Outcome Research Guide

Adverse events, explained simply with PubMed links

This page translates Adverse events research into plain English: what scientists studied, what kind of evidence exists, where the source links are strong or limited, and which PubMed records support each bucket.

Launch set page

Read Evidence Overview Open Source Table

74research sources

40evidence buckets

PubMedlinked references

What this page is

A plain-English research page about Adverse events. It explains what researchers studied and links the PubMed or DOI sources.

How to use it

Read the overview first. If a sentence matters to you, open the PubMed link or source table below it.

Important limit

This page is education, not medical advice, dosing advice, or a recommendation to use cannabinoids.

Evidence Rows 109

Traceable statements carried into the source table.

Human Evidence 27

Rows where human participants, patients, or clinical evidence are visible.

Mechanisms 1

Biology, target, enzyme, receptor, or pharmacology rows.

Safety / Limits 39

Safety, tolerability, uncertainty, or insufficient-evidence context.

Evidence Overview

Adverse events has research behind it, but the bucket matters.

This page currently indexes 74 research sources across 40 evidence bucket(s). Read it as a map of what researchers have studied, not as a single bottom-line instruction. PMID 36206805

Human evidence 27 evidence rows

Human studies are separated from preclinical and mechanistic evidence so a reader can see where people were actually studied. PMID 36206805

Mechanisms 1 evidence row

Mechanistic rows explain biological plausibility, receptor activity, enzyme activity, or pharmacology; they do not automatically prove an outcome in people. PMID 36206805

Safety and limits 39 evidence rows

Safety, tolerability, product quality, impairment, interactions, and higher-risk contexts stay visible instead of being treated as footnotes. PMID 36206805

Evidence Buckets

What the Adverse events research is usually about

Jump to source-backed table

Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes

Adverse events appears in rows studying Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes. It currently draws from 16 research source(s), so the population, dose, route, and endpoint should be checked before reading across contexts. PMID 36206805

Pain-related outcomes

Adverse events appears in rows studying Pain-related outcomes. It currently draws from 8 research source(s), so the population, dose, route, and endpoint should be checked before reading across contexts. PMID 35510826

Pain-related outcomes

Adverse events appears in rows studying Pain-related outcomes. It currently draws from 5 research source(s), so the population, dose, route, and endpoint should be checked before reading across contexts. PMID 35982439

Safety, adverse events, impairment, and formulation concerns

Adverse events appears in rows studying Safety, adverse events, impairment, and formulation concerns. It currently draws from 5 research source(s), so the population, dose, route, and endpoint should be checked before reading across contexts. PMID 41142233

Safety, adverse events, impairment, and formulation concerns

Safety, risk, adverse events, and formulation concerns

Adverse events appears in rows studying Safety, risk, adverse events, and formulation concerns. It currently draws from 5 research source(s), so the population, dose, route, and endpoint should be checked before reading across contexts. PMID 37648266

Reader Map

Evidence buckets before the source table

Grouped for readability

Bucket	Plain-English meaning	Evidence posture	Starting source
Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes	Grouped source-backed rows focused on Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes, collapsed into one reader-facing bucket before the full source table.	Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (8), mechanistic or pharmacological (1), preliminary human (7)	PMID 36206805
Pain-related outcomes	Grouped source-backed rows focused on Pain-related outcomes, collapsed into one reader-facing bucket before the full source table.	Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (4), preliminary human (4)	PMID 35510826
Pain-related outcomes	Grouped source-backed rows focused on Pain-related outcomes, collapsed into one reader-facing bucket before the full source table.	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (5)	PMID 35982439
Safety, adverse events, impairment, and formulation concerns	Grouped source-backed rows focused on Safety, adverse events, impairment, and formulation concerns, collapsed into one reader-facing bucket before the full source table.	Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (4), preliminary human (1)	PMID 41142233
Safety, adverse events, impairment, and formulation concerns	Grouped source-backed rows focused on Safety, adverse events, impairment, and formulation concerns, collapsed into one reader-facing bucket before the full source table.	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (5)	PMID 30374683
Safety, risk, adverse events, and formulation concerns	Grouped source-backed rows focused on Safety, risk, adverse events, and formulation concerns, collapsed into one reader-facing bucket before the full source table.	Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (2), preliminary human (4)	PMID 37648266
Safety, risk, adverse events, and formulation concerns	Grouped source-backed rows focused on Safety, risk, adverse events, and formulation concerns, collapsed into one reader-facing bucket before the full source table.	Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (3), mechanistic or pharmacological (1), preliminary human (1)	PMID 39547825
Anxiety-related outcomes	Grouped source-backed rows focused on Anxiety-related outcomes, collapsed into one reader-facing bucket before the full source table.	Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (1), preliminary human (3)	PMID 38797087

Safety Reading Notes

Read safety context beside the research guide.

The Adverse events source set includes safety-context rows around Safety, adverse events, impairment, and formulation concerns. Public reading should keep these rows beside the benefit-oriented buckets, because product identity, dose, route, population, impairment, interactions, and adverse-event context can change what a study means. PMID 36206805

Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (4), preliminary human (1)

PubMed For Dummies Article

Adverse events Evidence Review: the long-form source walk-through

Quick read

Adverse events currently has 109 source-backed evidence row(s), so this page should be read as a research guide rather than a single conclusion. PMID 36206805
The evidence classes most visible in the row language are insufficient (61), preliminary human (41), mechanistic or pharmacological (6), and preclinical (1). PMID 41698831
The study-design language most visible in the row language is Human clinical study (41), Systematic review (24), Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis (18), and other mapped categories (17). PMID 35156171
The repeated topics are Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes (18), safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns (17), Pain-related outcomes (13), safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns (11), and other mapped categories (50), which tells the reader where to start opening PubMed and DOI links. PMID 38797087

Start with the research question

Adverse events is built from 109 source-backed evidence row(s) and 74 research source(s). The current evidence classes read as insufficient (61), preliminary human (41), mechanistic or pharmacological (6), and preclinical (1), and the study-design language most often reads as Human clinical study (41), Systematic review (24), Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis (18), and other mapped categories (17). PMID 36206805

The row-level question is not simply whether Adverse events is "good" or "bad." The useful question is what each row studied, what evidence class it received, and whether the source is close to the reader's actual question. The most repeated row topics are Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes (18), safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns (17), Pain-related outcomes (13), safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns (11), and other mapped categories (50). PMID 35510826

Human evidence 27 rows

Rows involving human participants, patients, or clinical source language. These rows are closer to everyday reader questions, but still depend on population, dose, route, comparator, and endpoint. PMID 30374683

Preclinical evidence 1 row

Animal, cellular, or model-based rows. These can explain why a topic is being studied, but they should not be read as human-health instructions. PMID 39007525

Mechanistic evidence 1 row

Rows about receptors, enzymes, channels, metabolism, binding, signaling, or pharmacology. These explain plausibility without proving a consumer outcome. PMID 41025421

Limits and uncertainty 100 rows

Rows where safety, tolerability, risk, product limits, or insufficient evidence need to stay visible next to the rest of the article. PMID 33093741

The lane labels are not a quality score. They are a reading method: keep human evidence, preclinical evidence, mechanisms, and uncertainty in separate mental boxes before deciding what a source can actually support. PMID 35982439

Where this page has the most source density

The largest bucket surfaced for this page is Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes. That does not automatically mean the topic is settled; it means this is where the current source trail is densest. The next visible bucket is Pain-related outcomes, which gives readers another way to see what the literature repeatedly circles. PMID 36206805

Source density should be read with evidence posture. A bucket can contain many rows and still be limited if the studies are indirect, mixed, preclinical, product-specific, or mostly review-level. The paragraphs below name the buckets directly and keep each explanation connected to a source record. PMID 35510826

Bucket chapters: what the literature is circling

Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes

16 research sources 16 rows (380-427) Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (8), mechanistic or pharmacological (1), preliminary human (7)

Read this bucket as closer to a real-world question, then check the study population, dose, product, comparator, and endpoint before generalizing beyond the source. PMID 36206805

Evidence row 380
CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis... PMID 36206805
Evidence row 427
CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis... PMID 33825230

Pain-related outcomes

8 research sources 8 rows (392-433) Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (4), preliminary human (4)

Read this bucket as closer to a real-world question, then check the study population, dose, product, comparator, and endpoint before generalizing beyond the source. PMID 35510826

Evidence row 8
CBN increases Subjective sleep quality; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: 20 adults with physician-diagnosed insomnia disorder; study design: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial; dos... PMID 41698831
Evidence row 392
CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes). PMID 35510826
Evidence row 433
CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes). PMID 42261989

Pain-related outcomes

5 research sources 5 rows (472-478) Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (5)

Read this bucket as an uncertainty marker. The source trail exists, but the current evidence posture is not strong enough for a broad plain-English conclusion. PMID 35982439

Evidence row 472
THC studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: pain-related out... PMID 35982439
Evidence row 478
THC studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes). PMID 29307505

Safety, adverse events, impairment, and formulation concerns

5 research sources 5 rows (93-153) Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (4), preliminary human (1)

Read this bucket as safety context first. It belongs beside any benefit-oriented rows because risk, route, dose, product quality, co-exposures, and population can change what a source means. PMID 41142233

Evidence row 93
Cannabinoids studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review... PMID 41142233
Evidence row 153
Cannabinoids studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 38176407

Safety, adverse events, impairment, and formulation concerns

5 research sources 5 rows (196-200) Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (5)

