Cannabinoid Encyclopedia

Cannabinoid guide

What is CBG?

CBG is a minor cannabinoid researchers are studying across sleep, anxiety, pain, inflammation, skin, appetite, safety, and target biology. Most of the evidence is still early-stage, so the human data do not establish broad health benefits.

Updated July 2026 107 research sources Human and early research

The short answer

CBG, in simple terms

CBG is biologically active, but its human outcome research is still limited. 1 2 3

The current source set contains far more mechanistic and preclinical research than controlled studies in people. The human sources use different products and questions, so they cannot be combined into one general CBG result. 1 2 3

What this means: Use this guide to see what CBG has been studied for and how close each study is to a real-world question. A receptor signal, animal result, or product-specific survey is not the same as a proven health effect. 1 2 3

How to read this answer: Use this guide to see what CBG has been studied for and how close each study is to a real-world question. A receptor signal, animal result, or product-specific survey is not the same as a proven health effect. 1

Choose your next step

Want the quick path or the full picture?

Use this guide the way you need to. Start with the practical question, then open the study detail only when it helps answer something about CBG.

Why people look into itSee the main questions before the research details. What researchers studiedSee the main areas and the evidence behind each one. Safety and limitsKeep product, dose, medications, and context in view. Open the sourcesGo directly to the studies and references used here.

Why people look into CBG

What CBG is commonly talked about for

These cards show the questions most represented in this source set. They are not a list of proven benefits, and the evidence label matters as much as the topic name.

  1. Preclinical and mechanism-focused

    Inflammation-related outcomes

    Interest in CBG and inflammation comes from studies of inflammatory or immune signals. A change in a laboratory or animal model is not proof of a human treatment effect. 3

    See research areas

  2. Mostly mechanism-focused

    Receptor, target, metabolic, and pharmacology mechanisms

    Researchers have looked at CBG in appetite or metabolism-related models. That does not show that it changes appetite, weight, or metabolism for people. 3

    See research areas

  3. Human and early-stage research

    Appetite and metabolic outcomes

    Researchers have looked at CBG in appetite or metabolism-related models. That does not show that it changes appetite, weight, or metabolism for people. 4

    See research areas

  4. Human and early-stage research

    Skin and inflammatory dermatology

    Skin interest comes from cell, topical, or model-system research involving CBG. That early work does not establish a benefit for a skin condition in people. 5

    See research areas

  5. Human and early-stage research

    Safety, tolerability, adverse events, impairment, toxicity, and formulation concerns

    Safety research asks how CBG, its dose, route, formulation, and other medications may change risk. The available evidence may not answer the safety question for every product or person. 3

    See research areas

Bottom line: Start with the exact question you care about, then check the study type, product, dose, and outcome before treating a research signal as a real-world effect.

Key takeaways

What to know first

  1. 1

    CBG is a minor cannabinoid; its acidic form, CBGA, is part of the plant pathway that produces several cannabinoids. 1

  2. 2

    Most CBG research is mechanistic or preclinical, so it cannot establish broad human health benefits. 2

  3. 3

    Sleep, anxiety, pain, safety, skin, inflammation, appetite, and target biology are separate questions with different source types. 3

Choose your question

Where has CBG been studied?

Start with the specific question you care about. The amount of research does not tell you that CBG works for that question.

  1. 01Reader question

    What is CBG?

    Start with its identity, current evidence level, and research limits.

    Explore the evidence
  2. 02Reader question

    Does CBG help with sleep?

    See the small human sleep evidence and why it does not settle the question.

    Explore the evidence
  3. 03Reader question

    Does CBG help with anxiety or stress?

    Compare the preliminary human field trial with animal and mechanism evidence.

    Explore the evidence
  4. 04Reader question

    Could CBG help with pain?

    See the mostly non-human pain evidence without treating it as a clinical result.

    Explore the evidence
  5. 05Reader question

    What do we know about CBG safety?

    Compare the limited, product-specific human sources with the larger evidence gaps.

    Explore the evidence
  6. 06Reader question

    What does CBG do biologically?

