Cannabinoid Encyclopedia

How research is judged

What does Human evidence mean?

Evidence from studies involving human participants, kept separate from preclinical and mechanistic evidence. 1

Also called: clinical evidence, human studies, human study

Simple definition

Human evidence, in plain English

Evidence from studies involving human participants, kept separate from preclinical and mechanistic evidence. 1

Why it matters

How this word is used in cannabinoid research

This term tells you what kind of research you are reading. It helps separate stronger human evidence from early or indirect evidence.

How to read it

Use the term to understand the study, then open the source before drawing a conclusion.

Do not confuse this with

Common questions

Questions people ask

What does Human evidence mean?

Evidence from studies involving human participants, kept separate from preclinical and mechanistic evidence.

Why does Human evidence matter?

This term tells you what kind of research you are reading. It helps separate stronger human evidence from early or indirect evidence.

Is Human evidence proof that a cannabinoid works?

No. A definition helps explain the language. The related research pages and their sources show what was actually studied.

Sources

Research connected to this term

Definitions explain the word. These links show research records currently connected with it.

  1. 1
    A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the safety and effects of CBN with and without CBD on sleep quality preliminary human PubMed 37796540
  2. 2
    A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Assess the Effectiveness and Safety of Melatonin and Three Formulations of Floraworks Proprietary TruCBN for Improving Sleep preliminary human PubMed 39204082
  3. 3
    Cannabinol for acute treatment of insomnia disorder in a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial preliminary human PubMed 41698831
  4. 4
    Evaluation of the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of nanodispersible cannabidiol oral solution (150 mg/mL) versus placebo in mild to moderate anxiety subjects: A double blind multicenter randomized clinical trial. preliminary human PubMed 38797087
  5. 5
    Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of cannabidiol-rich cannabis extract in children with autism spectrum disorder: randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical trial. preliminary human PubMed 35617670
  6. 6
    Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV): a commentary on potential therapeutic benefit for the management of obesity and diabetes. preliminary human PubMed 33526143
See all 82 connected research sources
  1. 1
    A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the safety and effects of CBN with and without CBD on sleep quality preliminary human PubMed 37796540
  2. 2
    A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Assess the Effectiveness and Safety of Melatonin and Three Formulations of Floraworks Proprietary TruCBN for Improving Sleep preliminary human PubMed 39204082
  3. 3
    Cannabinol for acute treatment of insomnia disorder in a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial preliminary human PubMed 41698831
  4. 4
    Evaluation of the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of nanodispersible cannabidiol oral solution (150 mg/mL) versus placebo in mild to moderate anxiety subjects: A double blind multicenter randomized clinical trial. preliminary human PubMed 38797087
  5. 5
    Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of cannabidiol-rich cannabis extract in children with autism spectrum disorder: randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical trial. preliminary human PubMed 35617670
  6. 6
    Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV): a commentary on potential therapeutic benefit for the management of obesity and diabetes. preliminary human PubMed 33526143
  7. 7
    Cannabinoid Content in Cannabis Flowers and Homemade Cannabis-Based Products Used for Therapeutic Purposes in Argentina. preliminary human PubMed 33998894
  8. 8
    Cannabidiol for moderate-severe insomnia: a randomized controlled pilot trial of 150 mg of nightly dosing. preliminary human PubMed 38174873
  9. 9
    Cannabidiol for Scan-Related Anxiety in Women With Advanced Breast Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial. preliminary human PubMed 39680411
  10. 10
    Effect of Preoperative Oral Cannabidiol-Rich Cannabis Extract on Anxiety and Postoperative Pain after Endodontic Treatment: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial. preliminary human PubMed 39505200
  11. 11
    Oral Cannabis Extract for Secondary Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Final Results of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase II/III Trial. preliminary human PubMed 39151115
  12. 12
    Cannabidiol for Treatment-Resistant Anxiety Disorders in Young People: An Open-Label Trial. preliminary human PubMed 35921510
  13. 13
    Therapeutic potential of cannabidiol-rich Cannabis sativa to mitigate the severity of inflammation and pain: A pre-clinical study. preliminary human PubMed 41213439
  14. 14
    Delta9-tetrahydrocannabivarin as a marker for the ingestion of marijuana versus Marinol: results of a clinical study. preliminary human PubMed 11599601
  15. 15
    Quality and safety of hemp meal as a protein supplement for nonlactating dairy cows. preliminary human PubMed 37641272
  16. 16
    Adverse events associated with medical cannabis reported within a centralized call center. preliminary human PubMed 42158949
  17. 17
    Variation in Hospital Practices Regarding Marijuana Use in Pregnancy and Lactation. preliminary human PubMed 37729034
  18. 18