Evidence row 196
CBD studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measu... PMID 30374683
Evidence row 200
CBD studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; outcome measure: safety, adverse... PMID 37593907

Safety, risk, adverse events, and formulation concerns

5 research sources 6 rows (217-324) Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (2), preliminary human (4)

Evidence row 6
CBN no detected effect on Wake after sleep onset; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: 20 adults with physician-diagnosed insomnia disorder; study design: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover... PMID 41698831
Evidence row 217
CBD studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome... PMID 37648266
Evidence row 324
CBD studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical stud... PMID 28538134

Safety, risk, adverse events, and formulation concerns

5 research sources 5 rows (221-322) Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (3), mechanistic or pharmacological (1), preliminary human (1)

Evidence row 221
THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or f... PMID 39547825
Evidence row 322
THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-spe... PMID 33536055

Anxiety-related outcomes

4 research sources 4 rows (28-63) Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (1), preliminary human (3)

Adverse events appears in rows studying Anxiety-related outcomes. It currently draws from 4 research source(s), so the population, dose, route, and endpoint should be checked before reading across contexts. PMID 38797087

Read this bucket as closer to a real-world question, then check the study population, dose, product, comparator, and endpoint before generalizing beyond the source. PMID 38797087

Evidence row 28
CBD studied for Anxiety-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: anxiety-related outcomes). PMID 38797087
Evidence row 63
CBD studied for Anxiety-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: anxiety-related outcomes). PMID 35921510

Human evidence, mechanisms, and safety are different lanes

This page currently separates human evidence (27 row(s)), mechanistic evidence (1 row(s)), and safety/tolerability context (39 row(s)). That separation is the heart of the site. Mechanistic evidence can make a topic biologically interesting, but it should not silently become a human outcome. PMID 36206805

Human evidence still depends on population, dose, route, duration, product identity, and endpoint. Safety rows belong in the same reading path as benefit-oriented rows because formulation, co-exposures, prescription medications, impairment context, and higher-risk populations can change how close a source is to a reader's question. PMID 35510826

What this does and does not mean

It means the page has a traceable source trail. It does not mean every bucket has the same clinical strength. PMID 39151115
It means mechanisms, animal models, human studies, safety rows, and insufficient-evidence rows are being kept visible as separate evidence types. PMID 35921510
It does not turn a preclinical mechanism into a consumer recommendation, and it does not treat one product, dose, route, or population as interchangeable with another. PMID 42339654

How to use the source table

The source-backed evidence table below is the audit trail. Each row keeps a public sentence connected to a source record when a PubMed ID or DOI is available. If a sentence feels important, the reader should be able to click through, inspect the study type, and decide whether the source is close to the question they care about. PMID 36206805

This is why the public page is intentionally layered. The top gives the reader a fast orientation. The bucket table groups repeated rows into readable topics. The article body explains the buckets using the actual evidence-row language. The source notes below walk through every evidence row before the source table repeats the technical trace. PMID 35510826

Source-reading checklist for Adverse events

Open the linked PubMed or DOI record. PMID 41142233
Check whether the source studied humans, animals, cells, chemistry, pharmacology, product testing, or a review of prior literature. PMID 21845389
Compare the source product, dose, route, population, and endpoint to the question being asked. PMID 41548880
Look for safety, tolerability, drug-interaction, impairment, pregnancy, pediatric, psychiatric, cardiovascular, and product-quality context before treating the bucket as settled. PMID 42158949
Return to the evidence table when the article summary sounds too broad; the row is the audit unit. PMID 37648266

Source Notes

Adverse events source-by-source reading notes

These notes pull every evidence row on this page into the readable article body before the source table repeats the audit trail. Each note keeps the row language beside the PubMed or DOI link when available.