    Explore receptors, signaling, and pharmacology without turning a mechanism into a health promise.

    Explore the evidence
  7. 07Reader question

    What about skin, inflammation, or appetite?

    Open the separate research tracks for those early-stage questions.

    Explore the evidence

Research areas

What has CBG been studied for?

These are the main questions represented in the current literature. Each link opens a source used to build the overview.

Preclinical and mechanism-focused

Inflammation-related outcomes

Researchers have examined CBG in connection with Inflammation-related outcomes. The studies may differ in compound, formulation, dose, route, population, and outcome. 3

Mostly mechanism-focused

Receptor, target, metabolic, and pharmacology mechanisms

Studies connect CBG with Receptor, target, metabolic, and pharmacology mechanisms at the level of receptors, enzymes, signaling, or pharmacology. This helps explain how the biology might work, but it does not prove a health outcome. 3

Human and early-stage research

Safety, tolerability, adverse events, impairment, toxicity, and formulation concerns

Researchers have examined CBG in connection with Safety, tolerability, adverse events, impairment, toxicity, and formulation concerns. The studies may differ in compound, formulation, dose, route, population, and outcome. 3

Human and early-stage research

Appetite and metabolic outcomes

Researchers have examined CBG in connection with Appetite and metabolic outcomes. The studies may differ in compound, formulation, dose, route, population, and outcome. 4

Human and early-stage research

Skin and inflammatory dermatology

Researchers have examined CBG in connection with Skin and inflammatory dermatology. The studies may differ in compound, formulation, dose, route, population, and outcome. 5

Preclinical and mechanism-focused

Pain-related outcomes

Researchers have examined CBG in connection with Pain-related outcomes. The studies may differ in compound, formulation, dose, route, population, and outcome. 3

Explore CBG research

Where has CBG been studied?

These areas are ordered by how many source-linked records are represented here, not by a promise that CBG works for any one question.

  1. 01 Most represented here

    24 source-linked records

    Inflammation and immune research

    Most of this literature is cellular or animal research and cannot answer whether CBG treats inflammatory disease in people.

    Explore the evidence
  2. 02 Research depth rank 2

    24 source-linked records

    Target biology

    Mechanism studies examine receptors, signaling, and other biological targets that may help explain why CBG is being studied.

    Explore the evidence
  3. 03 Research depth rank 3

    22 source-linked records

    Safety and tolerability

    Human safety information is limited and often comes from CBG-predominant or mixed-cannabinoid products.

    Explore the evidence
  4. 04 Research depth rank 4

    18 source-linked records

    Appetite and metabolism

    Feeding and metabolic findings are mainly from animal models, with too little human evidence for a general conclusion.

    Explore the evidence
  5. 05 Research depth rank 5

    14 source-linked records

    Skin and dermatology

    Early topical and skin-biology research includes limited human work, but does not establish treatment for a skin condition.

    Explore the evidence
  6. 06 Research depth rank 6

    13 source-linked records

    Pain-related outcomes

    The current CBG pain evidence is mostly from animal models and reviews, not controlled human pain trials.

    Explore the evidence

More sources do not turn early-stage evidence into a human health result. Open each area to see the model, product, outcome, and limits behind the research.

How strong is the research?

Not every study answers the same question

This page separates research in people, research reviews, and earlier-stage biology before interpreting the larger question.

32 sources

Human studies

Research involving people is closest to everyday health questions. The product, dose, population, and outcome still determine what each study can show.

29 sources

Reviews and evidence summaries

Reviews can compare several studies at once. Their conclusion is only as strong and as relevant as the studies they include.

43 sources

Lab, animal, and mechanism research

Early-stage research can explain biological interest. It cannot, by itself, show that the same effect happens in people.

Another 3 of 107 research sources could not be placed cleanly into those three groups from the recorded study details.

