. Anxiety and sleep have human studies but need careful sorting. Pain, inflammation, and skin are active maps with mixed product and mechanism issues. Product quality is central. Safety and interactions are real research categories, not fine print. epilepsy review anxiety trial sleep trial product testing liver enzyme trial

The tables below are the audit trail. The grouped relationship table is meant to reduce repeated rows into readable buckets. The source-backed evidence table keeps each evidence row tied to a PubMed or DOI record where possible. If a sentence on this page sounds important, the goal is that a reader can move from the plain-English explanation to the exact source record and decide how strong that evidence is. product testing drug metabolism

Source Notes

CBD source-by-source reading notes

These notes pull every evidence row on this page into the readable article body before the source table repeats the audit trail. Each note keeps the row language beside the PubMed or DOI link when available.

Evidence row 22
CBD interacts with drug or class drug-interaction mechanisms or safety-relevant outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: drug-interaction or safety-relevant outcomes). PMID 36206805
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: Clinical efficacy and safety of cannabidiol for pediatric refractory epilepsy indications: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Evidence row 23
CBD interacts with drug or class drug-interaction mechanisms or safety-relevant outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: drug-interaction or safety-relevant outcomes). PMID 37541924
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabidiol's impact on drug-metabolization.
Evidence row 24
CBD interacts with drug or class drug-interaction mechanisms or safety-relevant outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; outcome measure: drug-interaction or safety-relevant outcomes). PMID 35156171
Evidence class: insufficient. Source: A Practical Guide to the Treatment of Dravet Syndrome with Anti-Seizure Medication.
Evidence row 28
CBD studied for Anxiety-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: anxiety-related outcomes). PMID 38797087
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Evaluation of the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of nanodispersible cannabidiol oral solution (150 mg/mL) versus placebo in mild to moderate anxiety subjects: A double blind multicenter randomized clinical trial.
Evidence row 29
CBD studied for Anxiety-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: anxiety-related outcomes). PMID 35617670
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of cannabidiol-rich cannabis extract in children with autism spectrum disorder: randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Evidence row 30
CBD studied for Anxiety-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: anxiety-related outcomes). PMID 33424664
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Pharmacotherapy of Anxiety Disorders: Current and Emerging Treatment Options.
Evidence row 47
CBD interacts with drug or class drug-interaction mechanisms or safety-relevant outcomes; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: drug-interaction or safety-relevant outcomes). PMID 30374683
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: A Phase I, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Single Ascending Dose, Multiple Dose, and Food Effect Trial of the Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Highly Purified Cannabidiol in Healthy Subjects.
Evidence row 48
CBD interacts with drug or class drug-interaction mechanisms or safety-relevant outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: drug-interaction or safety-relevant outcomes). PMID 36006807
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Memantine for autism spectrum disorder.
Evidence row 49
CBD interacts with drug or class drug-interaction mechanisms or safety-relevant outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: drug-interaction or safety-relevant outcomes). PMID 39007525
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Consensus panel recommendations for the optimization of EPIDIOLEX® treatment for seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Dravet syndrome, and tuberous sclerosis complex.
Evidence row 50
CBD interacts with drug or class drug-interaction mechanisms or safety-relevant outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: drug-interaction or safety-relevant outcomes). PMID 39854828
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Antiseizure medications for Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: Comprehensive review and proposed consensus treatment algorithm.
Evidence row 51
CBD interacts with drug or class drug-interaction mechanisms or safety-relevant outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: drug-interaction or safety-relevant outcomes). PMID 31288397
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Potential Adverse Drug Events and Drug-Drug Interactions with Medical and Consumer Cannabidiol (CBD) Use.
Evidence row 52
CBD interacts with drug or class drug-interaction mechanisms or safety-relevant outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: drug-interaction or safety-relevant outcomes). PMID 32918835
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Clinical implications of trials investigating drug-drug interactions between cannabidiol and enzyme inducers or inhibitors or common antiseizure drugs.
Evidence row 57
CBD studied for Anxiety-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: anxiety-related outcomes). PMID 38174873
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Cannabidiol for moderate-severe insomnia: a randomized controlled pilot trial of 150 mg of nightly dosing.
Evidence row 58
CBD studied for Anxiety-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: anxiety-related outcomes). PMID 41296368
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Therapeutic Use of Cannabis and Cannabinoids: A Review.
Evidence row 59
CBD studied for Anxiety-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: anxiety-related outcomes). PMID 39680411
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Cannabidiol for Scan-Related Anxiety in Women With Advanced Breast Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Evidence row 60
CBD studied for Anxiety-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: anxiety-related outcomes). PMID 39505200
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Effect of Preoperative Oral Cannabidiol-Rich Cannabis Extract on Anxiety and Postoperative Pain after Endodontic Treatment: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial.
Evidence row 61
CBD studied for Anxiety-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: anxiety-related outcomes). PMID 35982439
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: Medical cannabinoids: a pharmacology-based systematic review and meta-analysis for all relevant medical indications.
Evidence row 62
CBD studied for Anxiety-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: anxiety-related outcomes). PMID 39151115
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Oral Cannabis Extract for Secondary Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Final Results of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase II/III Trial.
Evidence row 63
CBD studied for Anxiety-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: anxiety-related outcomes). PMID 35921510
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Cannabidiol for Treatment-Resistant Anxiety Disorders in Young People: An Open-Label Trial.
Evidence row 98
CBD studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts). PMID 37648266
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Balancing risks and benefits of cannabis use: umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials and observational studies.
Evidence row 175
CBD studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts). PMID 36206805
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: Clinical efficacy and safety of cannabidiol for pediatric refractory epilepsy indications: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Evidence row 176
CBD studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts). PMID 41296368
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Therapeutic Use of Cannabis and Cannabinoids: A Review.
Evidence row 186
CBD studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts). PMID 26724101
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Cannabidiol in patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy: an open-label interventional trial.
Evidence row 188
CBD studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts). PMID 33754312
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Highly Purified Cannabidiol for Epilepsy Treatment: A Systematic Review of Epileptic Conditions Beyond Dravet Syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome.
Evidence row 191
CBD studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: preclinical (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts). PMID 41840986
Evidence class: preclinical; Study design: Animal study. Source: Oral Consumption of Cannabidiol During Pregnancy Alters Behavior in Mouse Offspring.
Evidence row 192
CBD studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts). PMID 27139708
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Pediatric Concerns Due to Expanded Cannabis Use: Unintended Consequences of Legalization.
Evidence row 193
CBD studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts). PMID 41683846
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Recreational Cannabis Use During Human Pregnancy: Its Effects on the Placenta and Endocannabinoid System.
Evidence row 194
CBD studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts). PMID 33800053
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoid Signalling in Immune-Reproductive Crosstalk during Human Pregnancy.
Evidence row 196
CBD studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 30374683
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: A Phase I, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Single Ascending Dose, Multiple Dose, and Food Effect Trial of the Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Highly Purified Cannabidiol in Healthy Subjects.
Evidence row 197
CBD studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 39585547
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Update on Cannabidiol in Drug-Resistant Epilepsy.
Evidence row 198
CBD studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 31802404
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: A Phase I, Open-Label, Parallel-Group, Single-Dose Trial of the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Cannabidiol in Subjects with Mild to Severe Renal Impairment.
Evidence row 199
CBD studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 33667843
Evidence class: insufficient. Source: Long-term safety and efficacy of highly purified cannabidiol for treatment refractory epilepsy.
Evidence row 200
CBD studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 37593907
Evidence class: insufficient. Source: Final analysis of potential drug-drug interactions between highly purified cannabidiol and anti-seizure medications in an open-label expanded access program.
Evidence row 215
CBD modulates TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms). PMID 33362478
Evidence class: insufficient. Source: An Analysis of the Putative CBD Binding Site in the Ionotropic Cannabinoid Receptors.
Evidence row 217
CBD studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 37648266
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Balancing risks and benefits of cannabis use: umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials and observational studies.
Evidence row 224
CBD modulates endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms). PMID 25999668
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Cannabidiol rescues acute hepatic toxicity and seizure induced by cocaine.
Evidence row 225
CBD modulates endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms). PMID 37458709
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Cellular or in vitro study. Source: Assessing Liver Effects of Cannabidiol and Valproate Alone and in Combination Using Quantitative Systems Toxicology.
Evidence row 226
CBD modulates endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms). PMID 39630203
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Short-term repeated oral intake of low dose cannabidiol: effects on liver enzyme activity and creatinine concentration during intense exercise.
Evidence row 227
CBD studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 42204954
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: A Phase-2 Open-Label Trial of Cannabidiol to Treat Core and Associated Symptoms of Autism in Children and Adolescents Without Intellectual Disability.
Evidence row 232
CBD studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 38562466
Evidence class: insufficient. Source: Product labeling accuracy and contamination analysis of commercially available cannabidiol product samples.
Evidence row 240
CBD studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 26858214
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Acute and Chronic Effects of Cannabinoids on Human Cognition-A Systematic Review.
Evidence row 246
CBD studied for Rare phytocannabinoids research topics; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: Rare phytocannabinoids research topics). PMID 34617621
Evidence class: insufficient. Source: Calculated and experimental 1 H and 13 C NMR assignments for cannabicitran.
Evidence row 253
CBD modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms). PMID 33522084
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Animal study. Source: Differential contribution of CB1, CB2, 5-HT1A, and PPAR-γ receptors to cannabidiol effects on ischemia-induced emotional and cognitive impairments.
Evidence row 254
CBD modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms). PMID 23924692
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Motor effects of the non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid cannabidiol that are mediated by 5-HT1A receptors.
Evidence row 255
CBD modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms). PMID 39657242
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: A novel insight into the antidepressant effect of cannabidiol: possible involvement of the 5-HT1A, CB1, GPR55, and PPARγ receptors.
Evidence row 256
CBD modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms). PMID 42212209
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabidiol: Pharmaceutical formulations and biomedical applications.
Evidence row 257
CBD modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms). PMID 40432283
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Cannabidiol dose dependently reduces alcohol intake in mice via a non-5-HT1A receptor mechanism: Exploration of other potential receptor targets.
Evidence row 261
CBD modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: preclinical (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms). PMID 22585736
Evidence class: preclinical; Study design: Animal study. Source: Cannabinoids suppress inflammatory and neuropathic pain by targeting α3 glycine receptors.
Evidence row 279
CBD studied for receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms). PMID 34980287
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Olivetolic acid, a cannabinoid precursor in Cannabis sativa, but not CBGA methyl ester exhibits a modest anticonvulsant effect in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome.
Evidence row 280
CBD studied for receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: preclinical (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms). PMID 34384142
Evidence class: preclinical; Study design: Animal study. Source: Cannabigerolic acid, a major biosynthetic precursor molecule in cannabis, exhibits divergent effects on seizures in mouse models of epilepsy.