    Medical cannabis for treatment of insomnia in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. preliminary human PubMed 42207928
  19. 19
    Effectiveness of a Cannabinoids Supplement on Sleep and Mood in Adults With Subthreshold Insomnia: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Crossover Pilot Trial. preliminary human PubMed 39980821
  20. 20
    Modulation of striatal functional connectivity differences in adults with and without autism spectrum disorder in a single-dose randomized trial of cannabidivarin. preliminary human PubMed 34210360
  21. 21
    Effects of cannabidivarin (CBDV) on brain excitation and inhibition systems in adults with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): a single dose trial during magnetic resonance spectroscopy. preliminary human PubMed 31748505
  22. 22
    Unintentional ingestion of putative delta-8 tetrahydrocannabinol by two youth requiring critical care: a case report. preliminary human PubMed 36941718
  23. 23
    Using Large Language Models to Support Content Analysis: A Case Study of ChatGPT for Adverse Event Detection. preliminary human PubMed 38696245
  24. 24
    A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, repeated-dose pilot study of the safety, tolerability, and preliminary effects of a cannabidiol (CBD)- and cannabigerol (CBG)-based beverage powder to support recovery from delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). preliminary human PubMed 37947792
  25. 25
    Safety study of cannabidiol products in healthy dogs. preliminary human PubMed 38496308
  26. 26
    Transcriptomic comparison on the mechanism of action of four major constituent cannabinoids in hemp extract. preliminary human PubMed 42057192
  27. 27
    The Safety and Comparative Effectiveness of Non-Psychoactive Cannabinoid Formulations for the Improvement of Sleep: A Double-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial. preliminary human PubMed 37162192
  28. 28
    Development and validation of the Cannabis Exposure in Pregnancy Tool (CEPT): a mixed methods study. preliminary human PubMed 38627667
  29. 29
    Cannabidiol in patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy: an open-label interventional trial. preliminary human PubMed 26724101
  30. 30
    Pharmacological management of chronic neuropathic pain: revised consensus statement from the Canadian Pain Society. preliminary human PubMed 25479151
  31. 31
    The contribution of addictovigilance data to the French medical cannabis experimentation. preliminary human PubMed 39547825
  32. 32
    A Phase-2 Open-Label Trial of Cannabidiol to Treat Core and Associated Symptoms of Autism in Children and Adolescents Without Intellectual Disability. preliminary human PubMed 42204954
  33. 33
    Adverse Effects of Recreational and Medical Cannabis. preliminary human PubMed 33897066
  34. 34
    Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Four Endocannabinoids and Endocannabinoid-Like Substances in Plasma: Application in an HIV-Hepatitis C Virus Coinfected Population. preliminary human PubMed 41035123
  35. 35
    Impact of tetrahydrocannabinol on the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol metabolism: ABHD6 and ABHD12 as novel players in human placenta. preliminary human PubMed 32829065
  36. 36
    Biochemical and pharmacological characterization of human α/β-hydrolase domain containing 6 (ABHD6) and 12 (ABHD12). preliminary human PubMed 22969151
  37. 37
    Effect of Cannabidiol on Drop Seizures in the Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome. preliminary human PubMed 29768152
  38. 38
    Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome. preliminary human PubMed 28538134
  39. 39
    Potency Analysis of Medical Marijuana Products from New York State. preliminary human PubMed 31559335
  40. 40
    Cannabinoids in dermatology: a scoping review. preliminary human PubMed 30142706
  41. 41
    Using Transformer-Based Topic Modeling to Examine Discussions of Delta-8 Tetrahydrocannabinol: Content Analysis. preliminary human PubMed 38127427
  42. 42
    Derivation of a health-based guidance value for Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC) and its occurrence in food. preliminary human PubMed 41262681
  43. 43
    [Not Available]. preliminary human PubMed 39323250
  44. 44
    Cannabidiol and Liver Enzyme Level Elevations in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial. preliminary human PubMed 40622698
  45. 45
    Observed Impact of Long-Term Consumption of Oral Cannabidiol on Liver Function in Healthy Adults. preliminary human PubMed 34918948
  46. 46
    Add-on Cannabidiol Treatment for Drug-Resistant Seizures in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: A Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial. preliminary human PubMed 33346789
  47. 47
    Real-world evidence on the use of cannabidiol for the treatment of drug resistant epilepsy not related to Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Dravet syndrome or Tuberous Sclerosis Complex. preliminary human PubMed 37769547
  48. 48
    Retrospective Multicenter Chart Review Study of Adjunctive Cannabidiol for Seizures Associated with Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome, Dravet Syndrome and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex. preliminary human PubMed 40650804
  49. 49
    Cannabis-Based Medicine for Neuropathic Pain and Spasticity-A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial. preliminary human PubMed 37630995
  50. 50
    High-dose cannabidiol for chronic neuropathic pain associated with spinal cord injury: a randomised clinical trial. preliminary human PubMed 42256679
  51. 51
    The Effectiveness of Topical Cannabidiol Oil in Symptomatic Relief of Peripheral Neuropathy of the Lower Extremities. preliminary human PubMed 31793418
  52. 52