What these studies actually looked at

The research on CBG is not one kind of study. This source set includes 41 animal studies, 25 narrative or expert reviews, 20 cell or laboratory studies, and 9 clinical studies in people. 3

The recorded populations or models include people or patients (37 sources), animal models (34 sources), and cells or tissue models (12 sources). A result from one group or model should not be assumed to apply to another. 4

The most common recorded outcome focus is inflammation-related or immune outcomes (24 sources), receptor, target, metabolic, or pharmacology mechanisms (24 sources), and safety, tolerability, adverse-event, impairment, toxicity, or formulation-specific concerns (22 sources). Closely related outcome names can still describe different measurements. 5

The CBG source set also contains findings or reviews that remain too limited, indirect, or mixed for a broad answer. That uncertainty is part of the result, not an empty space to fill with assumptions. 6

Examples from the literature

What did the studies actually look at?

Each example names the research question and the study details recorded for that source.

clinical study in people

Acute effects of cannabigerol on anxiety, stress, and mood: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, field trial.

On this page, this source examines CBG activity involving receptor, target, metabolic, or pharmacology mechanisms and CBG and anxiety-related outcomes. 1

Study type
clinical study in people
Population or model
people or patients
Outcome focus
receptor, target, metabolic, or pharmacology mechanisms and anxiety-related or neurobehavioral outcomes
Evidence stage
evidence still limited and human research

clinical study in people

Survey of Patients Employing Cannabigerol-Predominant Cannabis Preparations: Perceived Medical Effects, Adverse Events, and Withdrawal Symptoms.

On this page, this source examines CBG and appetite and metabolic outcomes and CBG and sleep. 2

Study type
clinical study in people
Population or model
people or patients
Outcome focus
appetite-related, weight, glucose, or metabolic outcomes and sleep-related outcomes
Evidence stage
human research

narrative or expert review

Cannabigerol (CBG): A Comprehensive Review of Its Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential.

On this page, this source examines CBG and pain-related outcomes, CBG and safety, tolerability, adverse-event, impairment, toxicity, or formulation-specific concerns, and CBG activity involving receptor, target, metabolic, or pharmacology mechanisms and other related questions. 3

Study type
narrative or expert review
Population or model
people or patients
Outcome focus
pain-related outcomes and safety, tolerability, adverse-event, impairment, toxicity, or formulation-specific concerns and other recorded details
Evidence stage
evidence still limited

narrative or expert review

It Is Our Turn to Get Cannabis High: Put Cannabinoids in Food and Health Baskets.

On this page, this source examines CBG and appetite and metabolic outcomes. 4

Study type
narrative or expert review
Population or model
people or patients
Outcome focus
appetite-related, weight, glucose, or metabolic outcomes
Evidence stage
evidence still limited

cell or laboratory study

Exploring Cannabidiol (CBD) and Cannabigerol (CBG) Safety Profile and Skincare Potential.

On this page, this source examines CBG and safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns, CBG and safety, tolerability, adverse-event, impairment, toxicity, or formulation-specific concerns, and CBG and skin and inflammatory dermatology. 5

Study type
cell or laboratory study
Population or model
cells or tissue models
Outcome focus
safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns and safety, tolerability, adverse-event, impairment, toxicity, or formulation-specific concerns and other recorded details
Evidence stage
mechanism-focused research

Safety and limits

What should readers keep in mind?

Research on CBG should be read beside safety. A compound can be non-intoxicating or naturally occurring and still have pharmacologic effects, side effects, interactions, or product-quality concerns. 3

Research doses are descriptions of what a study tested. They are not personal dosing instructions. Questions involving medications, pregnancy, children, driving, liver health, heart health, or serious symptoms deserve professional medical guidance.

Drug interactions Pregnancy and children Driving and impairment All safety topics

Common questions

Questions people ask

What is CBG?

CBG is a cannabinoid found in cannabis. Its acidic form, CBGA, is an important starting material in cannabinoid biosynthesis. 7

What has CBG been studied for?

The current research set includes sleep, anxiety, pain, safety, biological targets, inflammation, skin, and appetite or metabolic questions. Those areas should not be treated as one claim. 8

Does CBG have proven health benefits?

No broad CBG health benefit is established by the current human evidence. Much of the literature is laboratory or animal research. 9

How should I read a CBG study?