Evidence row 281
CBD studied for receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms). PMID 40006604
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Pharmacokinetics of Non-Psychotropic Phytocannabinoids.
Evidence row 292
CBD studied for Endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like lipids research topics; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: Endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like lipids research topics). PMID 17965195
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Cellular or in vitro study. Source: Inhibition of human neutrophil chemotaxis by endogenous cannabinoids and phytocannabinoids: evidence for a site distinct from CB1 and CB2.
Evidence row 320
CBD studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 37648266
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Balancing risks and benefits of cannabis use: umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials and observational studies.
Evidence row 321
CBD studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 26724101
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Cannabidiol in patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy: an open-label interventional trial.
Evidence row 323
CBD studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 29768152
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Effect of Cannabidiol on Drop Seizures in the Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome.
Evidence row 324
CBD studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 28538134
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome.
Evidence row 327
CBD studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 33013414
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabis Contaminants Limit Pharmacological Use of Cannabidiol.
Evidence row 331
CBD studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 35987236
Evidence class: insufficient. Source: Heavy metal and phthalate contamination and labeling integrity in a large sample of US commercially available cannabidiol (CBD) products.
Evidence row 340
CBD studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 41008526
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabidiol in Skin Health: A Comprehensive Review of Topical Applications in Dermatology and Cosmetic Science.
Evidence row 341
CBD studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 33851375
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabis sativa and Skin Health: Dissecting the Role of Phytocannabinoids.
Evidence row 342
CBD studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 38904694
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Cellular or in vitro study. Source: Potential of cannabidiol as acne and acne scar treatment: novel insights into molecular pathways of pathophysiological factors.
Evidence row 360
CBD modulates TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms). PMID 33629929
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Cannabidiol inhibits human glioma by induction of lethal mitophagy through activating TRPV4.
Evidence row 361
CBD modulates TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms). PMID 35483477
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Pharmacological effects of cannabidiol by transient receptor potential channels.
Evidence row 365
CBD modulates endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms). PMID 29768152
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Effect of Cannabidiol on Drop Seizures in the Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome.
Evidence row 366
CBD modulates endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms). PMID 40622698
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Cannabidiol and Liver Enzyme Level Elevations in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Evidence row 367
CBD modulates endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms). PMID 33022751
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Cannabidiol and Abnormal Liver Chemistries in Healthy Adults: Results of a Phase I Clinical Trial.
Evidence row 368
CBD modulates endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms). PMID 34918948
Evidence class: preliminary human. Source: Observed Impact of Long-Term Consumption of Oral Cannabidiol on Liver Function in Healthy Adults.
Evidence row 369
CBD modulates endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms). PMID 40750820
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Cellular or in vitro study. Source: Hepatotoxicity evaluation of cannabidiol, cannabinol, cannabichromene and cannabigerol using a human quad culture liver chip.
Evidence row 370
CBD modulates endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms). PMID 40774642
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Evaluating cannabidiol-induced liver injury with and without valproate using a three-dimensional human hepatocyte spheroid model.
Evidence row 371
CBD modulates endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms). PMID 36912195
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: Cannabidiol-associated hepatotoxicity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Evidence row 372
CBD modulates endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms). PMID 38904421
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Metabolism and liver toxicity of cannabidiol.
Evidence row 373
CBD modulates endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms). PMID 39228144
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Clinical guidance for cannabidiol-associated hepatotoxicity: A narrative review.
Evidence row 380
CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes). PMID 36206805
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: Clinical efficacy and safety of cannabidiol for pediatric refractory epilepsy indications: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Evidence row 381
CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes). PMID 39007525
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Consensus panel recommendations for the optimization of EPIDIOLEX® treatment for seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Dravet syndrome, and tuberous sclerosis complex.
Evidence row 382
CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes). PMID 33346789
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Add-on Cannabidiol Treatment for Drug-Resistant Seizures in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: A Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial.
Evidence row 383
CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes). PMID 33754312
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Highly Purified Cannabidiol for Epilepsy Treatment: A Systematic Review of Epileptic Conditions Beyond Dravet Syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome.
Evidence row 384
CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes). PMID 33332006
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabidiol Therapy for Refractory Epilepsy and Seizure Disorders.
Evidence row 385
CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes). PMID 36417631
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: Use of cannabidiol in the treatment of epilepsy: Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Dravet syndrome, and tuberous sclerosis complex.
Evidence row 386
CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes). PMID 36194365
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Psychobehavioural and Cognitive Adverse Events of Anti-Seizure Medications for the Treatment of Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies.
Evidence row 387
CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes). PMID 37769547
Evidence class: preliminary human. Source: Real-world evidence on the use of cannabidiol for the treatment of drug resistant epilepsy not related to Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Dravet syndrome or Tuberous Sclerosis Complex.
Evidence row 388
CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes). PMID 40650804
Evidence class: preliminary human. Source: Retrospective Multicenter Chart Review Study of Adjunctive Cannabidiol for Seizures Associated with Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome, Dravet Syndrome and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex.
Evidence row 389
CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes). PMID 39008349
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological. Source: Progress report on new medications for seizures and epilepsy: A summary of the 17th Eilat Conference on New Antiepileptic Drugs and Devices (EILAT XVII). I. Drugs in preclinical and early clinical development.
Evidence row 390
CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes). PMID 38731471
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: CBD in the Treatment of Epilepsy.
Evidence row 391
CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes). PMID 37655228
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Pharmacological diversity amongst approved and emerging antiseizure medications for the treatment of developmental and epileptic encephalopathies.
Evidence row 392
CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes). PMID 35510826
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Cannabis and cannabinoids for symptomatic treatment for people with multiple sclerosis.
Evidence row 393
CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes). PMID 29513392
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: Cannabis-based medicines for chronic neuropathic pain in adults.
Evidence row 394
CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes). PMID 41429020
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Cannabis-Based Products for Chronic Pain : An Updated Systematic Review.
Evidence row 395
CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes). PMID 37630995
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Cannabis-Based Medicine for Neuropathic Pain and Spasticity-A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
Evidence row 396
CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes). PMID 42256679
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: High-dose cannabidiol for chronic neuropathic pain associated with spinal cord injury: a randomised clinical trial.
Evidence row 397
CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes). PMID 33561282
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: Nabiximols in Chronic Neuropathic Pain: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials.
Evidence row 398
CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes). PMID 31793418
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: The Effectiveness of Topical Cannabidiol Oil in Symptomatic Relief of Peripheral Neuropathy of the Lower Extremities.
Evidence row 399
CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes). PMID 26912385
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoids: Medical implications.
Evidence row 400
CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes). PMID 39445260
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoids as a Natural Alternative for the Management of Neuropathic Pain: A Systematic Review of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials.
Evidence row 401
CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes). PMID 36571471
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Oral capsules of tetra-hydro-cannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD) and their combination in peripheral neuropathic pain treatment.
Evidence row 402
CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes). PMID 18035205
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Oromucosal delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol/cannabidiol for neuropathic pain associated with multiple sclerosis: an uncontrolled, open-label, 2-year extension trial.
Evidence row 403
CBD studied for Sleep; evidence class: preliminary human (study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes). PMID 38174873
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Cannabidiol for moderate-severe insomnia: a randomized controlled pilot trial of 150 mg of nightly dosing.
Evidence row 404
CBD studied for Sleep; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes). PMID 39980821
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Effectiveness of a Cannabinoids Supplement on Sleep and Mood in Adults With Subthreshold Insomnia: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Crossover Pilot Trial.
Evidence row 405
CBD studied for Sleep; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes). PMID 36539991
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Medicinal cannabis improves sleep in adults with insomnia: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study.
Evidence row 406
CBD studied for Sleep; evidence class: preliminary human (study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes). PMID 39167421
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Effects of a cannabidiol/terpene formulation on sleep in individuals with insomnia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover study.
Evidence row 407
CBD studied for Sleep; evidence class: preliminary human (study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes). PMID 39153080
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: The effect of nightly use of 150 mg cannabidiol on daytime neurocognitive performance in primary insomnia: a randomized controlled pilot trial.
Evidence row 408
CBD studied for Sleep; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes). PMID 35459406
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: The Effects of Cannabinoids on Sleep.
Evidence row 409
CBD studied for Sleep; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes). PMID 40631525
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Acute Effects of Oral Cannabinoids on Sleep and High-Density EEG in Insomnia: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial.
Evidence row 410
CBD studied for Sleep; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes). PMID 40929927
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: Effectiveness of cannabinoids on subjective sleep quality in people with and without insomnia or poor sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised studies.
Evidence row 411
CBD studied for Sleep; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes). PMID 41856154
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: The efficacy and safety of cannabinoids for the treatment of mental disorders and substance use disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Evidence row 412
CBD studied for Sleep; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes). PMID 31161270
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Should Oncologists Recommend Cannabis?
Evidence row 413
CBD studied for Sleep; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes). PMID 36107800
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Cannabis dosing and administration for sleep: a systematic review.
Evidence row 414
CBD studied for Sleep; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes). PMID 38758300
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Evaluating possible 'next day' impairment in insomnia patients administered an oral medicinal cannabis product by night: a pilot randomized controlled trial.
Evidence row 415
CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes). PMID 39854828
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Antiseizure medications for Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: Comprehensive review and proposed consensus treatment algorithm.
Evidence row 416
CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes). PMID 26724101
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Cannabidiol in patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy: an open-label interventional trial.
Evidence row 417
CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes). PMID 29395273