Evidence row 6
CBN no detected effect on Wake after sleep onset; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: 20 adults with physician-diagnosed insomnia disorder; study design: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial; dose: single oral dose of 30 mg or 300 mg CBN; outcome measure: polysomnography wake after sleep onset). PMID 41698831
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial. Source: Cannabinol for acute treatment of insomnia disorder in a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial
Evidence row 7
CBN decreases Sleep onset latency; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: 20 adults with physician-diagnosed insomnia disorder; study design: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial; dose: 300 mg CBN; outcome measure: sleep onset latency). PMID 41698831
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial. Source: Cannabinol for acute treatment of insomnia disorder in a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial
Evidence row 8
CBN increases Subjective sleep quality; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: 20 adults with physician-diagnosed insomnia disorder; study design: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial; dose: 300 mg CBN; outcome measure: Subjective sleep quality). PMID 41698831
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial. Source: Cannabinol for acute treatment of insomnia disorder in a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial
Evidence row 9
CBN increases NREM-2 sleep; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: 20 adults with physician-diagnosed insomnia disorder; study design: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial; dose: 300 mg CBN; outcome measure: polysomnography NREM-2 sleep). PMID 41698831
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial. Source: Cannabinol for acute treatment of insomnia disorder in a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial
Evidence row 15
CBN associated with Adverse events; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: 20 adults with physician-diagnosed insomnia disorder; study design: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial; dose: single oral dose of 30 mg or 300 mg CBN, or placebo; outcome measure: mild-to-moderate adverse events across arms). PMID 41698831
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial. Source: Cannabinol for acute treatment of insomnia disorder in a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial
Evidence row 22
CBD interacts with drug or class drug-interaction mechanisms or safety-relevant outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: drug-interaction or safety-relevant outcomes). PMID 36206805
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: Clinical efficacy and safety of cannabidiol for pediatric refractory epilepsy indications: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Evidence row 24
CBD interacts with drug or class drug-interaction mechanisms or safety-relevant outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; outcome measure: drug-interaction or safety-relevant outcomes). PMID 35156171
Evidence class: insufficient. Source: A Practical Guide to the Treatment of Dravet Syndrome with Anti-Seizure Medication.
Evidence row 28
CBD studied for Anxiety-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: anxiety-related outcomes). PMID 38797087
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Evaluation of the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of nanodispersible cannabidiol oral solution (150 mg/mL) versus placebo in mild to moderate anxiety subjects: A double blind multicenter randomized clinical trial.
Evidence row 47
CBD interacts with drug or class drug-interaction mechanisms or safety-relevant outcomes; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: drug-interaction or safety-relevant outcomes). PMID 30374683
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: A Phase I, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Single Ascending Dose, Multiple Dose, and Food Effect Trial of the Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Highly Purified Cannabidiol in Healthy Subjects.
Evidence row 49
CBD interacts with drug or class drug-interaction mechanisms or safety-relevant outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: drug-interaction or safety-relevant outcomes). PMID 39007525
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Consensus panel recommendations for the optimization of EPIDIOLEX® treatment for seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Dravet syndrome, and tuberous sclerosis complex.
Evidence row 53
THC associated with driving impairment or safety-relevant performance outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: driving impairment or performance outcomes). PMID 41025421
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: Pharmacotherapies for cannabis use disorder.
Evidence row 55
THC associated with driving impairment or safety-relevant performance outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: driving impairment or performance outcomes). PMID 33093741
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Prescribing medicinal cannabis.
Evidence row 61
CBD studied for Anxiety-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: anxiety-related outcomes). PMID 35982439
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: Medical cannabinoids: a pharmacology-based systematic review and meta-analysis for all relevant medical indications.
Evidence row 62
CBD studied for Anxiety-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: anxiety-related outcomes). PMID 39151115
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Oral Cannabis Extract for Secondary Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Final Results of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase II/III Trial.
Evidence row 63
CBD studied for Anxiety-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: anxiety-related outcomes). PMID 35921510
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Cannabidiol for Treatment-Resistant Anxiety Disorders in Young People: An Open-Label Trial.
Evidence row 84
CBDV studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: seizure-related or neurodevelopmental outcomes). PMID 42339654
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Efficacy and Safety of Cannabinoid-Based Products in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Fragile X Syndrome and Rett Syndrome: A Systematic Review.
Evidence row 93
Cannabinoids studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 41142233
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Pharmacologic treatment of fibromyalgia: an update.
Evidence row 94
Cannabinoids studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 21845389
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: The safety of studies with intravenous Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol in humans, with case histories.
Evidence row 95
Cannabinoids studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 41548880
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: Cannabis-based medicines for chronic neuropathic pain in adults.
Evidence row 97
Cannabinoids studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 42158949
Evidence class: preliminary human. Source: Adverse events associated with medical cannabis reported within a centralized call center.
Evidence row 98
CBD studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts). PMID 37648266
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Balancing risks and benefits of cannabis use: umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials and observational studies.
Evidence row 108
CBN studied for Sleep; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes). PMID 39980821
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Effectiveness of a Cannabinoids Supplement on Sleep and Mood in Adults With Subthreshold Insomnia: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Crossover Pilot Trial.
Evidence row 110
CBDV studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: preclinical (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: seizure-related or neurodevelopmental outcomes). PMID 35364618
Evidence class: preclinical; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Efficacy and safety of cannabidivarin treatment of epilepsy in girls with Rett syndrome: A phase 1 clinical trial.
Evidence row 149
CBN studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 41698831
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Cannabinol for acute treatment of insomnia disorder in a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial
Evidence row 150
Delta-8 THC studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Case report or case series; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 37217977
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Case report or case series. Source: Self-reported adverse events associated with ∆8-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta-8-THC) Use.
Evidence row 151
Delta-8 THC studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 38868665
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Systematic review of drug-drug interactions of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, and Cannabis.
Evidence row 152
Delta-8 THC studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 39805119
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Evaluating Delta-8-THC-Induced Psychosis: A Systematic Review.
Evidence row 153
Cannabinoids studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 38176407
Evidence class: insufficient. Source: Prevalence of carboxy-Δ8-tetrahydrocannabiniol in antidoping samples.
Evidence row 156
Delta-8 THC studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 38696245
Evidence class: preliminary human. Source: Using Large Language Models to Support Content Analysis: A Case Study of ChatGPT for Adverse Event Detection.
Evidence row 162
CBG studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 38496308
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Safety study of cannabidiol products in healthy dogs.
Evidence row 165
CBDA studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 41822224
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Physiological effect and pharmacokinetic evaluation of combined oral administration of cannabidiolic acid and cannabigerolic acid in dogs.
Evidence row 175
CBD studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts). PMID 36206805
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: Clinical efficacy and safety of cannabidiol for pediatric refractory epilepsy indications: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Evidence row 186
CBD studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts). PMID 26724101
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Cannabidiol in patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy: an open-label interventional trial.
Evidence row 188
CBD studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts). PMID 33754312
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Highly Purified Cannabidiol for Epilepsy Treatment: A Systematic Review of Epileptic Conditions Beyond Dravet Syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome.
Evidence row 196
CBD studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 30374683
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: A Phase I, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Single Ascending Dose, Multiple Dose, and Food Effect Trial of the Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Highly Purified Cannabidiol in Healthy Subjects.
Evidence row 197
CBD studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 39585547
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Update on Cannabidiol in Drug-Resistant Epilepsy.
Evidence row 198
CBD studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 31802404
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: A Phase I, Open-Label, Parallel-Group, Single-Dose Trial of the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Cannabidiol in Subjects with Mild to Severe Renal Impairment.
Evidence row 199
CBD studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 33667843
Evidence class: insufficient. Source: Long-term safety and efficacy of highly purified cannabidiol for treatment refractory epilepsy.
Evidence row 200
CBD studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 37593907
Evidence class: insufficient. Source: Final analysis of potential drug-drug interactions between highly purified cannabidiol and anti-seizure medications in an open-label expanded access program.
Evidence row 217
CBD studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 37648266
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Balancing risks and benefits of cannabis use: umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials and observational studies.
Evidence row 221
THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 39547825
Evidence class: preliminary human. Source: The contribution of addictovigilance data to the French medical cannabis experimentation.
Evidence row 227
CBD studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 42204954
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: A Phase-2 Open-Label Trial of Cannabidiol to Treat Core and Associated Symptoms of Autism in Children and Adolescents Without Intellectual Disability.
Evidence row 228
THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 41025421
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: Pharmacotherapies for cannabis use disorder.
Evidence row 230
THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 35510826
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Cannabis and cannabinoids for symptomatic treatment for people with multiple sclerosis.
Evidence row 231
THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 40186931
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: The differential effects of medicinal cannabis on mental health: A systematic review.
Evidence row 233
THC studied for Cannabinoids and nausea/vomiting research outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: Cannabinoids and nausea/vomiting research outcomes). PMID 39151115
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Oral Cannabis Extract for Secondary Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Final Results of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase II/III Trial.
Evidence row 236
Cannabinoids studied for Cannabinoids and nausea/vomiting research outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: Cannabinoids and nausea/vomiting research outcomes). PMID 29168289
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Cannabinoids for nausea and vomiting related to chemotherapy: Overview of systematic reviews.
Evidence row 320
CBD studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 37648266
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Balancing risks and benefits of cannabis use: umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials and observational studies.
Evidence row 321
CBD studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 26724101
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Cannabidiol in patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy: an open-label interventional trial.
Evidence row 322
THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 33536055
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Cannabinoid treatment for autism: a proof-of-concept randomized trial.
Evidence row 323
CBD studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 29768152
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Effect of Cannabidiol on Drop Seizures in the Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome.
Evidence row 324
CBD studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 28538134
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome.
Evidence row 365
CBD modulates endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms). PMID 29768152
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Effect of Cannabidiol on Drop Seizures in the Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome.
Evidence row 373
CBD modulates endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms). PMID 39228144
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Clinical guidance for cannabidiol-associated hepatotoxicity: A narrative review.