Check whether it studied people, the exact product and dose, the route, what it measured, and whether the result was compared with a control group. 10

Sources

Read the research

The numbered sources below support the main overview. Links open the PubMed record or DOI in a new tab.

  1. 1
    Acute effects of cannabigerol on anxiety, stress, and mood: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, field trial. clinical study in people; evidence still limited; human research PubMed 39003387 DOI 10.1038/s41598-024-66879-0
  2. 2
    Survey of Patients Employing Cannabigerol-Predominant Cannabis Preparations: Perceived Medical Effects, Adverse Events, and Withdrawal Symptoms. clinical study in people; human research PubMed 34569849 DOI 10.1089/can.2021.0058
  3. 3
    Cannabigerol (CBG): A Comprehensive Review of Its Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited PubMed 39598860 DOI 10.3390/molecules29225471
  4. 4
    It Is Our Turn to Get Cannabis High: Put Cannabinoids in Food and Health Baskets. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited PubMed 32899626 DOI 10.3390/molecules25184036
  5. 5
    Exploring Cannabidiol (CBD) and Cannabigerol (CBG) Safety Profile and Skincare Potential. cell or laboratory study; mechanism-focused research PubMed 39596290 DOI 10.3390/ijms252212224
  6. 6
    Orally administered Cannabigerol (CBG) in rats: Cannabimimetic actions, anxiety-like behavior, and inflammation-induced pain. animal study; preclinical research PubMed 39322049 DOI 10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173883
  7. 7
    A systematic review of analytical methodologies capable of analysing phytocannabinoids in cosmetics. systematic review or meta-analysis; evidence still limited PubMed 38229238 DOI 10.1002/dta.3628
  8. 8
    Chemical diversity, receptor binding affinity, and pharmacology of phytocannabinoids: Insights into neuronal mechanisms. systematic review or meta-analysis; evidence still limited PubMed 40967679 DOI 10.1016/bs.pbr.2025.07.006
  9. 9
    The Effects of Cannabinoids on Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines: A Systematic Review of In Vivo Studies. systematic review or meta-analysis; evidence still limited PubMed 33998900 DOI 10.1089/can.2020.0105
  10. 10
    The Use of Cannabinoids in Colitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. systematic review or meta-analysis; evidence still limited PubMed 29562280 DOI 10.1093/ibd/izy014
  11. 11
    A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, repeated-dose pilot study of the safety, tolerability, and preliminary effects of a cannabidiol (CBD)- and cannabigerol (CBG)-based beverage powder to support recovery from delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). clinical study in people; human research PubMed 37947792 DOI 10.1080/15502783.2023.2280113
  12. 12
    Acute Cannabigerol Administration Lowers Blood Pressure in Mice. clinical study in people; evidence still limited PubMed 35615681 DOI 10.3389/fphys.2022.871962
See all 107 research sources

This complete source list is the deeper research layer for the page. Study type and evidence context are shown when they are available in the current record.