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Cannabidiol in patients with seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (GWPCARE4): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial.
Evidence row 418
CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes). PMID 38427284
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Comparative efficacy and safety of stiripentol, cannabidiol and fenfluramine as first-line add-on therapies for seizures in Dravet syndrome: A network meta-analysis.
Evidence row 419
CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes). PMID 29768152
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Effect of Cannabidiol on Drop Seizures in the Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome.
Evidence row 420
CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes). PMID 28538134
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome.
Evidence row 421
CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes). PMID 40836583
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: State-of-the-art management of Dravet syndrome.
Evidence row 422
CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes). PMID 29540584
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Randomized, dose-ranging safety trial of cannabidiol in Dravet syndrome.
Evidence row 423
CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes). PMID 37695433
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Pharmacotherapy for Dravet Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Evidence row 424
CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes). PMID 40072476
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Long-term safety and effectiveness of fenfluramine in children and adults with Dravet syndrome.
Evidence row 425
CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes). PMID 27264138
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Treatment of Dravet Syndrome.
Evidence row 426
CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes). PMID 40468679
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Current and emerging pharmacotherapies in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.
Evidence row 427
CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes). PMID 33825230
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: Anti-seizure medications for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.
Evidence row 428
CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes). PMID 32409177
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: New treatments and treatments under investigation.
Evidence row 429
CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes). PMID 33243685
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Management of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome beyond childhood: A comprehensive review.
Evidence row 430
CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes). PMID 37648266
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Balancing risks and benefits of cannabis use: umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials and observational studies.
Evidence row 431
CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes). PMID 30585986
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: An experimental randomized study on the analgesic effects of pharmaceutical-grade cannabis in chronic pain patients with fibromyalgia.
Evidence row 432
CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes). PMID 33118602
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Ingestion of a THC-Rich Cannabis Oil in People with Fibromyalgia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.
Evidence row 433
CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes). PMID 42261989
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Cannabidiol-Enriched Extract Oil for Postoperative Management of Chronic Pelvic Pain Secondary to Endometriosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial-DREAMLAND Study.
Evidence row 935
CBD modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 35083862
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: A narrative review of molecular mechanism and therapeutic effect of cannabidiol (CBD).
Evidence row 936
CBD modulates GPR55; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 17704827
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: The novel endocannabinoid receptor GPR55 is activated by atypical cannabinoids but does not mediate their vasodilator effects.
Evidence row 940
CBD modulates GPR55; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 17876302
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Cellular or in vitro study. Source: The orphan receptor GPR55 is a novel cannabinoid receptor.
Evidence row 942
CBD modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 41560741
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Epilepsy, neuroinflammation and cannabidiol What do we know thus far?
Evidence row 943
CBD modulates GPR55; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 36016551
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological. Source: Interacting binding insights and conformational consequences of the differential activity of cannabidiol with two endocannabinoid-activated G-protein-coupled receptors.
Evidence row 955
CBD modulates GPR18; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 20346144
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Cellular or in vitro study. Source: N-arachidonoyl glycine, an abundant endogenous lipid, potently drives directed cellular migration through GPR18, the putative abnormal cannabidiol receptor.
Evidence row 956
CBD modulates GPR18; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 22834922
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Cellular or in vitro study. Source: siRNA knockdown of GPR18 receptors in BV-2 microglia attenuates N-arachidonoyl glycine-induced cell migration.
Evidence row 959
CBD modulates GPR18; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 23461720
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: A GPR18-based signalling system regulates IOP in murine eye.
Evidence row 960
CBD modulates GPR18; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 24431468
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: The novel endocannabinoid receptor GPR18 is expressed in the rostral ventrolateral medulla and exerts tonic restraining influence on blood pressure.
Evidence row 962
CBD modulates GPR18; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 24751709
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Cannabinoid and lipid-mediated vasorelaxation in retinal microvasculature.
Evidence row 978
CBD modulates TRPV1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPV1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 37199723
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Cannabidiol sensitizes TRPV2 channels to activation by 2-APB.
Evidence row 983
CBD modulates TRPV1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPV1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 40684872
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Animal study. Source: Cannabidiol improves L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia and modulates neuroinflammation and the endocannabinoid, endovanilloid and nitrergic systems.
Evidence row 991
CBD modulates TRPV2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPV2 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 37199723
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Cannabidiol sensitizes TRPV2 channels to activation by 2-APB.
Evidence row 992
CBD modulates TRPV2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPV2 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 39227967
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Tyrosine phosphorylation and palmitoylation of TRPV2 ion channel tune microglial beta-amyloid peptide phagocytosis.
Evidence row 993
CBD modulates TRPV2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPV2 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 36470868
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Cannabinoid non-cannabidiol site modulation of TRPV2 structure and function.
Evidence row 994
CBD modulates TRPV2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPV2 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 31566564
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Molecular mechanism of TRPV2 channel modulation by cannabidiol.
Evidence row 998
CBD modulates TRPV2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: TRPV2 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 37610352
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Cellular or in vitro study. Source: TRPV2, a novel player in the human ovary and human granulosa cells.
Evidence row 1000
CBD modulates TRPV2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: TRPV2 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 34971020
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Cellular or in vitro study. Source: The effects of cannabidiol via TRPV2 channel in chronic myeloid leukemia cells and its combination with imatinib.
Evidence row 1001
CBD modulates TRPV2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPV2 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 36747846
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Cannabidiol sensitizes TRPV2 channels to activation by 2-APB.
Evidence row 1002
CBD modulates TRPV2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: TRPV2 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 23079154
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Cellular or in vitro study. Source: Triggering of the TRPV2 channel by cannabidiol sensitizes glioblastoma cells to cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents.
Evidence row 1003
CBD modulates TRPV2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPV2 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 35628181
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Cannabidiol Enhances Microglial Beta-Amyloid Peptide Phagocytosis and Clearance via Vanilloid Family Type 2 Channel Activation.
Evidence row 1005
CBD modulates TRPV3; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: TRPV3 channel activity, binding, signaling, dermatology-relevant mechanism, or pharmacology). PMID 33362478
Evidence class: insufficient. Source: An Analysis of the Putative CBD Binding Site in the Ionotropic Cannabinoid Receptors.
Evidence row 1009
CBD modulates TRPV3; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPV3 channel activity, binding, signaling, dermatology-relevant mechanism, or pharmacology). PMID 37199723
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Cannabidiol sensitizes TRPV2 channels to activation by 2-APB.
Evidence row 1010
CBD modulates TRPV3; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPV3 channel activity, binding, signaling, dermatology-relevant mechanism, or pharmacology). PMID 36747846
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Cannabidiol sensitizes TRPV2 channels to activation by 2-APB.
Evidence row 1012
CBD modulates TRPV3; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: TRPV3 channel activity, binding, signaling, dermatology-relevant mechanism, or pharmacology). PMID 28945920
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Cellular or in vitro study. Source: Human podocytes express functional thermosensitive TRPV channels.
Evidence row 1013
CBD modulates TRPV3; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (outcome measure: TRPV3 channel activity, binding, signaling, dermatology-relevant mechanism, or pharmacology). PMID 40025806
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological. Source: Exploring Cannabidiol-TRPV3 Mediated Biological Activities-Findings From Molecular Docking, Simulation and Proteins Network Interactions.
Evidence row 1017
CBD modulates TRPV4; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: TRPV4 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 33362478
Evidence class: insufficient. Source: An Analysis of the Putative CBD Binding Site in the Ionotropic Cannabinoid Receptors.
Evidence row 1018
CBD modulates TRPV4; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPV4 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 33629929
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Cannabidiol inhibits human glioma by induction of lethal mitophagy through activating TRPV4.
Evidence row 1021
CBD modulates TRPV4; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: TRPV4 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 28945920
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Cellular or in vitro study. Source: Human podocytes express functional thermosensitive TRPV channels.
Evidence row 1028
CBD modulates TRPV4; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: TRPV4 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 25061872
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Cellular or in vitro study. Source: Cannabidiol exerts sebostatic and antiinflammatory effects on human sebocytes.
Evidence row 1029
CBD modulates TRPV4; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV4 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 40006844
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Mechanisms of Cell Death Induced by Cannabidiol Against Tumor Cells: A Review of Preclinical Studies.
Evidence row 1031
CBD modulates TRPA1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPA1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 35483477
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Pharmacological effects of cannabidiol by transient receptor potential channels.
Evidence row 1043
CBD modulates TRPA1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPA1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 32965166
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Cannabidiol activation of vagal afferent neurons requires TRPA1.
Evidence row 1044
CBD modulates TRPA1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: TRPA1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 31446830
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Cellular or in vitro study. Source: Myrcene and terpene regulation of TRPV1.
Evidence row 1045
CBD modulates TRPA1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: TRPA1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 35605018
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Systematic Review on Transdermal/Topical Cannabidiol Trials: A Reconsidered Way Forward.
Evidence row 1046
CBD modulates TRPA1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: TRPA1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 32873774
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Cellular or in vitro study. Source: Cannabidiol (CBD): a killer for inflammatory rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts.
Evidence row 1047
CBD modulates TRPA1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (outcome measure: TRPA1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 38408345
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological. Source: Phytochemical Characterization and TRPA1/TRPM8 Modulation Profile of the Cannabigerol-Rich Cannabis sativa L. Chemotype IV.
Evidence row 1048
CBD modulates TRPM8; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPM8 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 35483477
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Pharmacological effects of cannabidiol by transient receptor potential channels.
Evidence row 1057
CBD modulates TRPM8; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: TRPM8 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 35605018
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Systematic Review on Transdermal/Topical Cannabidiol Trials: A Reconsidered Way Forward.
Evidence row 1058
CBD modulates TRPM8; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (outcome measure: TRPM8 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 38408345
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological. Source: Phytochemical Characterization and TRPA1/TRPM8 Modulation Profile of the Cannabigerol-Rich Cannabis sativa L. Chemotype IV.