Evidence row 380
CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes). PMID 36206805
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: Clinical efficacy and safety of cannabidiol for pediatric refractory epilepsy indications: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Evidence row 381
CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes). PMID 39007525
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Consensus panel recommendations for the optimization of EPIDIOLEX® treatment for seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Dravet syndrome, and tuberous sclerosis complex.
Evidence row 382
CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes). PMID 33346789
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Add-on Cannabidiol Treatment for Drug-Resistant Seizures in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: A Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial.
Evidence row 383
CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes). PMID 33754312
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Highly Purified Cannabidiol for Epilepsy Treatment: A Systematic Review of Epileptic Conditions Beyond Dravet Syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome.
Evidence row 385
CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes). PMID 36417631
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: Use of cannabidiol in the treatment of epilepsy: Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Dravet syndrome, and tuberous sclerosis complex.
Evidence row 386
CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes). PMID 36194365
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Psychobehavioural and Cognitive Adverse Events of Anti-Seizure Medications for the Treatment of Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies.
Evidence row 387
CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes). PMID 37769547
Evidence class: preliminary human. Source: Real-world evidence on the use of cannabidiol for the treatment of drug resistant epilepsy not related to Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Dravet syndrome or Tuberous Sclerosis Complex.
Evidence row 388
CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes). PMID 40650804
Evidence class: preliminary human. Source: Retrospective Multicenter Chart Review Study of Adjunctive Cannabidiol for Seizures Associated with Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome, Dravet Syndrome and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex.
Evidence row 392
CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes). PMID 35510826
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Cannabis and cannabinoids for symptomatic treatment for people with multiple sclerosis.
Evidence row 393
CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes). PMID 29513392
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: Cannabis-based medicines for chronic neuropathic pain in adults.
Evidence row 394
CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes). PMID 41429020
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Cannabis-Based Products for Chronic Pain : An Updated Systematic Review.
Evidence row 396
CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes). PMID 42256679
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: High-dose cannabidiol for chronic neuropathic pain associated with spinal cord injury: a randomised clinical trial.
Evidence row 398
CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes). PMID 31793418
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: The Effectiveness of Topical Cannabidiol Oil in Symptomatic Relief of Peripheral Neuropathy of the Lower Extremities.
Evidence row 402
CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes). PMID 18035205
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Oromucosal delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol/cannabidiol for neuropathic pain associated with multiple sclerosis: an uncontrolled, open-label, 2-year extension trial.
Evidence row 404
CBD studied for Sleep; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes). PMID 39980821
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Effectiveness of a Cannabinoids Supplement on Sleep and Mood in Adults With Subthreshold Insomnia: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Crossover Pilot Trial.
Evidence row 406
CBD studied for Sleep; evidence class: preliminary human (study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes). PMID 39167421
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Effects of a cannabidiol/terpene formulation on sleep in individuals with insomnia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover study.
Evidence row 411
CBD studied for Sleep; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes). PMID 41856154
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: The efficacy and safety of cannabinoids for the treatment of mental disorders and substance use disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Evidence row 413
CBD studied for Sleep; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes). PMID 36107800
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Cannabis dosing and administration for sleep: a systematic review.
Evidence row 416
CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes). PMID 26724101
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Cannabidiol in patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy: an open-label interventional trial.
Evidence row 417
CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes). PMID 29395273
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Cannabidiol in patients with seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (GWPCARE4): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial.
Evidence row 418
CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes). PMID 38427284
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Comparative efficacy and safety of stiripentol, cannabidiol and fenfluramine as first-line add-on therapies for seizures in Dravet syndrome: A network meta-analysis.
Evidence row 419
CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes). PMID 29768152
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Effect of Cannabidiol on Drop Seizures in the Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome.
Evidence row 420
CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes). PMID 28538134
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome.
Evidence row 422
CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes). PMID 29540584
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Randomized, dose-ranging safety trial of cannabidiol in Dravet syndrome.
Evidence row 424
CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes). PMID 40072476
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Long-term safety and effectiveness of fenfluramine in children and adults with Dravet syndrome.
Evidence row 427
CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes). PMID 33825230
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: Anti-seizure medications for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.
Evidence row 430
CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes). PMID 37648266
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Balancing risks and benefits of cannabis use: umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials and observational studies.
Evidence row 433
CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes). PMID 42261989
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Cannabidiol-Enriched Extract Oil for Postoperative Management of Chronic Pelvic Pain Secondary to Endometriosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial-DREAMLAND Study.
Evidence row 442
THC studied for Psychiatric risk; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: psychiatric risk outcomes). PMID 31672337
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: Cannabinoids for the treatment of mental disorders and symptoms of mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Evidence row 452
THC studied for Dependence and withdrawal; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: dependence or withdrawal outcomes). PMID 41025421
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: Pharmacotherapies for cannabis use disorder.
Evidence row 454
THC studied for Dependence and withdrawal; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: dependence or withdrawal outcomes). PMID 35510826
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Cannabis and cannabinoids for symptomatic treatment for people with multiple sclerosis.
Evidence row 455
THC studied for Dependence and withdrawal; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: dependence or withdrawal outcomes). PMID 40186931
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: The differential effects of medicinal cannabis on mental health: A systematic review.
Evidence row 472
THC studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes). PMID 35982439
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: Medical cannabinoids: a pharmacology-based systematic review and meta-analysis for all relevant medical indications.
Evidence row 473
THC studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes). PMID 41429020
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Cannabis-Based Products for Chronic Pain : An Updated Systematic Review.
Evidence row 476
THC studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes). PMID 37283486
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: Cannabis-based medicines and medical cannabis for adults with cancer pain.
Evidence row 477
THC studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes). PMID 35667066
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Cannabis-Based Products for Chronic Pain : A Systematic Review.
Evidence row 478
THC studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes). PMID 29307505
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Practical considerations in medical cannabis administration and dosing.
Evidence row 481
THC studied for Nausea and vomiting; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: nausea, vomiting, or antiemetic outcomes). PMID 35982439
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: Medical cannabinoids: a pharmacology-based systematic review and meta-analysis for all relevant medical indications.
Evidence row 482
THC studied for Nausea and vomiting; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: nausea, vomiting, or antiemetic outcomes). PMID 39151115
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Oral Cannabis Extract for Secondary Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Final Results of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase II/III Trial.
Evidence row 493
THC studied for Appetite and metabolic outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: appetite or metabolic outcomes). PMID 29400010
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: Systematic review and meta-analysis of cannabinoids in palliative medicine.
Evidence row 495
THC studied for Appetite and metabolic outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: appetite or metabolic outcomes). PMID 15050664
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Systematic review of megestrol acetate in the treatment of anorexia-cachexia syndrome.
Evidence row 498
THC studied for Sleep; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes). PMID 40186931
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: The differential effects of medicinal cannabis on mental health: A systematic review.
Evidence row 502
THC studied for Sleep; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes). PMID 36107800
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Cannabis dosing and administration for sleep: a systematic review.
Evidence row 505
THC studied for Sleep; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes). PMID 33215831
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Cannabis: are there any benefits?
Evidence row 509
CBN studied for safety, tolerability, sedation, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, tolerability, sedation, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 41698831
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Cannabinol for acute treatment of insomnia disorder in a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial
Evidence row 510
CBN studied for safety, tolerability, sedation, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, tolerability, sedation, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 39980821
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Effectiveness of a Cannabinoids Supplement on Sleep and Mood in Adults With Subthreshold Insomnia: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Crossover Pilot Trial.
Evidence row 546
CBG studied for safety, tolerability, adverse-event, impairment, toxicity, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, tolerability, adverse-event, impairment, toxicity, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 38496308
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Safety study of cannabidiol products in healthy dogs.
Evidence row 562
CBG studied for safety, tolerability, adverse-event, impairment, toxicity, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, tolerability, adverse-event, impairment, toxicity, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 35246858
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Single dose and chronic oral administration of cannabigerol and cannabigerolic acid-rich hemp extract in fed and fasted dogs: Physiological effect and pharmacokinetic evaluation.
Evidence row 629
CBG studied for Appetite and metabolic outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: appetite-related, weight, glucose, or metabolic outcomes). PMID 34569849
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Survey of Patients Employing Cannabigerol-Predominant Cannabis Preparations: Perceived Medical Effects, Adverse Events, and Withdrawal Symptoms.
Evidence row 651
CBC studied for safety, tolerability, adverse-event, impairment, toxicity, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, tolerability, adverse-event, impairment, toxicity, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 33134364
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: Pharmacokinetic and Safety Evaluation of Various Oral Doses of a Novel 1:20 THC:CBD Cannabis Herbal Extract in Dogs.
Evidence row 745
THCV studied for safety, tolerability, adverse-event, impairment, THC-interaction, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, tolerability, adverse-event, impairment, THC-interaction, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 37721990
Evidence class: preliminary human; Study design: Human clinical study. Source: A Two-Phase, Dose-Ranging, Placebo-Controlled Study of the Safety and Preliminary Test of Acute Effects of Oral Δ8-Tetrahydrocannabivarin in Healthy Participants.
Evidence row 843
THC modulates CB1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB1 neurobehavioral, appetite, metabolic, pain, cognition, or synaptic mechanisms). PMID 27086601
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Endocannabinoid System: A Multi-Facet Therapeutic Target.
Evidence row 1045
CBD modulates TRPA1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: TRPA1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 35605018
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Systematic Review on Transdermal/Topical Cannabidiol Trials: A Reconsidered Way Forward.
Evidence row 1057
CBD modulates TRPM8; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: TRPM8 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 35605018
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Systematic Review on Transdermal/Topical Cannabidiol Trials: A Reconsidered Way Forward.
Evidence row 1115
PEA studied for PEA biology, receptor or target pharmacology, inflammation, pain-related mechanisms, or safety-relevant mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: PEA biology, receptor or target pharmacology, inflammation, pain-related mechanisms, or safety-relevant mechanisms). PMID 24602801
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Targeting inflammation: new therapeutic approaches in chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Source Trail