  1. Cannabigerol (CBG): A Comprehensive Review of Its Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 4 linked research notes PubMed 39598860
  2. Taming THC: potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 3 linked research notes PubMed 21749363
  3. Orally administered Cannabigerol (CBG) in rats: Cannabimimetic actions, anxiety-like behavior, and inflammation-induced pain. animal study; preclinical research / 3 linked research notes PubMed 39322049
  4. The Effects of Cannabinoids on Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines: A Systematic Review of In Vivo Studies. systematic review or meta-analysis; evidence still limited / 3 linked research notes PubMed 33998900
  5. Therapeutic Effects of Non-Euphorigenic Cannabis Extracts in Osteoarthritis. animal study; preclinical research / 1 linked research note PubMed 35994012
  6. Novel CBG Derivatives Can Reduce Inflammation, Pain and Obesity. animal study; preclinical research / 1 linked research note PubMed 34577072
  7. Applications of Cannabinoids in Neuropathic Pain: An Updated Review. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 37824417
  8. Acidic Cannabinoids Suppress Proinflammatory Cytokine Release by Blocking Store-operated Calcium Entry. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 35910331
  9. Cannabinoids and Opioids in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 31899693
  10. Therapeutic potential of acidic cannabinoids: an update. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 41545891
  11. Exploring Cannabidiol (CBD) and Cannabigerol (CBG) Safety Profile and Skincare Potential. cell or laboratory study; mechanism-focused research / 3 linked research notes PubMed 39596290
  12. Cannabinoids in clinical practice. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 2 linked research notes PubMed 11152013
  13. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, repeated-dose pilot study of the safety, tolerability, and preliminary effects of a cannabidiol (CBD)- and cannabigerol (CBG)-based beverage powder to support recovery from delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). clinical study in people; human research / 2 linked research notes PubMed 37947792
  14. Comprehensive mini-review: therapeutic potential of cannabigerol - focus on the cardiovascular system. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 2 linked research notes PubMed 40206058
  15. Cannabinoids: Therapeutic Applications, Mechanisms, and Challenges in Modern Medicine. cell or laboratory study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 42163693
  16. Safety study of cannabidiol products in healthy dogs. clinical study in people; human research / 2 linked research notes PubMed 38496308
  17. Transcriptomic comparison on the mechanism of action of four major constituent cannabinoids in hemp extract. human research / 1 linked research note PubMed 42057192
  18. Comparison on the mechanism and potency of hepatotoxicity among hemp extract and its four major constituent cannabinoids. cell or laboratory study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 39004335
  19. The Potential of Cannabichromene (CBC) as a Therapeutic Agent. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 38777605
  20. Phytocannabinoids as Novel SGLT2 Modulators for Renal Glucose Reabsorption in Type 2 Diabetes Management. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 40872492
  21. Therapeutic Potential of Minor Cannabinoids in Dermatological Diseases-A Synthetic Review. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 37630401
  22. A systematic review of analytical methodologies capable of analysing phytocannabinoids in cosmetics. systematic review or meta-analysis; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 38229238
  23. The antinociceptive activity and mechanism of action of cannabigerol. animal study; preclinical research / 2 linked research notes PubMed 36916438
  24. Cannabigerol and Cannabicyclol Block SARS-CoV-2 Cell Fusion. cell or laboratory study; evidence still limited / 2 linked research notes PubMed 38885660
  25. In vitro and in vivo pharmacological activity of minor cannabinoids isolated from Cannabis sativa. animal study; mechanism-focused research / 2 linked research notes PubMed 33230154
  26. Safety assessment and redox status in rats after chronic exposure to cannabidiol and cannabigerol. animal study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 36796712
  27. Identification of Cannabigerol-Derived Dual CB2 Receptor Agonists and TRPM8 Antagonists with Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activities. animal study; mechanism-focused research / 3 linked research notes PubMed 40540228
  28. Cannabigerol Mitigates Haloperidol-Induced Vacuous Chewing Movements in Mice. animal study; evidence still limited; preclinical research / 2 linked research notes PubMed 39699828
  29. Cannabigerol does not affect contextual fear memory in mice but modulates nociception in a sex-dependent manner. animal study; preclinical research / 2 linked research notes PubMed 40523564
  30. Non-psychotropic cannabinoids as inhibitors of TET1 protein. evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 35462234
  31. Cannabigerol and Cannabinoid Receptors in Major Depressive Disorder: Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and In-vivo Analysis. animal study; evidence still limited; mechanism-focused research / 3 linked research notes PubMed 40326034