Source Trail

Source-backed evidence table and references

139 research sources

This section is the technical source layer under the article: grouped evidence buckets, evidence rows, PubMed or DOI links, related pages, and references.

Plain-Language Summary

CBD has 166 source-backed evidence row(s) from 139 source(s). The current page should separate outcomes, mechanisms, formulation context, and safety signals.

Identity

Canonical name: cbd
Type: compound
Subtype: phytocannabinoid
Description: Controlled compound entry for evidence review; claims require sourced support.

Evidence Snapshot

Evidence rows: 166
Sources: 139
Evidence classes: insufficient (84), mechanistic or pharmacological (43), preclinical (3), preliminary human (36)
Draft sections: human evidence (32), mechanistic evidence (42), preclinical evidence (3), safety (27), uncertainty (62)

Key Draft Sections

Human evidence: 32 evidence row(s).
Safety and tolerability: 27 evidence row(s).
Uncertainty and gaps: 62 evidence row(s).
Preclinical evidence: 3 evidence row(s).
Mechanistic evidence: 42 evidence row(s).

Studied Outcomes And Mechanisms

Subject	Relationship	Object Or Focus	Evidence Summary	Sources	Evidence Rows
CBD	studied for	Anxiety-related outcomes	Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (3), preliminary human (7)	10	10 rows (28-63)
CBD	interacts with drug or class	drug-interaction mechanisms or safety-relevant outcomes	Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (8), mechanistic or pharmacological (1)	9	9 rows (22-52)
CBD	modulates	endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms	Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (4), mechanistic or pharmacological (5), preliminary human (3)	12	12 rows (224-373)
CBD	studied for	Endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like lipids research topics	Mechanistic research summary: mechanistic or pharmacological (1)	1	292
CBD	modulates	GPR18	Mechanistic research summary: mechanistic or pharmacological (5)	5	5 rows (955-962)
CBD	modulates	GPR55	Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (2), mechanistic or pharmacological (3)	5	5 rows (935-943)
CBD	studied for	Pain-related outcomes	Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (7), mechanistic or pharmacological (1), preliminary human (7)	15	15 rows (392-433)
CBD	studied for	pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts	Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (7), preclinical (1), preliminary human (1)	9	9 rows (98-194)
CBD	studied for	Rare phytocannabinoids research topics	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (1)	1	246
CBD	modulates	receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms	Mechanistic and preclinical research summary: insufficient (3), mechanistic or pharmacological (2), preclinical (1)	6	6 rows (253-261)
CBD	studied for	receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms	Mechanistic and preclinical research summary: insufficient (1), mechanistic or pharmacological (1), preclinical (1)	3	3 rows (279-281)
CBD	studied for	safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (5)	5	5 rows (196-200)
CBD	studied for	safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns	Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (9), preliminary human (4)	12	13 rows (217-342)
CBD	studied for	Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes	Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (18), mechanistic or pharmacological (2), preliminary human (7)	27	27 rows (380-429)
CBD	studied for	Sleep	Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (5), preliminary human (7)	12	12 rows (403-414)
CBD	modulates	TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms	Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (2), mechanistic or pharmacological (1)	3	3 rows (215-361)
CBD	modulates	TRPA1	Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (3), mechanistic or pharmacological (3)	6	6 rows (1031-1047)
CBD	modulates	TRPM8	Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (2), mechanistic or pharmacological (1)	3	3 rows (1048-1058)
CBD	modulates	TRPV1	Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (1), mechanistic or pharmacological (1)	2	2 rows (978-983)
CBD	modulates	TRPV2	Mechanistic research summary: mechanistic or pharmacological (9)	9	9 rows (991-1003)
CBD	modulates	TRPV3	Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (1), mechanistic or pharmacological (4)	5	5 rows (1005-1013)
CBD	modulates	TRPV4	Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (2), mechanistic or pharmacological (3)	5	5 rows (1017-1029)