Source-backed evidence table and references

74 research sources

This section is the technical source layer under the overview. It keeps grouped evidence buckets, evidence rows, PubMed or DOI links, related pages, and references visible for audit and revision.

Plain-Language Summary

This outcome page summarizes cannabinoid-related evidence connected to Adverse events. The current ledger contributes 109 evidence row(s) from 74 source(s).

Identity

Canonical name: adverse-events
Type: outcome
Subtype: Not recorded
Description: Not recorded

Evidence Snapshot

Evidence rows: 109
Sources: 74
Evidence classes: insufficient (61), mechanistic or pharmacological (6), preclinical (1), preliminary human (41)
Draft sections: human evidence (27), mechanistic evidence (1), preclinical evidence (1), safety (39), uncertainty (41)

Key Draft Sections

Human evidence: 27 evidence row(s).
Safety and tolerability: 39 evidence row(s).
Uncertainty and gaps: 41 evidence row(s).
Preclinical evidence: 1 evidence row(s).
Mechanistic evidence: 1 evidence row(s).

Compounds Studied With This Outcome

Subject	Relationship	Object Or Focus	Evidence Summary	Sources	Evidence Rows
Cannabinoids	studied for	Cannabinoids and nausea/vomiting research outcomes	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (1)	1	236
Cannabinoids	studied for	safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns	Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (4), preliminary human (1)	5	5 rows (93-153)
CBC	studied for	safety, tolerability, adverse-event, impairment, toxicity, or formulation-specific concerns	Mechanistic research summary: mechanistic or pharmacological (1)	1	651
CBD	studied for	Anxiety-related outcomes	Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (1), preliminary human (3)	4	4 rows (28-63)
CBD	interacts with drug or class	drug-interaction mechanisms or safety-relevant outcomes	Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (3), mechanistic or pharmacological (1)	4	4 rows (22-49)
CBD	modulates	endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms	Early human research summary: insufficient (1), preliminary human (1)	2	2 rows (365-373)
CBD	studied for	Pain-related outcomes	Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (4), preliminary human (4)	8	8 rows (392-433)
CBD	studied for	pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts	Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (3), preliminary human (1)	4	4 rows (98-188)
CBD	studied for	safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (5)	5	5 rows (196-200)
CBD	studied for	safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns	Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (2), preliminary human (4)	5	6 rows (217-324)
CBD	studied for	Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes	Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (8), mechanistic or pharmacological (1), preliminary human (7)	16	16 rows (380-427)
CBD	studied for	Sleep	Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (2), preliminary human (2)	4	4 rows (404-413)
CBD	modulates	TRPA1	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (1)	1	1045
CBD	modulates	TRPM8	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (1)	1	1057
CBDA	studied for	safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns	Mechanistic research summary: mechanistic or pharmacological (1)	1	165
CBDV	studied for	Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes	Preclinical research summary: insufficient (1), preclinical (1)	2	2 rows (84-110)
CBG	studied for	Appetite and metabolic outcomes	Early human research summary: preliminary human (1)	1	629
CBG	studied for	safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns	Early human research summary: preliminary human (1)	1	162
CBG	studied for	safety, tolerability, adverse-event, impairment, toxicity, or formulation-specific concerns	Early human research summary: mechanistic or pharmacological (1), preliminary human (1)	2	2 rows (546-562)
CBN	associated with	Adverse events	Early human research summary: preliminary human (1)	1	15
CBN	increases	NREM-2 sleep	Early human research summary: preliminary human (1)	1	9
CBN	studied for	safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns	Early human research summary: preliminary human (1)	1	149
CBN	studied for	safety, tolerability, sedation, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns	Early human research summary: preliminary human (2)	2	2 rows (509-510)
CBN	studied for	Sleep	Early human research summary: preliminary human (1)	1	108
CBN	decreases	Sleep onset latency	Early human research summary: preliminary human (1)	1	7
CBN	increases	Subjective sleep quality	Early human research summary: preliminary human (1)	1	8
CBN	no detected effect on	Wake after sleep onset	Early human research summary: preliminary human (1)	1	6
Delta-8 THC	studied for	safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns	Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (3), preliminary human (1)	4	4 rows (150-156)
PEA	studied for	PEA biology, receptor or target pharmacology, inflammation, pain-related mechanisms, or safety-relevant mechanisms	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (1)	1	1115
THC	studied for	Appetite and metabolic outcomes	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (2)	2	2 rows (493-495)
THC	studied for	Cannabinoids and nausea/vomiting research outcomes	Early human research summary: preliminary human (1)	1	233
THC	modulates	CB1	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (1)	1	843
THC	studied for	Dependence and withdrawal	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (3)	3	3 rows (452-455)
THC	associated with	driving impairment or safety-relevant performance outcomes	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (2)	2	2 rows (53-55)
THC	studied for	Nausea and vomiting	Early human research summary: insufficient (1), preliminary human (1)	2	2 rows (481-482)
THC	studied for	Pain-related outcomes	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (5)	5	5 rows (472-478)
THC	studied for	Psychiatric risk	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (1)	1	442
THC	studied for	safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns	Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (3), mechanistic or pharmacological (1), preliminary human (1)	5	5 rows (221-322)
THC	studied for	Sleep	Developed but mixed human research summary: insufficient (2), preliminary human (1)	3	3 rows (498-505)
THCV	studied for	safety, tolerability, adverse-event, impairment, THC-interaction, or formulation-specific concerns	Early human research summary: preliminary human (1)	1	745