  32. Cannabigerol Is a Potential Therapeutic Agent in a Novel Combined Therapy for Glioblastoma. cell or laboratory study; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 33562819
  33. Could cannabigerol protect against neuroinflammation? Insights from an in vitro microglial study. cell or laboratory study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 41548647
  34. Under the umbrella of depression and Alzheimer's disease physiopathology: Can cannabinoids be a dual-pleiotropic therapy? narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 37414155
  35. The impact of cannabigerol exposure on human endometrial stromal cells decidualization. cell or laboratory study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 42107483
  36. The Cytotoxic Effects of Cannabidiol and Cannabigerol on Glioblastoma Stem Cells May Mostly Involve GPR55 and TRPV1 Signalling. cell or laboratory study; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 36497400
  37. Cannabigerol and Cannabichromene Induce Lung Cancer Cell Death and Apoptosis-Contribution of PPARα to Cannabigerol Effects. cell or laboratory study; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 42352060
  38. Identifying and Quantifying Cannabinoids in Biological Matrices in the Medical and Legal Cannabis Era. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 32628766
  39. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation of cannabinoids in human plasma and tissues. cell or laboratory study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 36272108
  40. Therapeutic potential of phytocannabinoids in depression and cognitive dysfunction: Evidence from preclinical models. animal study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 41934896
  41. Single dose and chronic oral administration of cannabigerol and cannabigerolic acid-rich hemp extract in fed and fasted dogs: Physiological effect and pharmacokinetic evaluation. clinical study in people; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 35246858
  42. The Pharmacological Case for Cannabigerol. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 33168643
  43. Chemical diversity, receptor binding affinity, and pharmacology of phytocannabinoids: Insights into neuronal mechanisms. systematic review or meta-analysis; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 40967679
  44. Molecular Pharmacology of Phytocannabinoids. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 28120231
  45. Colon carcinogenesis is inhibited by the TRPM8 antagonist cannabigerol, a Cannabis-derived non-psychotropic cannabinoid. animal study; mechanism-focused research / 2 linked research notes PubMed 25269802
  46. Cannabinoids in autoimmune diseases: mechanistic insights and translational challenges. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 2 linked research notes PubMed 42105814
  47. Acute effects of cannabigerol on anxiety, stress, and mood: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, field trial. clinical study in people; evidence still limited; human research / 2 linked research notes PubMed 39003387
  48. The Origin and Biomedical Relevance of Cannabigerol. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 35887277
  49. Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 22150623
  50. The Pharmacology of Cannabinoids in Chronic Pain. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 40046175
  51. Cannabigerol modulates α2-adrenoceptor and 5-HT1A receptor-mediated electrophysiological effects on dorsal raphe nucleus and locus coeruleus neurons and anxiety behavior in rat. animal study; mechanism-focused research / 3 linked research notes PubMed 37305529
  52. Cannabigerol Modulates Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2 Expression in the Spinal Dorsal Horn and Attenuates Neuropathic Pain Models. animal study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 41155621
  53. Effects of cannabidiol, cannabichromene, cannabidivarin, cannabigerol and cannabinol in endometrial cells: Implications for endocrine and senescence modulation. cell or laboratory study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 40706771
  54. Evidence that the plant cannabinoid cannabigerol is a highly potent alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist and moderately potent 5HT1A receptor antagonist. animal study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 20002104
  55. Acute Cannabigerol Administration Lowers Blood Pressure in Mice. clinical study in people; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 35615681
  56. Cannabigerol reverses mechanical allodynia through α2A-adrenergic modulation of thalamocortical signaling in chemotherapy-induced neuropathy. animal study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 41435878
  57. Entourage effects of nonpsychotropic cannabinoids on visceral sensitivity in experimental colitis. animal study; preclinical research / 1 linked research note PubMed 39921943
  58. Beneficial effect of the non-psychotropic plant cannabinoid cannabigerol on experimental inflammatory bowel disease. animal study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 23415610
  59. Low-Dose Administration of Cannabigerol Attenuates Inflammation and Fibrosis Associated with Methionine/Choline Deficient Diet-Induced NASH Model via Modulation of Cannabinoid Receptor. animal study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 36615835