Source-Backed Evidence Table

Evidence Row	Statement	Source
22	CBD interacts with drug or class drug-interaction mechanisms or safety-relevant outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: drug-interaction or safety-relevant outcomes).	Clinical efficacy and safety of cannabidiol for pediatric refractory epilepsy indications: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PubMed 36206805 DOI 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114238
23	CBD interacts with drug or class drug-interaction mechanisms or safety-relevant outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: drug-interaction or safety-relevant outcomes).	Cannabidiol's impact on drug-metabolization.PubMed 37541924 DOI 10.1016/j.ejim.2023.07.029
24	CBD interacts with drug or class drug-interaction mechanisms or safety-relevant outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; outcome measure: drug-interaction or safety-relevant outcomes).	A Practical Guide to the Treatment of Dravet Syndrome with Anti-Seizure Medication.PubMed 35156171 DOI 10.1007/s40263-022-00898-1
28	CBD studied for Anxiety-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: anxiety-related outcomes).	Evaluation of the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of nanodispersible cannabidiol oral solution (150 mg/mL) versus placebo in mild to moderate anxiety subjects: A double blind multicenter randomized clinical trial.PubMed 38797087 DOI 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104073
29	CBD studied for Anxiety-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: anxiety-related outcomes).	Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of cannabidiol-rich cannabis extract in children with autism spectrum disorder: randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical trial.PubMed 35617670 DOI 10.47626/2237-6089-2021-0396
30	CBD studied for Anxiety-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: anxiety-related outcomes).	Pharmacotherapy of Anxiety Disorders: Current and Emerging Treatment Options.PubMed 33424664 DOI 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.595584
47	CBD interacts with drug or class drug-interaction mechanisms or safety-relevant outcomes; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: drug-interaction or safety-relevant outcomes).	A Phase I, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Single Ascending Dose, Multiple Dose, and Food Effect Trial of the Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Highly Purified Cannabidiol in Healthy Subjects.PubMed 30374683 DOI 10.1007/s40263-018-0578-5
48	CBD interacts with drug or class drug-interaction mechanisms or safety-relevant outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: drug-interaction or safety-relevant outcomes).	Memantine for autism spectrum disorder.PubMed 36006807 DOI 10.1002/14651858.cd013845.pub2
49	CBD interacts with drug or class drug-interaction mechanisms or safety-relevant outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: drug-interaction or safety-relevant outcomes).	Consensus panel recommendations for the optimization of EPIDIOLEX® treatment for seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Dravet syndrome, and tuberous sclerosis complex.PubMed 39007525 DOI 10.1002/epi4.12956
50	CBD interacts with drug or class drug-interaction mechanisms or safety-relevant outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: drug-interaction or safety-relevant outcomes).	Antiseizure medications for Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: Comprehensive review and proposed consensus treatment algorithm.PubMed 39854828 DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.110261
51	CBD interacts with drug or class drug-interaction mechanisms or safety-relevant outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: drug-interaction or safety-relevant outcomes).	Potential Adverse Drug Events and Drug-Drug Interactions with Medical and Consumer Cannabidiol (CBD) Use.PubMed 31288397 DOI 10.3390/jcm8070989
52	CBD interacts with drug or class drug-interaction mechanisms or safety-relevant outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: drug-interaction or safety-relevant outcomes).	Clinical implications of trials investigating drug-drug interactions between cannabidiol and enzyme inducers or inhibitors or common antiseizure drugs.PubMed 32918835 DOI 10.1111/epi.16674
57	CBD studied for Anxiety-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: anxiety-related outcomes).	Cannabidiol for moderate-severe insomnia: a randomized controlled pilot trial of 150 mg of nightly dosing.PubMed 38174873 DOI 10.5664/jcsm.10998
58	CBD studied for Anxiety-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: anxiety-related outcomes).	Therapeutic Use of Cannabis and Cannabinoids: A Review.PubMed 41296368 DOI 10.1001/jama.2025.19433
59	CBD studied for Anxiety-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: anxiety-related outcomes).	Cannabidiol for Scan-Related Anxiety in Women With Advanced Breast Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial.PubMed 39680411 DOI 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.50391
60	CBD studied for Anxiety-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: anxiety-related outcomes).	Effect of Preoperative Oral Cannabidiol-Rich Cannabis Extract on Anxiety and Postoperative Pain after Endodontic Treatment: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial.PubMed 39505200 DOI 10.1016/j.joen.2024.10.010
61	CBD studied for Anxiety-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: anxiety-related outcomes).	Medical cannabinoids: a pharmacology-based systematic review and meta-analysis for all relevant medical indications.PubMed 35982439 DOI 10.1186/s12916-022-02459-1
62	CBD studied for Anxiety-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: anxiety-related outcomes).	Oral Cannabis Extract for Secondary Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Final Results of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase II/III Trial.PubMed 39151115 DOI 10.1200/jco.23.01836
63	CBD studied for Anxiety-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: anxiety-related outcomes).	Cannabidiol for Treatment-Resistant Anxiety Disorders in Young People: An Open-Label Trial.PubMed 35921510 DOI 10.4088/jcp.21m14130
98	CBD studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts).	Balancing risks and benefits of cannabis use: umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials and observational studies.PubMed 37648266 DOI 10.1136/bmj-2022-072348
175	CBD studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts).	Clinical efficacy and safety of cannabidiol for pediatric refractory epilepsy indications: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PubMed 36206805 DOI 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114238
176	CBD studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts).	Therapeutic Use of Cannabis and Cannabinoids: A Review.PubMed 41296368 DOI 10.1001/jama.2025.19433
186	CBD studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts).	Cannabidiol in patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy: an open-label interventional trial.PubMed 26724101 DOI 10.1016/s1474-4422(15
188	CBD studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts).	Highly Purified Cannabidiol for Epilepsy Treatment: A Systematic Review of Epileptic Conditions Beyond Dravet Syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome.PubMed 33754312 DOI 10.1007/s40263-021-00807-y
191	CBD studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: preclinical (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts).	Oral Consumption of Cannabidiol During Pregnancy Alters Behavior in Mouse Offspring.PubMed 41840986 DOI 10.1177/25785125251413416
192	CBD studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts).	Pediatric Concerns Due to Expanded Cannabis Use: Unintended Consequences of Legalization.PubMed 27139708 DOI 10.1007/s13181-016-0552-x
193	CBD studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts).	Recreational Cannabis Use During Human Pregnancy: Its Effects on the Placenta and Endocannabinoid System.PubMed 41683846 DOI 10.3390/ijms27031398
194	CBD studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts).	Cannabinoid Signalling in Immune-Reproductive Crosstalk during Human Pregnancy.PubMed 33800053 DOI 10.3390/biomedicines9030267
196	CBD studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns).	A Phase I, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Single Ascending Dose, Multiple Dose, and Food Effect Trial of the Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Highly Purified Cannabidiol in Healthy Subjects.PubMed 30374683 DOI 10.1007/s40263-018-0578-5
197	CBD studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns).	Update on Cannabidiol in Drug-Resistant Epilepsy.PubMed 39585547 DOI 10.1007/s12098-024-05337-1
198	CBD studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns).	A Phase I, Open-Label, Parallel-Group, Single-Dose Trial of the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Cannabidiol in Subjects with Mild to Severe Renal Impairment.PubMed 31802404 DOI 10.1007/s40262-019-00841-6
199	CBD studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns).	Long-term safety and efficacy of highly purified cannabidiol for treatment refractory epilepsy.PubMed 33667843 DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.107862
200	CBD studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns).	Final analysis of potential drug-drug interactions between highly purified cannabidiol and anti-seizure medications in an open-label expanded access program.PubMed 37593907 DOI 10.1002/epi4.12815
215	CBD modulates TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms).	An Analysis of the Putative CBD Binding Site in the Ionotropic Cannabinoid Receptors.PubMed 33362478 DOI 10.3389/fncel.2020.615811
217	CBD studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Balancing risks and benefits of cannabis use: umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials and observational studies.PubMed 37648266 DOI 10.1136/bmj-2022-072348
224	CBD modulates endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms).	Cannabidiol rescues acute hepatic toxicity and seizure induced by cocaine.PubMed 25999668 DOI 10.1155/2015/523418
225	CBD modulates endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms).	Assessing Liver Effects of Cannabidiol and Valproate Alone and in Combination Using Quantitative Systems Toxicology.PubMed 37458709 DOI 10.1002/cpt.3004