    Oral capsules of tetra-hydro-cannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD) and their combination in peripheral neuropathic pain treatment. preliminary human PubMed 36571471
  53. 53
    Oromucosal delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol/cannabidiol for neuropathic pain associated with multiple sclerosis: an uncontrolled, open-label, 2-year extension trial. preliminary human PubMed 18035205
  54. 54
    Medicinal cannabis improves sleep in adults with insomnia: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study. preliminary human PubMed 36539991
  55. 55
    Effects of a cannabidiol/terpene formulation on sleep in individuals with insomnia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover study. preliminary human PubMed 39167421
  56. 56
    The effect of nightly use of 150 mg cannabidiol on daytime neurocognitive performance in primary insomnia: a randomized controlled pilot trial. preliminary human PubMed 39153080
  57. 57
    Acute Effects of Oral Cannabinoids on Sleep and High-Density EEG in Insomnia: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial. preliminary human PubMed 40631525
  58. 58
    Evaluating possible 'next day' impairment in insomnia patients administered an oral medicinal cannabis product by night: a pilot randomized controlled trial. preliminary human PubMed 38758300
  59. 59
    Cannabidiol in patients with seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (GWPCARE4): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. preliminary human PubMed 29395273
  60. 60
    Ingestion of a THC-Rich Cannabis Oil in People with Fibromyalgia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. preliminary human PubMed 33118602
  61. 61
    Cannabidiol-Enriched Extract Oil for Postoperative Management of Chronic Pelvic Pain Secondary to Endometriosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial-DREAMLAND Study. preliminary human PubMed 42261989
  62. 62
    The effects of combinations of intranasal cocaine, smoked marijuana, and task performance on heart rate and blood pressure. preliminary human PubMed 2162543
  63. 63
    Cumulative Effects of Cannabis Oils on Body Temperature, Electrocardiography, Heart Rate Variability, Blood Pressure, and Respiratory Function in Telemetered Dogs. preliminary human PubMed 42131827
  64. 64
    Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) impairs visual working memory performance: a randomized crossover trial. preliminary human PubMed 32386395
  65. 65
    The Individual and Interactive Effects of Alpha-Pinene and Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Healthy Adults. preliminary human PubMed 40734690
  66. 66
    Cognitive and subjective dose-response effects of acute oral Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in infrequent cannabis users. preliminary human PubMed 12373420
  67. 67
    Comparison of orally administered cannabis extract and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in treating patients with cancer-related anorexia-cachexia syndrome: a multicenter, phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial from the Cannabis-In-Cachexia-Study-Group. preliminary human PubMed 16849753
  68. 68
    The Effects of Dosage-Controlled Cannabis Capsules on Cancer-Related Cachexia and Anorexia Syndrome in Advanced Cancer Patients: Pilot Study. preliminary human PubMed 31595793
  69. 69
    Cannabidiol (CBD) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) for chronic insomnia disorder ('CANSLEEP' trial): protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, proof-of-concept trial. preliminary human PubMed 32430450
  70. 70
    Cannabis: are there any benefits? preliminary human PubMed 33215831
  71. 71
    Nav1.8, an analgesic target for nonpsychotomimetic phytocannabinoids. preliminary human PubMed 39835903
  72. 72
    Evaluation of Biophysical Parameters of the Skin of Patients With Atopic Dermatitis After Application of an Ointment Containing 30% Cannabidiol and 5% Cannabigerol. preliminary human PubMed 40124934
  73. 73
    Survey of Patients Employing Cannabigerol-Predominant Cannabis Preparations: Perceived Medical Effects, Adverse Events, and Withdrawal Symptoms. preliminary human PubMed 34569849
  74. 74
    Urinary cannabinoid mass spectrometry profiles differentiate dronabinol from cannabis use. preliminary human PubMed 32795544
  75. 75
    Broad-spectrum bactericidal synergy of silver-cannabichromene-cannabigerol triple combinations against healthcare-associated pathogens. preliminary human PubMed 41983582
  76. 76
    A Two-Phase, Dose-Ranging, Placebo-Controlled Study of the Safety and Preliminary Test of Acute Effects of Oral Δ8-Tetrahydrocannabivarin in Healthy Participants. preliminary human PubMed 37721990
  77. 77
    The CB1 Neutral Antagonist Tetrahydrocannabivarin Reduces Default Mode Network and Increases Executive Control Network Resting State Functional Connectivity in Healthy Volunteers. preliminary human PubMed 26362774
  78. 78
    Quantification of Eight Cannabinoids Including Cannabidiol in Human Urine Via Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. preliminary human PubMed 30350275
  79. 79
    Members of the endocannabinoid system are distinctly regulated in inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. preliminary human PubMed 30787385
  80. 80
    Oral ibuprofen differentially affects plasma and sweat lipid mediator profiles in healthy adult males. preliminary human PubMed 29778785
  81. 81
    Antipsychotic Medication Influences the Discriminative Value of Acylethanolamides as Biomarkers of Substance Use Disorder. preliminary human PubMed 37298321
  82. 82
    Serum levels of endocannabinoids and related lipids in painful vs painless diabetic neuropathy: results from the Pain in Neuropathy Study. preliminary human PubMed 37578507