Source-Backed Evidence Table

Evidence Row	Statement	Source
6	CBN no detected effect on Wake after sleep onset; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: 20 adults with physician-diagnosed insomnia disorder; study design: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial; dose: single oral dose of 30 mg or 300 mg CBN; outcome measure: polysomnography wake after sleep onset).	Cannabinol for acute treatment of insomnia disorder in a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trialPubMed 41698831 DOI 10.1111/jsr.70284
7	CBN decreases Sleep onset latency; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: 20 adults with physician-diagnosed insomnia disorder; study design: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial; dose: 300 mg CBN; outcome measure: sleep onset latency).	Cannabinol for acute treatment of insomnia disorder in a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trialPubMed 41698831 DOI 10.1111/jsr.70284
8	CBN increases Subjective sleep quality; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: 20 adults with physician-diagnosed insomnia disorder; study design: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial; dose: 300 mg CBN; outcome measure: Subjective sleep quality).	Cannabinol for acute treatment of insomnia disorder in a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trialPubMed 41698831 DOI 10.1111/jsr.70284
9	CBN increases NREM-2 sleep; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: 20 adults with physician-diagnosed insomnia disorder; study design: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial; dose: 300 mg CBN; outcome measure: polysomnography NREM-2 sleep).	Cannabinol for acute treatment of insomnia disorder in a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trialPubMed 41698831 DOI 10.1111/jsr.70284
15	CBN associated with Adverse events; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: 20 adults with physician-diagnosed insomnia disorder; study design: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial; dose: single oral dose of 30 mg or 300 mg CBN, or placebo; outcome measure: mild-to-moderate adverse events across arms).	Cannabinol for acute treatment of insomnia disorder in a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trialPubMed 41698831 DOI 10.1111/jsr.70284
22	CBD interacts with drug or class drug-interaction mechanisms or safety-relevant outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: drug-interaction or safety-relevant outcomes).	Clinical efficacy and safety of cannabidiol for pediatric refractory epilepsy indications: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PubMed 36206805 DOI 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114238
24	CBD interacts with drug or class drug-interaction mechanisms or safety-relevant outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; outcome measure: drug-interaction or safety-relevant outcomes).	A Practical Guide to the Treatment of Dravet Syndrome with Anti-Seizure Medication.PubMed 35156171 DOI 10.1007/s40263-022-00898-1
28	CBD studied for Anxiety-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: anxiety-related outcomes).	Evaluation of the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of nanodispersible cannabidiol oral solution (150 mg/mL) versus placebo in mild to moderate anxiety subjects: A double blind multicenter randomized clinical trial.PubMed 38797087 DOI 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104073
47	CBD interacts with drug or class drug-interaction mechanisms or safety-relevant outcomes; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: drug-interaction or safety-relevant outcomes).	A Phase I, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Single Ascending Dose, Multiple Dose, and Food Effect Trial of the Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Highly Purified Cannabidiol in Healthy Subjects.PubMed 30374683 DOI 10.1007/s40263-018-0578-5
49	CBD interacts with drug or class drug-interaction mechanisms or safety-relevant outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: drug-interaction or safety-relevant outcomes).	Consensus panel recommendations for the optimization of EPIDIOLEX® treatment for seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Dravet syndrome, and tuberous sclerosis complex.PubMed 39007525 DOI 10.1002/epi4.12956
53	THC associated with driving impairment or safety-relevant performance outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: driving impairment or performance outcomes).	Pharmacotherapies for cannabis use disorder.PubMed 41025421 DOI 10.1002/14651858.cd008940.pub4
55	THC associated with driving impairment or safety-relevant performance outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: driving impairment or performance outcomes).	Prescribing medicinal cannabis.PubMed 33093741 DOI 10.18773/austprescr.2020.052
61	CBD studied for Anxiety-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: anxiety-related outcomes).	Medical cannabinoids: a pharmacology-based systematic review and meta-analysis for all relevant medical indications.PubMed 35982439 DOI 10.1186/s12916-022-02459-1
62	CBD studied for Anxiety-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: anxiety-related outcomes).	Oral Cannabis Extract for Secondary Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Final Results of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase II/III Trial.PubMed 39151115 DOI 10.1200/jco.23.01836
63	CBD studied for Anxiety-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: anxiety-related outcomes).	Cannabidiol for Treatment-Resistant Anxiety Disorders in Young People: An Open-Label Trial.PubMed 35921510 DOI 10.4088/jcp.21m14130
84	CBDV studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: seizure-related or neurodevelopmental outcomes).	Efficacy and Safety of Cannabinoid-Based Products in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Fragile X Syndrome and Rett Syndrome: A Systematic Review.PubMed 42339654 DOI 10.1177/10445463261462382
93	Cannabinoids studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns).	Pharmacologic treatment of fibromyalgia: an update.PubMed 41142233 DOI 10.3389/fphar.2025.1651181
94	Cannabinoids studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns).	The safety of studies with intravenous Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol in humans, with case histories.PubMed 21845389 DOI 10.1007/s00213-011-2417-y
95	Cannabinoids studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns).	Cannabis-based medicines for chronic neuropathic pain in adults.PubMed 41548880 DOI 10.1002/14651858.cd012182.pub3
97	Cannabinoids studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns).	Adverse events associated with medical cannabis reported within a centralized call center.PubMed 42158949 DOI 10.3389/fphar.2026.1792520
98	CBD studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts).	Balancing risks and benefits of cannabis use: umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials and observational studies.PubMed 37648266 DOI 10.1136/bmj-2022-072348
108	CBN studied for Sleep; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes).	Effectiveness of a Cannabinoids Supplement on Sleep and Mood in Adults With Subthreshold Insomnia: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Crossover Pilot Trial.PubMed 39980821 DOI 10.1002/hsr2.70481
110	CBDV studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: preclinical (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: seizure-related or neurodevelopmental outcomes).	Efficacy and safety of cannabidivarin treatment of epilepsy in girls with Rett syndrome: A phase 1 clinical trial.PubMed 35364618 DOI 10.1111/epi.17247
149	CBN studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns).	Cannabinol for acute treatment of insomnia disorder in a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trialPubMed 41698831 DOI 10.1111/jsr.70284
150	Delta-8 THC studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Case report or case series; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns).	Self-reported adverse events associated with ∆8-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta-8-THC) Use.PubMed 37217977 DOI 10.1186/s42238-023-00191-y
151	Delta-8 THC studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns).	Systematic review of drug-drug interactions of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, and Cannabis.PubMed 38868665 DOI 10.3389/fphar.2024.1282831
152	Delta-8 THC studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns).	Evaluating Delta-8-THC-Induced Psychosis: A Systematic Review.PubMed 39805119 DOI 10.1097/wnf.0000000000000619
153	Cannabinoids studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns).	Prevalence of carboxy-Δ8-tetrahydrocannabiniol in antidoping samples.PubMed 38176407 DOI 10.1002/dta.3631
156	Delta-8 THC studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns).	Using Large Language Models to Support Content Analysis: A Case Study of ChatGPT for Adverse Event Detection.PubMed 38696245 DOI 10.2196/52499
162	CBG studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns).	Safety study of cannabidiol products in healthy dogs.PubMed 38496308 DOI 10.3389/fvets.2024.1349590
165	CBDA studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns).	Physiological effect and pharmacokinetic evaluation of combined oral administration of cannabidiolic acid and cannabigerolic acid in dogs.PubMed 41822224 DOI 10.3389/fvets.2026.1779760
175	CBD studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts).	Clinical efficacy and safety of cannabidiol for pediatric refractory epilepsy indications: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PubMed 36206805 DOI 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114238
186	CBD studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts).	Cannabidiol in patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy: an open-label interventional trial.PubMed 26724101 DOI 10.1016/s1474-4422(15
188	CBD studied for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, adolescent, or developmental contexts).	Highly Purified Cannabidiol for Epilepsy Treatment: A Systematic Review of Epileptic Conditions Beyond Dravet Syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome.PubMed 33754312 DOI 10.1007/s40263-021-00807-y
196	CBD studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns).	A Phase I, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Single Ascending Dose, Multiple Dose, and Food Effect Trial of the Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Highly Purified Cannabidiol in Healthy Subjects.PubMed 30374683 DOI 10.1007/s40263-018-0578-5
197	CBD studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns).	Update on Cannabidiol in Drug-Resistant Epilepsy.PubMed 39585547 DOI 10.1007/s12098-024-05337-1
198	CBD studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns).	A Phase I, Open-Label, Parallel-Group, Single-Dose Trial of the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Cannabidiol in Subjects with Mild to Severe Renal Impairment.PubMed 31802404 DOI 10.1007/s40262-019-00841-6
199	CBD studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns).	Long-term safety and efficacy of highly purified cannabidiol for treatment refractory epilepsy.PubMed 33667843 DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.107862
200	CBD studied for safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; outcome measure: safety, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns).	Final analysis of potential drug-drug interactions between highly purified cannabidiol and anti-seizure medications in an open-label expanded access program.PubMed 37593907 DOI 10.1002/epi4.12815
217	CBD studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Balancing risks and benefits of cannabis use: umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials and observational studies.PubMed 37648266 DOI 10.1136/bmj-2022-072348
221	THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	The contribution of addictovigilance data to the French medical cannabis experimentation.PubMed 39547825 DOI 10.1016/j.therap.2024.10.060
227	CBD studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	A Phase-2 Open-Label Trial of Cannabidiol to Treat Core and Associated Symptoms of Autism in Children and Adolescents Without Intellectual Disability.PubMed 42204954 DOI 10.1177/10445463261452514
228	THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Pharmacotherapies for cannabis use disorder.PubMed 41025421 DOI 10.1002/14651858.cd008940.pub4
230	THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Cannabis and cannabinoids for symptomatic treatment for people with multiple sclerosis.PubMed 35510826 DOI 10.1002/14651858.cd013444.pub2
231	THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	The differential effects of medicinal cannabis on mental health: A systematic review.PubMed 40186931 DOI 10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102581
233	THC studied for Cannabinoids and nausea/vomiting research outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: Cannabinoids and nausea/vomiting research outcomes).	Oral Cannabis Extract for Secondary Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Final Results of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase II/III Trial.PubMed 39151115 DOI 10.1200/jco.23.01836
236	Cannabinoids studied for Cannabinoids and nausea/vomiting research outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: Cannabinoids and nausea/vomiting research outcomes).	Cannabinoids for nausea and vomiting related to chemotherapy: Overview of systematic reviews.PubMed 29168289 DOI 10.1002/ptr.5975
320	CBD studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Balancing risks and benefits of cannabis use: umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials and observational studies.PubMed 37648266 DOI 10.1136/bmj-2022-072348
321	CBD studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Cannabidiol in patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy: an open-label interventional trial.PubMed 26724101 DOI 10.1016/s1474-4422(15
322	THC studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Cannabinoid treatment for autism: a proof-of-concept randomized trial.PubMed 33536055 DOI 10.1186/s13229-021-00420-2
323	CBD studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Effect of Cannabidiol on Drop Seizures in the Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome.PubMed 29768152 DOI 10.1056/nejmoa1714631
324	CBD studied for safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, risk, adverse-event, or formulation-specific concerns).	Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome.PubMed 28538134 DOI 10.1056/nejmoa1611618
365	CBD modulates endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms).	Effect of Cannabidiol on Drop Seizures in the Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome.PubMed 29768152 DOI 10.1056/nejmoa1714631