226	CBD modulates endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms).	Short-term repeated oral intake of low dose cannabidiol: effects on liver enzyme activity and creatinine concentration during intense exercise.PubMed 39630203 DOI 10.1007/s00204-024-03904-1
227	CBD studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	A Phase-2 Open-Label Trial of Cannabidiol to Treat Core and Associated Symptoms of Autism in Children and Adolescents Without Intellectual Disability.PubMed 42204954 DOI 10.1177/10445463261452514
232	CBD studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Product labeling accuracy and contamination analysis of commercially available cannabidiol product samples.PubMed 38562466 DOI 10.3389/fphar.2024.1335441
240	CBD studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Acute and Chronic Effects of Cannabinoids on Human Cognition-A Systematic Review.PubMed 26858214 DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.12.002
246	CBD studied for Rare phytocannabinoids research topics; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: Rare phytocannabinoids research topics).	Calculated and experimental 1 H and 13 C NMR assignments for cannabicitran.PubMed 34617621 DOI 10.1002/mrc.5224
253	CBD modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms).	Differential contribution of CB1, CB2, 5-HT1A, and PPAR-γ receptors to cannabidiol effects on ischemia-induced emotional and cognitive impairments.PubMed 33522084 DOI 10.1111/ejn.15134
254	CBD modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms).	Motor effects of the non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid cannabidiol that are mediated by 5-HT1A receptors.PubMed 23924692 DOI 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.07.024
255	CBD modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms).	A novel insight into the antidepressant effect of cannabidiol: possible involvement of the 5-HT1A, CB1, GPR55, and PPARγ receptors.PubMed 39657242 DOI 10.1093/ijnp/pyae064
256	CBD modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms).	Cannabidiol: Pharmaceutical formulations and biomedical applications.PubMed 42212209 DOI 10.22038/ijbms.2026.89134.19592
257	CBD modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms).	Cannabidiol dose dependently reduces alcohol intake in mice via a non-5-HT1A receptor mechanism: Exploration of other potential receptor targets.PubMed 40432283 DOI 10.1111/bph.70070
261	CBD modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: preclinical (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms).	Cannabinoids suppress inflammatory and neuropathic pain by targeting α3 glycine receptors.PubMed 22585736 DOI 10.1084/jem.20120242
279	CBD studied for receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms).	Olivetolic acid, a cannabinoid precursor in Cannabis sativa, but not CBGA methyl ester exhibits a modest anticonvulsant effect in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome.PubMed 34980287 DOI 10.1186/s42238-021-00113-w
280	CBD studied for receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: preclinical (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms).	Cannabigerolic acid, a major biosynthetic precursor molecule in cannabis, exhibits divergent effects on seizures in mouse models of epilepsy.PubMed 34384142 DOI 10.1111/bph.15661
281	CBD studied for receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms).	Pharmacokinetics of Non-Psychotropic Phytocannabinoids.PubMed 40006604 DOI 10.3390/pharmaceutics17020236
292	CBD studied for Endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like lipids research topics; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: Endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like lipids research topics).	Inhibition of human neutrophil chemotaxis by endogenous cannabinoids and phytocannabinoids: evidence for a site distinct from CB1 and CB2.PubMed 17965195 DOI 10.1124/mol.107.041863
320	CBD studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Balancing risks and benefits of cannabis use: umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials and observational studies.PubMed 37648266 DOI 10.1136/bmj-2022-072348
321	CBD studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Cannabidiol in patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy: an open-label interventional trial.PubMed 26724101 DOI 10.1016/s1474-4422(15
323	CBD studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Effect of Cannabidiol on Drop Seizures in the Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome.PubMed 29768152 DOI 10.1056/nejmoa1714631
324	CBD studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome.PubMed 28538134 DOI 10.1056/nejmoa1611618
327	CBD studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Cannabis Contaminants Limit Pharmacological Use of Cannabidiol.PubMed 33013414 DOI 10.3389/fphar.2020.571832
331	CBD studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Heavy metal and phthalate contamination and labeling integrity in a large sample of US commercially available cannabidiol (CBD) products.PubMed 35987236 DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158110
340	CBD studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Cannabidiol in Skin Health: A Comprehensive Review of Topical Applications in Dermatology and Cosmetic Science.PubMed 41008526 DOI 10.3390/biom15091219
341	CBD studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Cannabis sativa and Skin Health: Dissecting the Role of Phytocannabinoids.PubMed 33851375 DOI 10.1055/a-1420-5780
342	CBD studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Potential of cannabidiol as acne and acne scar treatment: novel insights into molecular pathways of pathophysiological factors.PubMed 38904694 DOI 10.1007/s00403-024-03131-9
360	CBD modulates TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms).	Cannabidiol inhibits human glioma by induction of lethal mitophagy through activating TRPV4.PubMed 33629929 DOI 10.1080/15548627.2021.1885203
361	CBD modulates TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms).	Pharmacological effects of cannabidiol by transient receptor potential channels.PubMed 35483477 DOI 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120582
365	CBD modulates endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms).	Effect of Cannabidiol on Drop Seizures in the Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome.PubMed 29768152 DOI 10.1056/nejmoa1714631
366	CBD modulates endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms).	Cannabidiol and Liver Enzyme Level Elevations in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.PubMed 40622698 DOI 10.1001/jamainternmed.2025.2366
367	CBD modulates endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms).	Cannabidiol and Abnormal Liver Chemistries in Healthy Adults: Results of a Phase I Clinical Trial.PubMed 33022751 DOI 10.1002/cpt.2071
368	CBD modulates endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms).	Observed Impact of Long-Term Consumption of Oral Cannabidiol on Liver Function in Healthy Adults.PubMed 34918948 DOI 10.1089/can.2021.0114
369	CBD modulates endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms).	Hepatotoxicity evaluation of cannabidiol, cannabinol, cannabichromene and cannabigerol using a human quad culture liver chip.PubMed 40750820 DOI 10.1038/s41598-025-12846-2
370	CBD modulates endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms).	Evaluating cannabidiol-induced liver injury with and without valproate using a three-dimensional human hepatocyte spheroid model.PubMed 40774642 DOI 10.1016/j.tiv.2025.106126
371	CBD modulates endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms).	Cannabidiol-associated hepatotoxicity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PubMed 36912195 DOI 10.1111/joim.13627
372	CBD modulates endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms).	Metabolism and liver toxicity of cannabidiol.PubMed 38904421 DOI 10.1080/26896583.2024.2366741
373	CBD modulates endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms).	Clinical guidance for cannabidiol-associated hepatotoxicity: A narrative review.PubMed 39228144 DOI 10.1111/jgh.16730
380	CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes).	Clinical efficacy and safety of cannabidiol for pediatric refractory epilepsy indications: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PubMed 36206805 DOI 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114238
381	CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes).	Consensus panel recommendations for the optimization of EPIDIOLEX® treatment for seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Dravet syndrome, and tuberous sclerosis complex.PubMed 39007525 DOI 10.1002/epi4.12956
382	CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes).	Add-on Cannabidiol Treatment for Drug-Resistant Seizures in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: A Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial.PubMed 33346789 DOI 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.4607
383	CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes).	Highly Purified Cannabidiol for Epilepsy Treatment: A Systematic Review of Epileptic Conditions Beyond Dravet Syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome.PubMed 33754312 DOI 10.1007/s40263-021-00807-y
384	CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes).	Cannabidiol Therapy for Refractory Epilepsy and Seizure Disorders.PubMed 33332006 DOI 10.1007/978-3-030-57369-0_7
385	CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes).	Use of cannabidiol in the treatment of epilepsy: Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Dravet syndrome, and tuberous sclerosis complex.PubMed 36417631 DOI 10.1590/1806-9282.2022d689
386	CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes).	Psychobehavioural and Cognitive Adverse Events of Anti-Seizure Medications for the Treatment of Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies.PubMed 36194365 DOI 10.1007/s40263-022-00955-9
387	CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes).	Real-world evidence on the use of cannabidiol for the treatment of drug resistant epilepsy not related to Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Dravet syndrome or Tuberous Sclerosis Complex.PubMed 37769547 DOI 10.1016/j.seizure.2023.09.015
388	CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes).	Retrospective Multicenter Chart Review Study of Adjunctive Cannabidiol for Seizures Associated with Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome, Dravet Syndrome and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex.PubMed 40650804 DOI 10.1007/s40120-025-00788-w