  60. Cannabigerol attenuates liver fibrosis via AMPK activation: Regulation of lipid metabolism, inflammation, and hepatic stellate cell activation. cell or laboratory study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 40818359
  61. Medical Cannabis Activity Against Inflammation: Active Compounds and Modes of Action. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 35614947
  62. Targeting Vascular and Inflammatory Crosstalk: Cannabigerol as a Dual-Pathway Modulator in Rosacea. animal study; mechanism-focused research / 2 linked research notes PubMed 40725084
  63. Cannabigerol Reduces Lipid Peroxidation Influencing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Signaling Pathways in Melanocytes Exposed to UVA Radiation. cell or laboratory study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 41914282
  64. Cannabigerol Exerts In Vivo and In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Effects via Inhibition of the MAPK and NF-κB Pathways. animal study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 41423277
  65. Cannabigerol Alleviates Liver Damage in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis Female Mice via Inhibition of Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1. animal study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 40362835
  66. High Cannabigerol Hemp Extract Moderates Colitis and Modulates the Microbiome in an Inflammatory Bowel Disease Model. animal study; preclinical research / 1 linked research note PubMed 39009468
  67. Sphingolipid metabolism and insulin resistance - Does cannabigerol protect against experimental colitis induced by high-fat high-sucrose diet? animal study; mechanism-focused research / 2 linked research notes PubMed 41056638
  68. Cannabigerol and cannabichromene in Cannabis sativa L. narrative or expert review; evidence still limited / 2 linked research notes PubMed 36654096
  69. The Use of Cannabinoids in Colitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. systematic review or meta-analysis; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 29562280
  70. Orally Administered CBD/CBG Hemp Extract Reduces Severity of Ulcerative Colitis and Pain in a Murine Model. animal study; preclinical research / 1 linked research note PubMed 40943856
  71. Cannabigerol as an anti-inflammatory agent altering the level of arachidonic acid derivatives in the colon tissue of rats subjected to a high-fat high-sucrose diet. animal study; preclinical research / 1 linked research note PubMed 39128189
  72. Development of a Rapid LC-MS/MS Method for the Quantification of Cannabidiol, Cannabidivarin, Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabivarin, and Cannabigerol in Mouse Peripheral Tissues. animal study; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 28343385
  73. Efficacy of combined therapy with fish oil and phytocannabinoids in murine intestinal inflammation. animal study; preclinical research / 1 linked research note PubMed 32996187
  74. Cannabidiol and Cannabigerol Exert Antimicrobial Activity without Compromising Skin Microbiota. evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 36768709
  75. In Vitro and Clinical Evaluation of Cannabigerol (CBG) Produced via Yeast Biosynthesis: A Cannabinoid with a Broad Range of Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Health-Boosting Properties. clinical study in people; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 35056807
  76. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Cannabigerol In Vitro and In Vivo Are Mediated Through the JAK/STAT/NFκB Signaling Pathway. animal study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 39851511
  77. Evaluation of Biophysical Parameters of the Skin of Patients With Atopic Dermatitis After Application of an Ointment Containing 30% Cannabidiol and 5% Cannabigerol. human research / 1 linked research note PubMed 40124934
  78. Mannich-type modifications of (-)-cannabidiol and (-)-cannabigerol leading to new, bioactive derivatives. cell or laboratory study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 37949940
  79. Skin cells protection against UVA radiation - The comparison of various antioxidants and viability tests. cell or laboratory study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 39647320
  80. Minor Cannabinoids as Inhibitors of Skin Inflammation: Chemical Synthesis and Biological Evaluation. evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 38889235
  81. The Anti-Inflammatory Action of Cannabigerol Accompanied by the Antioxidant Effect of 3-O-ethyl Ascorbic Acid in UVA-Irradiated Human Keratinocytes. cell or laboratory study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 37652708
  82. A new cannabigerol derivative, LE-127/2, induces autophagy mediated cell death in human cutaneous melanoma cells. cell or laboratory study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 39357769
  83. Design, synthesis, and biological profiling of fluorinated cannabidiol and cannabigerol derivatives as promising therapeutic agents. cell or laboratory study; evidence still limited / 1 linked research note PubMed 41645347
  84. Differential effectiveness of selected non-psychotropic phytocannabinoids on human sebocyte functions implicates their introduction in dry/seborrhoeic skin and acne treatment. cell or laboratory study; mechanism-focused research / 1 linked research note PubMed 27094344
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