373	CBD modulates endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: endocannabinoid enzyme activity or metabolic mechanisms).	Clinical guidance for cannabidiol-associated hepatotoxicity: A narrative review.PubMed 39228144 DOI 10.1111/jgh.16730
380	CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes).	Clinical efficacy and safety of cannabidiol for pediatric refractory epilepsy indications: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PubMed 36206805 DOI 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114238
381	CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes).	Consensus panel recommendations for the optimization of EPIDIOLEX® treatment for seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Dravet syndrome, and tuberous sclerosis complex.PubMed 39007525 DOI 10.1002/epi4.12956
382	CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes).	Add-on Cannabidiol Treatment for Drug-Resistant Seizures in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: A Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial.PubMed 33346789 DOI 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.4607
383	CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes).	Highly Purified Cannabidiol for Epilepsy Treatment: A Systematic Review of Epileptic Conditions Beyond Dravet Syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome.PubMed 33754312 DOI 10.1007/s40263-021-00807-y
385	CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes).	Use of cannabidiol in the treatment of epilepsy: Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Dravet syndrome, and tuberous sclerosis complex.PubMed 36417631 DOI 10.1590/1806-9282.2022d689
386	CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes).	Psychobehavioural and Cognitive Adverse Events of Anti-Seizure Medications for the Treatment of Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies.PubMed 36194365 DOI 10.1007/s40263-022-00955-9
387	CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes).	Real-world evidence on the use of cannabidiol for the treatment of drug resistant epilepsy not related to Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Dravet syndrome or Tuberous Sclerosis Complex.PubMed 37769547 DOI 10.1016/j.seizure.2023.09.015
388	CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes).	Retrospective Multicenter Chart Review Study of Adjunctive Cannabidiol for Seizures Associated with Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome, Dravet Syndrome and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex.PubMed 40650804 DOI 10.1007/s40120-025-00788-w
392	CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes).	Cannabis and cannabinoids for symptomatic treatment for people with multiple sclerosis.PubMed 35510826 DOI 10.1002/14651858.cd013444.pub2
393	CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes).	Cannabis-based medicines for chronic neuropathic pain in adults.PubMed 29513392 DOI 10.1002/14651858.cd012182.pub2
394	CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes).	Cannabis-Based Products for Chronic Pain : An Updated Systematic Review.PubMed 41429020 DOI 10.7326/annals-25-03152
396	CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes).	High-dose cannabidiol for chronic neuropathic pain associated with spinal cord injury: a randomised clinical trial.PubMed 42256679 DOI 10.1016/j.eclinm.2026.103986
398	CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes).	The Effectiveness of Topical Cannabidiol Oil in Symptomatic Relief of Peripheral Neuropathy of the Lower Extremities.PubMed 31793418 DOI 10.2174/1389201020666191202111534
402	CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes).	Oromucosal delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol/cannabidiol for neuropathic pain associated with multiple sclerosis: an uncontrolled, open-label, 2-year extension trial.PubMed 18035205 DOI 10.1016/j.clinthera.2007.09.013
404	CBD studied for Sleep; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes).	Effectiveness of a Cannabinoids Supplement on Sleep and Mood in Adults With Subthreshold Insomnia: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Crossover Pilot Trial.PubMed 39980821 DOI 10.1002/hsr2.70481
406	CBD studied for Sleep; evidence class: preliminary human (study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes).	Effects of a cannabidiol/terpene formulation on sleep in individuals with insomnia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover study.PubMed 39167421 DOI 10.5664/jcsm.11324
411	CBD studied for Sleep; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes).	The efficacy and safety of cannabinoids for the treatment of mental disorders and substance use disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PubMed 41856154 DOI 10.1016/s2215-0366(26
413	CBD studied for Sleep; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes).	Cannabis dosing and administration for sleep: a systematic review.PubMed 36107800 DOI 10.1093/sleep/zsac218
416	CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes).	Cannabidiol in patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy: an open-label interventional trial.PubMed 26724101 DOI 10.1016/s1474-4422(15
417	CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes).	Cannabidiol in patients with seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (GWPCARE4): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial.PubMed 29395273 DOI 10.1016/s0140-6736(18
418	CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes).	Comparative efficacy and safety of stiripentol, cannabidiol and fenfluramine as first-line add-on therapies for seizures in Dravet syndrome: A network meta-analysis.PubMed 38427284 DOI 10.1002/epi4.12923
419	CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes).	Effect of Cannabidiol on Drop Seizures in the Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome.PubMed 29768152 DOI 10.1056/nejmoa1714631
420	CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes).	Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome.PubMed 28538134 DOI 10.1056/nejmoa1611618
422	CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes).	Randomized, dose-ranging safety trial of cannabidiol in Dravet syndrome.PubMed 29540584 DOI 10.1212/wnl.0000000000005254
424	CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes).	Long-term safety and effectiveness of fenfluramine in children and adults with Dravet syndrome.PubMed 40072476 DOI 10.1111/epi.18342
427	CBD studied for Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: seizure-related outcomes).	Anti-seizure medications for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.PubMed 33825230 DOI 10.1002/14651858.cd003277.pub4
430	CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Pregnancy, lactation, or reproductive context mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes).	Balancing risks and benefits of cannabis use: umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials and observational studies.PubMed 37648266 DOI 10.1136/bmj-2022-072348
433	CBD studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes).	Cannabidiol-Enriched Extract Oil for Postoperative Management of Chronic Pelvic Pain Secondary to Endometriosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial-DREAMLAND Study.PubMed 42261989 DOI 10.1177/25785125251413989
442	THC studied for Psychiatric risk; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: psychiatric risk outcomes).	Cannabinoids for the treatment of mental disorders and symptoms of mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PubMed 31672337 DOI 10.1016/s2215-0366(19
452	THC studied for Dependence and withdrawal; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: dependence or withdrawal outcomes).	Pharmacotherapies for cannabis use disorder.PubMed 41025421 DOI 10.1002/14651858.cd008940.pub4
454	THC studied for Dependence and withdrawal; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: dependence or withdrawal outcomes).	Cannabis and cannabinoids for symptomatic treatment for people with multiple sclerosis.PubMed 35510826 DOI 10.1002/14651858.cd013444.pub2
455	THC studied for Dependence and withdrawal; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: dependence or withdrawal outcomes).	The differential effects of medicinal cannabis on mental health: A systematic review.PubMed 40186931 DOI 10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102581
472	THC studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes).	Medical cannabinoids: a pharmacology-based systematic review and meta-analysis for all relevant medical indications.PubMed 35982439 DOI 10.1186/s12916-022-02459-1
473	THC studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes).	Cannabis-Based Products for Chronic Pain : An Updated Systematic Review.PubMed 41429020 DOI 10.7326/annals-25-03152
476	THC studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes).	Cannabis-based medicines and medical cannabis for adults with cancer pain.PubMed 37283486 DOI 10.1002/14651858.cd014915.pub2
477	THC studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes).	Cannabis-Based Products for Chronic Pain : A Systematic Review.PubMed 35667066 DOI 10.7326/m21-4520
478	THC studied for Pain-related outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: pain-related outcomes).	Practical considerations in medical cannabis administration and dosing.PubMed 29307505 DOI 10.1016/j.ejim.2018.01.004
481	THC studied for Nausea and vomiting; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: nausea, vomiting, or antiemetic outcomes).	Medical cannabinoids: a pharmacology-based systematic review and meta-analysis for all relevant medical indications.PubMed 35982439 DOI 10.1186/s12916-022-02459-1
482	THC studied for Nausea and vomiting; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: nausea, vomiting, or antiemetic outcomes).	Oral Cannabis Extract for Secondary Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Final Results of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase II/III Trial.PubMed 39151115 DOI 10.1200/jco.23.01836
493	THC studied for Appetite and metabolic outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: appetite or metabolic outcomes).	Systematic review and meta-analysis of cannabinoids in palliative medicine.PubMed 29400010 DOI 10.1002/jcsm.12273
495	THC studied for Appetite and metabolic outcomes; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: appetite or metabolic outcomes).	Systematic review of megestrol acetate in the treatment of anorexia-cachexia syndrome.PubMed 15050664 DOI 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2003.09.007
498	THC studied for Sleep; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes).	The differential effects of medicinal cannabis on mental health: A systematic review.PubMed 40186931 DOI 10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102581
502	THC studied for Sleep; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes).	Cannabis dosing and administration for sleep: a systematic review.PubMed 36107800 DOI 10.1093/sleep/zsac218
505	THC studied for Sleep; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: sleep-related outcomes).	Cannabis: are there any benefits?PubMed 33215831 DOI 10.1111/imj.15052
509	CBN studied for safety, tolerability, sedation, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, tolerability, sedation, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns).	Cannabinol for acute treatment of insomnia disorder in a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trialPubMed 41698831 DOI 10.1111/jsr.70284
510	CBN studied for safety, tolerability, sedation, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, tolerability, sedation, adverse-event, impairment, or formulation-specific concerns).	Effectiveness of a Cannabinoids Supplement on Sleep and Mood in Adults With Subthreshold Insomnia: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Crossover Pilot Trial.PubMed 39980821 DOI 10.1002/hsr2.70481
546	CBG studied for safety, tolerability, adverse-event, impairment, toxicity, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, tolerability, adverse-event, impairment, toxicity, or formulation-specific concerns).	Safety study of cannabidiol products in healthy dogs.PubMed 38496308 DOI 10.3389/fvets.2024.1349590
562	CBG studied for safety, tolerability, adverse-event, impairment, toxicity, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, tolerability, adverse-event, impairment, toxicity, or formulation-specific concerns).	Single dose and chronic oral administration of cannabigerol and cannabigerolic acid-rich hemp extract in fed and fasted dogs: Physiological effect and pharmacokinetic evaluation.PubMed 35246858 DOI 10.1111/jvp.13048
629	CBG studied for Appetite and metabolic outcomes; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: appetite-related, weight, glucose, or metabolic outcomes).	Survey of Patients Employing Cannabigerol-Predominant Cannabis Preparations: Perceived Medical Effects, Adverse Events, and Withdrawal Symptoms.PubMed 34569849 DOI 10.1089/can.2021.0058
651	CBC studied for safety, tolerability, adverse-event, impairment, toxicity, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, tolerability, adverse-event, impairment, toxicity, or formulation-specific concerns).	Pharmacokinetic and Safety Evaluation of Various Oral Doses of a Novel 1:20 THC:CBD Cannabis Herbal Extract in Dogs.PubMed 33134364 DOI 10.3389/fvets.2020.583404
745	THCV studied for safety, tolerability, adverse-event, impairment, THC-interaction, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: preliminary human (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Human clinical study; outcome measure: safety, tolerability, adverse-event, impairment, THC-interaction, or formulation-specific concerns).	A Two-Phase, Dose-Ranging, Placebo-Controlled Study of the Safety and Preliminary Test of Acute Effects of Oral Δ8-Tetrahydrocannabivarin in Healthy Participants.PubMed 37721990 DOI 10.1089/can.2023.0038
843	THC modulates CB1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB1 neurobehavioral, appetite, metabolic, pain, cognition, or synaptic mechanisms).	Endocannabinoid System: A Multi-Facet Therapeutic Target.PubMed 27086601 DOI 10.2174/1574884711666160418105339
1045	CBD modulates TRPA1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: TRPA1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Systematic Review on Transdermal/Topical Cannabidiol Trials: A Reconsidered Way Forward.PubMed 35605018 DOI 10.1089/can.2021.0154
1057	CBD modulates TRPM8; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: TRPM8 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Systematic Review on Transdermal/Topical Cannabidiol Trials: A Reconsidered Way Forward.PubMed 35605018 DOI 10.1089/can.2021.0154
1115	PEA studied for PEA biology, receptor or target pharmacology, inflammation, pain-related mechanisms, or safety-relevant mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: PEA biology, receptor or target pharmacology, inflammation, pain-related mechanisms, or safety-relevant mechanisms).	Targeting inflammation: new therapeutic approaches in chronic kidney disease (CKD).PubMed 24602801 DOI 10.1016/j.phrs.2014.02.007