389	CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes).	Progress report on new medications for seizures and epilepsy: A summary of the 17th Eilat Conference on New Antiepileptic Drugs and Devices (EILAT XVII). I. Drugs in preclinical and early clinical development.PubMed 39008349 DOI 10.1111/epi.18056
390	CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes).	CBD in the Treatment of Epilepsy.PubMed 38731471 DOI 10.3390/molecules29091981
391	CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes).	Pharmacological diversity amongst approved and emerging antiseizure medications for the treatment of developmental and epileptic encephalopathies.PubMed 37655228 DOI 10.1177/17562864231191000
392	CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes).	Cannabis and cannabinoids for symptomatic treatment for people with multiple sclerosis.PubMed 35510826 DOI 10.1002/14651858.cd013444.pub2
393	CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes).	Cannabis-based medicines for chronic neuropathic pain in adults.PubMed 29513392 DOI 10.1002/14651858.cd012182.pub2
394	CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes).	Cannabis-Based Products for Chronic Pain : An Updated Systematic Review.PubMed 41429020 DOI 10.7326/annals-25-03152
395	CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes).	Cannabis-Based Medicine for Neuropathic Pain and Spasticity-A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial.PubMed 37630995 DOI 10.3390/ph16081079
396	CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes).	High-dose cannabidiol for chronic neuropathic pain associated with spinal cord injury: a randomised clinical trial.PubMed 42256679 DOI 10.1016/j.eclinm.2026.103986
397	CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes).	Nabiximols in Chronic Neuropathic Pain: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials.PubMed 33561282 DOI 10.1093/pm/pnab050
398	CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes).	The Effectiveness of Topical Cannabidiol Oil in Symptomatic Relief of Peripheral Neuropathy of the Lower Extremities.PubMed 31793418 DOI 10.2174/1389201020666191202111534
399	CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes).	Cannabinoids: Medical implications.PubMed 26912385 DOI 10.3109/07853890.2016.1145794
400	CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes).	Cannabinoids as a Natural Alternative for the Management of Neuropathic Pain: A Systematic Review of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials.PubMed 39445260 DOI 10.7759/cureus.70021
401	CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes).	Oral capsules of tetra-hydro-cannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD) and their combination in peripheral neuropathic pain treatment.PubMed 36571471 DOI 10.1002/ejp.2072
402	CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes).	Oromucosal delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol/cannabidiol for neuropathic pain associated with multiple sclerosis: an uncontrolled, open-label, 2-year extension trial.PubMed 18035205 DOI 10.1016/j.clinthera.2007.09.013
403	CBD studied for Sleep; evidence class: preliminary human (study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes).	Cannabidiol for moderate-severe insomnia: a randomized controlled pilot trial of 150 mg of nightly dosing.PubMed 38174873 DOI 10.5664/jcsm.10998
404	CBD studied for Sleep; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes).	Effectiveness of a Cannabinoids Supplement on Sleep and Mood in Adults With Subthreshold Insomnia: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Crossover Pilot Trial.PubMed 39980821 DOI 10.1002/hsr2.70481
405	CBD studied for Sleep; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes).	Medicinal cannabis improves sleep in adults with insomnia: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study.PubMed 36539991 DOI 10.1111/jsr.13793
406	CBD studied for Sleep; evidence class: preliminary human (study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes).	Effects of a cannabidiol/terpene formulation on sleep in individuals with insomnia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover study.PubMed 39167421 DOI 10.5664/jcsm.11324
407	CBD studied for Sleep; evidence class: preliminary human (study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes).	The effect of nightly use of 150 mg cannabidiol on daytime neurocognitive performance in primary insomnia: a randomized controlled pilot trial.PubMed 39153080 DOI 10.1007/s00213-024-06674-x
408	CBD studied for Sleep; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes).	The Effects of Cannabinoids on Sleep.PubMed 35459406 DOI 10.1177/21501319221081277
409	CBD studied for Sleep; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes).	Acute Effects of Oral Cannabinoids on Sleep and High-Density EEG in Insomnia: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial.PubMed 40631525 DOI 10.1111/jsr.70124
410	CBD studied for Sleep; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes).	Effectiveness of cannabinoids on subjective sleep quality in people with and without insomnia or poor sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised studies.PubMed 40929927 DOI 10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102156
411	CBD studied for Sleep; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes).	The efficacy and safety of cannabinoids for the treatment of mental disorders and substance use disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PubMed 41856154 DOI 10.1016/s2215-0366(26
412	CBD studied for Sleep; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes).	Should Oncologists Recommend Cannabis?PubMed 31161270 DOI 10.1007/s11864-019-0659-9
413	CBD studied for Sleep; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes).	Cannabis dosing and administration for sleep: a systematic review.PubMed 36107800 DOI 10.1093/sleep/zsac218
414	CBD studied for Sleep; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes).	Evaluating possible 'next day' impairment in insomnia patients administered an oral medicinal cannabis product by night: a pilot randomized controlled trial.PubMed 38758300 DOI 10.1007/s00213-024-06595-9
415	CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes).	Antiseizure medications for Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: Comprehensive review and proposed consensus treatment algorithm.PubMed 39854828 DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.110261
416	CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes).	Cannabidiol in patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy: an open-label interventional trial.PubMed 26724101 DOI 10.1016/s1474-4422(15
417	CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes).	Cannabidiol in patients with seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (GWPCARE4): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial.PubMed 29395273 DOI 10.1016/s0140-6736(18
418	CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes).	Comparative efficacy and safety of stiripentol, cannabidiol and fenfluramine as first-line add-on therapies for seizures in Dravet syndrome: A network meta-analysis.PubMed 38427284 DOI 10.1002/epi4.12923
419	CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes).	Effect of Cannabidiol on Drop Seizures in the Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome.PubMed 29768152 DOI 10.1056/nejmoa1714631
420	CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes).	Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome.PubMed 28538134 DOI 10.1056/nejmoa1611618
421	CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes).	State-of-the-art management of Dravet syndrome.PubMed 40836583 DOI 10.1111/dmcn.16475
422	CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes).	Randomized, dose-ranging safety trial of cannabidiol in Dravet syndrome.PubMed 29540584 DOI 10.1212/wnl.0000000000005254
423	CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes).	Pharmacotherapy for Dravet Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.PubMed 37695433 DOI 10.1007/s40265-023-01936-y
424	CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes).	Long-term safety and effectiveness of fenfluramine in children and adults with Dravet syndrome.PubMed 40072476 DOI 10.1111/epi.18342
425	CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes).	Treatment of Dravet Syndrome.PubMed 27264138 DOI 10.1017/cjn.2016.249
426	CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes).	Current and emerging pharmacotherapies in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.PubMed 40468679 DOI 10.1080/14656566.2025.2516630
427	CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes).	Anti-seizure medications for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.PubMed 33825230 DOI 10.1002/14651858.cd003277.pub4
428	CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes).	Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: New treatments and treatments under investigation.PubMed 32409177 DOI 10.1016/j.neurol.2020.01.364
429	CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes).	Management of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome beyond childhood: A comprehensive review.PubMed 33243685 DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107612
430	CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes).	Balancing risks and benefits of cannabis use: umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials and observational studies.PubMed 37648266 DOI 10.1136/bmj-2022-072348
431	CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes).	An experimental randomized study on the analgesic effects of pharmaceutical-grade cannabis in chronic pain patients with fibromyalgia.PubMed 30585986 DOI 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001464
432	CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes).	Ingestion of a THC-Rich Cannabis Oil in People with Fibromyalgia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.PubMed 33118602 DOI 10.1093/pm/pnaa303
433	CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes).	Cannabidiol-Enriched Extract Oil for Postoperative Management of Chronic Pelvic Pain Secondary to Endometriosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial-DREAMLAND Study.PubMed 42261989 DOI 10.1177/25785125251413989
935	CBD modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	A narrative review of molecular mechanism and therapeutic effect of cannabidiol (CBD).PubMed 35083862 DOI 10.1111/bcpt.13710