Anxiety-related outcomes
Appetite and metabolic outcomes
CB1
CBC
CBD
CBDA
CBDV
CBG
CBN
Cannabinoids
Delta-8 THC
Dependence and withdrawal
NREM-2 sleep
Nausea and vomiting
PEA
Pain-related outcomes
Psychiatric risk
Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes
Sleep
Sleep onset latency

References

Cannabinol for acute treatment of insomnia disorder in a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trialPubMed 41698831 DOI 10.1111/jsr.70284
Clinical efficacy and safety of cannabidiol for pediatric refractory epilepsy indications: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PubMed 36206805 DOI 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114238
A Practical Guide to the Treatment of Dravet Syndrome with Anti-Seizure Medication.PubMed 35156171 DOI 10.1007/s40263-022-00898-1
Evaluation of the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of nanodispersible cannabidiol oral solution (150 mg/mL) versus placebo in mild to moderate anxiety subjects: A double blind multicenter randomized clinical trial.PubMed 38797087 DOI 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104073
A Phase I, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Single Ascending Dose, Multiple Dose, and Food Effect Trial of the Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Highly Purified Cannabidiol in Healthy Subjects.PubMed 30374683 DOI 10.1007/s40263-018-0578-5
Consensus panel recommendations for the optimization of EPIDIOLEX® treatment for seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Dravet syndrome, and tuberous sclerosis complex.PubMed 39007525 DOI 10.1002/epi4.12956
Pharmacotherapies for cannabis use disorder.PubMed 41025421 DOI 10.1002/14651858.cd008940.pub4
Prescribing medicinal cannabis.PubMed 33093741 DOI 10.18773/austprescr.2020.052
Medical cannabinoids: a pharmacology-based systematic review and meta-analysis for all relevant medical indications.PubMed 35982439 DOI 10.1186/s12916-022-02459-1
Oral Cannabis Extract for Secondary Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Final Results of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase II/III Trial.PubMed 39151115 DOI 10.1200/jco.23.01836
Cannabidiol for Treatment-Resistant Anxiety Disorders in Young People: An Open-Label Trial.PubMed 35921510 DOI 10.4088/jcp.21m14130
Efficacy and Safety of Cannabinoid-Based Products in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Fragile X Syndrome and Rett Syndrome: A Systematic Review.PubMed 42339654 DOI 10.1177/10445463261462382
Pharmacologic treatment of fibromyalgia: an update.PubMed 41142233 DOI 10.3389/fphar.2025.1651181
The safety of studies with intravenous Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol in humans, with case histories.PubMed 21845389 DOI 10.1007/s00213-011-2417-y
Cannabis-based medicines for chronic neuropathic pain in adults.PubMed 41548880 DOI 10.1002/14651858.cd012182.pub3
Adverse events associated with medical cannabis reported within a centralized call center.PubMed 42158949 DOI 10.3389/fphar.2026.1792520
Balancing risks and benefits of cannabis use: umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials and observational studies.PubMed 37648266 DOI 10.1136/bmj-2022-072348
Effectiveness of a Cannabinoids Supplement on Sleep and Mood in Adults With Subthreshold Insomnia: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Crossover Pilot Trial.PubMed 39980821 DOI 10.1002/hsr2.70481
Efficacy and safety of cannabidivarin treatment of epilepsy in girls with Rett syndrome: A phase 1 clinical trial.PubMed 35364618 DOI 10.1111/epi.17247
Self-reported adverse events associated with ∆8-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta-8-THC) Use.PubMed 37217977 DOI 10.1186/s42238-023-00191-y
Systematic review of drug-drug interactions of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, and Cannabis.PubMed 38868665 DOI 10.3389/fphar.2024.1282831
Evaluating Delta-8-THC-Induced Psychosis: A Systematic Review.PubMed 39805119 DOI 10.1097/wnf.0000000000000619
Prevalence of carboxy-Δ8-tetrahydrocannabiniol in antidoping samples.PubMed 38176407 DOI 10.1002/dta.3631
Using Large Language Models to Support Content Analysis: A Case Study of ChatGPT for Adverse Event Detection.PubMed 38696245 DOI 10.2196/52499
Safety study of cannabidiol products in healthy dogs.PubMed 38496308 DOI 10.3389/fvets.2024.1349590
Physiological effect and pharmacokinetic evaluation of combined oral administration of cannabidiolic acid and cannabigerolic acid in dogs.PubMed 41822224 DOI 10.3389/fvets.2026.1779760
Cannabidiol in patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy: an open-label interventional trial.PubMed 26724101 DOI 10.1016/s1474-4422(15
Highly Purified Cannabidiol for Epilepsy Treatment: A Systematic Review of Epileptic Conditions Beyond Dravet Syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome.PubMed 33754312 DOI 10.1007/s40263-021-00807-y
Update on Cannabidiol in Drug-Resistant Epilepsy.PubMed 39585547 DOI 10.1007/s12098-024-05337-1
A Phase I, Open-Label, Parallel-Group, Single-Dose Trial of the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Cannabidiol in Subjects with Mild to Severe Renal Impairment.PubMed 31802404 DOI 10.1007/s40262-019-00841-6
Long-term safety and efficacy of highly purified cannabidiol for treatment refractory epilepsy.PubMed 33667843 DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.107862
Final analysis of potential drug-drug interactions between highly purified cannabidiol and anti-seizure medications in an open-label expanded access program.PubMed 37593907 DOI 10.1002/epi4.12815
The contribution of addictovigilance data to the French medical cannabis experimentation.PubMed 39547825 DOI 10.1016/j.therap.2024.10.060
A Phase-2 Open-Label Trial of Cannabidiol to Treat Core and Associated Symptoms of Autism in Children and Adolescents Without Intellectual Disability.PubMed 42204954 DOI 10.1177/10445463261452514
Cannabis and cannabinoids for symptomatic treatment for people with multiple sclerosis.PubMed 35510826 DOI 10.1002/14651858.cd013444.pub2
The differential effects of medicinal cannabis on mental health: A systematic review.PubMed 40186931 DOI 10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102581
Cannabinoids for nausea and vomiting related to chemotherapy: Overview of systematic reviews.PubMed 29168289 DOI 10.1002/ptr.5975
Cannabinoid treatment for autism: a proof-of-concept randomized trial.PubMed 33536055 DOI 10.1186/s13229-021-00420-2
Effect of Cannabidiol on Drop Seizures in the Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome.PubMed 29768152 DOI 10.1056/nejmoa1714631
Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome.PubMed 28538134 DOI 10.1056/nejmoa1611618
Clinical guidance for cannabidiol-associated hepatotoxicity: A narrative review.PubMed 39228144 DOI 10.1111/jgh.16730
Add-on Cannabidiol Treatment for Drug-Resistant Seizures in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: A Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial.PubMed 33346789 DOI 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.4607
Use of cannabidiol in the treatment of epilepsy: Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Dravet syndrome, and tuberous sclerosis complex.PubMed 36417631 DOI 10.1590/1806-9282.2022d689
Psychobehavioural and Cognitive Adverse Events of Anti-Seizure Medications for the Treatment of Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies.PubMed 36194365 DOI 10.1007/s40263-022-00955-9
Real-world evidence on the use of cannabidiol for the treatment of drug resistant epilepsy not related to Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Dravet syndrome or Tuberous Sclerosis Complex.PubMed 37769547 DOI 10.1016/j.seizure.2023.09.015
Retrospective Multicenter Chart Review Study of Adjunctive Cannabidiol for Seizures Associated with Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome, Dravet Syndrome and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex.PubMed 40650804 DOI 10.1007/s40120-025-00788-w
Cannabis-based medicines for chronic neuropathic pain in adults.PubMed 29513392 DOI 10.1002/14651858.cd012182.pub2
Cannabis-Based Products for Chronic Pain : An Updated Systematic Review.PubMed 41429020 DOI 10.7326/annals-25-03152
High-dose cannabidiol for chronic neuropathic pain associated with spinal cord injury: a randomised clinical trial.PubMed 42256679 DOI 10.1016/j.eclinm.2026.103986
The Effectiveness of Topical Cannabidiol Oil in Symptomatic Relief of Peripheral Neuropathy of the Lower Extremities.PubMed 31793418 DOI 10.2174/1389201020666191202111534
Oromucosal delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol/cannabidiol for neuropathic pain associated with multiple sclerosis: an uncontrolled, open-label, 2-year extension trial.PubMed 18035205 DOI 10.1016/j.clinthera.2007.09.013
Effects of a cannabidiol/terpene formulation on sleep in individuals with insomnia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover study.PubMed 39167421 DOI 10.5664/jcsm.11324
The efficacy and safety of cannabinoids for the treatment of mental disorders and substance use disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PubMed 41856154 DOI 10.1016/s2215-0366(26
Cannabis dosing and administration for sleep: a systematic review.PubMed 36107800 DOI 10.1093/sleep/zsac218
Cannabidiol in patients with seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (GWPCARE4): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial.PubMed 29395273 DOI 10.1016/s0140-6736(18
Comparative efficacy and safety of stiripentol, cannabidiol and fenfluramine as first-line add-on therapies for seizures in Dravet syndrome: A network meta-analysis.PubMed 38427284 DOI 10.1002/epi4.12923
Randomized, dose-ranging safety trial of cannabidiol in Dravet syndrome.PubMed 29540584 DOI 10.1212/wnl.0000000000005254
Long-term safety and effectiveness of fenfluramine in children and adults with Dravet syndrome.PubMed 40072476 DOI 10.1111/epi.18342
Anti-seizure medications for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.PubMed 33825230 DOI 10.1002/14651858.cd003277.pub4
Cannabidiol-Enriched Extract Oil for Postoperative Management of Chronic Pelvic Pain Secondary to Endometriosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial-DREAMLAND Study.PubMed 42261989 DOI 10.1177/25785125251413989
Cannabinoids for the treatment of mental disorders and symptoms of mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PubMed 31672337 DOI 10.1016/s2215-0366(19
Cannabis-based medicines and medical cannabis for adults with cancer pain.PubMed 37283486 DOI 10.1002/14651858.cd014915.pub2
Cannabis-Based Products for Chronic Pain : A Systematic Review.PubMed 35667066 DOI 10.7326/m21-4520
Practical considerations in medical cannabis administration and dosing.PubMed 29307505 DOI 10.1016/j.ejim.2018.01.004
Systematic review and meta-analysis of cannabinoids in palliative medicine.PubMed 29400010 DOI 10.1002/jcsm.12273
Systematic review of megestrol acetate in the treatment of anorexia-cachexia syndrome.PubMed 15050664 DOI 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2003.09.007
Cannabis: are there any benefits?PubMed 33215831 DOI 10.1111/imj.15052
Single dose and chronic oral administration of cannabigerol and cannabigerolic acid-rich hemp extract in fed and fasted dogs: Physiological effect and pharmacokinetic evaluation.PubMed 35246858 DOI 10.1111/jvp.13048
Survey of Patients Employing Cannabigerol-Predominant Cannabis Preparations: Perceived Medical Effects, Adverse Events, and Withdrawal Symptoms.PubMed 34569849 DOI 10.1089/can.2021.0058
Pharmacokinetic and Safety Evaluation of Various Oral Doses of a Novel 1:20 THC:CBD Cannabis Herbal Extract in Dogs.PubMed 33134364 DOI 10.3389/fvets.2020.583404
A Two-Phase, Dose-Ranging, Placebo-Controlled Study of the Safety and Preliminary Test of Acute Effects of Oral Δ8-Tetrahydrocannabivarin in Healthy Participants.PubMed 37721990 DOI 10.1089/can.2023.0038
Endocannabinoid System: A Multi-Facet Therapeutic Target.PubMed 27086601 DOI 10.2174/1574884711666160418105339
Systematic Review on Transdermal/Topical Cannabidiol Trials: A Reconsidered Way Forward.PubMed 35605018 DOI 10.1089/can.2021.0154
Targeting inflammation: new therapeutic approaches in chronic kidney disease (CKD).PubMed 24602801 DOI 10.1016/j.phrs.2014.02.007

Adverse events has research behind it, but the bucket matters.

What the Adverse events research is usually about

Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes

Pain-related outcomes

Pain-related outcomes

Safety, adverse events, impairment, and formulation concerns

Safety, adverse events, impairment, and formulation concerns

Safety, risk, adverse events, and formulation concerns

Evidence buckets before the source table

Keep reading around this topic

Read safety context beside the research guide.

Adverse events Evidence Review: the long-form source walk-through

Start with the research question

Where this page has the most source density

Bucket chapters: what the literature is circling

Seizure and neurodevelopmental outcomes

Pain-related outcomes

Pain-related outcomes

Safety, adverse events, impairment, and formulation concerns

Safety, adverse events, impairment, and formulation concerns

Safety, risk, adverse events, and formulation concerns

Safety, risk, adverse events, and formulation concerns

Anxiety-related outcomes

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What this does and does not mean

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Source-reading checklist for Adverse events

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References