936	CBD modulates GPR55; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	The novel endocannabinoid receptor GPR55 is activated by atypical cannabinoids but does not mediate their vasodilator effects.PubMed 17704827 DOI 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707419
940	CBD modulates GPR55; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	The orphan receptor GPR55 is a novel cannabinoid receptor.PubMed 17876302 DOI 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707460
942	CBD modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Epilepsy, neuroinflammation and cannabidiol What do we know thus far?PubMed 41560741 DOI 10.3389/fphar.2025.1749260
943	CBD modulates GPR55; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Interacting binding insights and conformational consequences of the differential activity of cannabidiol with two endocannabinoid-activated G-protein-coupled receptors.PubMed 36016551 DOI 10.3389/fphar.2022.945935
955	CBD modulates GPR18; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	N-arachidonoyl glycine, an abundant endogenous lipid, potently drives directed cellular migration through GPR18, the putative abnormal cannabidiol receptor.PubMed 20346144 DOI 10.1186/1471-2202-11-44
956	CBD modulates GPR18; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	siRNA knockdown of GPR18 receptors in BV-2 microglia attenuates N-arachidonoyl glycine-induced cell migration.PubMed 22834922 DOI 10.1186/1750-2187-7-10
959	CBD modulates GPR18; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	A GPR18-based signalling system regulates IOP in murine eye.PubMed 23461720 DOI 10.1111/bph.12136
960	CBD modulates GPR18; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	The novel endocannabinoid receptor GPR18 is expressed in the rostral ventrolateral medulla and exerts tonic restraining influence on blood pressure.PubMed 24431468 DOI 10.1124/jpet.113.209213
962	CBD modulates GPR18; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Cannabinoid and lipid-mediated vasorelaxation in retinal microvasculature.PubMed 24751709 DOI 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.03.055
978	CBD modulates TRPV1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPV1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Cannabidiol sensitizes TRPV2 channels to activation by 2-APB.PubMed 37199723 DOI 10.7554/elife.86166
983	CBD modulates TRPV1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPV1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Cannabidiol improves L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia and modulates neuroinflammation and the endocannabinoid, endovanilloid and nitrergic systems.PubMed 40684872 DOI 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111456
991	CBD modulates TRPV2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPV2 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Cannabidiol sensitizes TRPV2 channels to activation by 2-APB.PubMed 37199723 DOI 10.7554/elife.86166
992	CBD modulates TRPV2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPV2 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Tyrosine phosphorylation and palmitoylation of TRPV2 ion channel tune microglial beta-amyloid peptide phagocytosis.PubMed 39227967 DOI 10.1186/s12974-024-03204-6
993	CBD modulates TRPV2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPV2 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Cannabinoid non-cannabidiol site modulation of TRPV2 structure and function.PubMed 36470868 DOI 10.1038/s41467-022-35163-y
994	CBD modulates TRPV2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPV2 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Molecular mechanism of TRPV2 channel modulation by cannabidiol.PubMed 31566564 DOI 10.7554/elife.48792
998	CBD modulates TRPV2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: TRPV2 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	TRPV2, a novel player in the human ovary and human granulosa cells.PubMed 37610352 DOI 10.1093/molehr/gaad029
1000	CBD modulates TRPV2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: TRPV2 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	The effects of cannabidiol via TRPV2 channel in chronic myeloid leukemia cells and its combination with imatinib.PubMed 34971020 DOI 10.1111/cas.15257
1001	CBD modulates TRPV2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPV2 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Cannabidiol sensitizes TRPV2 channels to activation by 2-APB.PubMed 36747846 DOI 10.1101/2023.01.27.525817
1002	CBD modulates TRPV2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: TRPV2 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Triggering of the TRPV2 channel by cannabidiol sensitizes glioblastoma cells to cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents.PubMed 23079154 DOI 10.1093/carcin/bgs328
1003	CBD modulates TRPV2; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPV2 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Cannabidiol Enhances Microglial Beta-Amyloid Peptide Phagocytosis and Clearance via Vanilloid Family Type 2 Channel Activation.PubMed 35628181 DOI 10.3390/ijms23105367
1005	CBD modulates TRPV3; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: TRPV3 channel activity, binding, signaling, dermatology-relevant mechanism, or pharmacology).	An Analysis of the Putative CBD Binding Site in the Ionotropic Cannabinoid Receptors.PubMed 33362478 DOI 10.3389/fncel.2020.615811
1009	CBD modulates TRPV3; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPV3 channel activity, binding, signaling, dermatology-relevant mechanism, or pharmacology).	Cannabidiol sensitizes TRPV2 channels to activation by 2-APB.PubMed 37199723 DOI 10.7554/elife.86166
1010	CBD modulates TRPV3; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPV3 channel activity, binding, signaling, dermatology-relevant mechanism, or pharmacology).	Cannabidiol sensitizes TRPV2 channels to activation by 2-APB.PubMed 36747846 DOI 10.1101/2023.01.27.525817
1012	CBD modulates TRPV3; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: TRPV3 channel activity, binding, signaling, dermatology-relevant mechanism, or pharmacology).	Human podocytes express functional thermosensitive TRPV channels.PubMed 28945920 DOI 10.1111/bph.14052
1013	CBD modulates TRPV3; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (outcome measure: TRPV3 channel activity, binding, signaling, dermatology-relevant mechanism, or pharmacology).	Exploring Cannabidiol-TRPV3 Mediated Biological Activities-Findings From Molecular Docking, Simulation and Proteins Network Interactions.PubMed 40025806 DOI 10.1002/cbdv.202403494
1017	CBD modulates TRPV4; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: TRPV4 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	An Analysis of the Putative CBD Binding Site in the Ionotropic Cannabinoid Receptors.PubMed 33362478 DOI 10.3389/fncel.2020.615811
1018	CBD modulates TRPV4; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPV4 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Cannabidiol inhibits human glioma by induction of lethal mitophagy through activating TRPV4.PubMed 33629929 DOI 10.1080/15548627.2021.1885203
1021	CBD modulates TRPV4; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: TRPV4 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Human podocytes express functional thermosensitive TRPV channels.PubMed 28945920 DOI 10.1111/bph.14052
1028	CBD modulates TRPV4; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: TRPV4 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Cannabidiol exerts sebostatic and antiinflammatory effects on human sebocytes.PubMed 25061872 DOI 10.1172/jci64628
1029	CBD modulates TRPV4; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV4 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Mechanisms of Cell Death Induced by Cannabidiol Against Tumor Cells: A Review of Preclinical Studies.PubMed 40006844 DOI 10.3390/plants14040585
1031	CBD modulates TRPA1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPA1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Pharmacological effects of cannabidiol by transient receptor potential channels.PubMed 35483477 DOI 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120582
1043	CBD modulates TRPA1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: TRPA1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Cannabidiol activation of vagal afferent neurons requires TRPA1.PubMed 32965166 DOI 10.1152/jn.00128.2020
1044	CBD modulates TRPA1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: TRPA1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Myrcene and terpene regulation of TRPV1.PubMed 31446830 DOI 10.1080/19336950.2019.1654347
1045	CBD modulates TRPA1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: TRPA1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Systematic Review on Transdermal/Topical Cannabidiol Trials: A Reconsidered Way Forward.PubMed 35605018 DOI 10.1089/can.2021.0154
1046	CBD modulates TRPA1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: TRPA1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Cannabidiol (CBD): a killer for inflammatory rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts.PubMed 32873774 DOI 10.1038/s41419-020-02892-1
1047	CBD modulates TRPA1; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (outcome measure: TRPA1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Phytochemical Characterization and TRPA1/TRPM8 Modulation Profile of the Cannabigerol-Rich Cannabis sativa L. Chemotype IV.PubMed 38408345 DOI 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00831
1048	CBD modulates TRPM8; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPM8 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Pharmacological effects of cannabidiol by transient receptor potential channels.PubMed 35483477 DOI 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120582
1057	CBD modulates TRPM8; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: TRPM8 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Systematic Review on Transdermal/Topical Cannabidiol Trials: A Reconsidered Way Forward.PubMed 35605018 DOI 10.1089/can.2021.0154
1058	CBD modulates TRPM8; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (outcome measure: TRPM8 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Phytochemical Characterization and TRPA1/TRPM8 Modulation Profile of the Cannabigerol-Rich Cannabis sativa L. Chemotype IV.PubMed 38408345 DOI 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00831

Anxiety-related outcomes
GPR18
GPR55
Pain-related outcomes
Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes
Sleep
TRPA1
TRPM8
TRPV1
TRPV2
TRPV3
TRPV4

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