Target Research Guide

GPR55, explained simply with PubMed links

This page translates GPR55 research into plain English: what scientists studied, what kind of evidence exists, where the source links are strong or limited, and which PubMed records support each bucket.

Launch set page

Read Evidence Overview Open Source Table

47research sources

32evidence buckets

PubMedlinked references

What this page is

A plain-English research page about GPR55. It explains what researchers studied and links the PubMed or DOI sources.

How to use it

Read the overview first. If a sentence matters to you, open the PubMed link or source table below it.

Important limit

This page is education, not medical advice, dosing advice, or a recommendation to use cannabinoids.

Evidence Rows 59

Traceable statements carried into the source table.

Human Evidence 0

Rows where human participants, patients, or clinical evidence are visible.

Mechanisms 15

Biology, target, enzyme, receptor, or pharmacology rows.

Safety / Limits 1

Safety, tolerability, uncertainty, or insufficient-evidence context.

Evidence Overview

GPR55 has research behind it, but the bucket matters.

This page currently indexes 47 research sources across 32 evidence bucket(s). Read it as a map of what researchers have studied, not as a single bottom-line instruction. PMID 28826536

Human evidence 0 evidence rows

Human studies are separated from preclinical and mechanistic evidence so a reader can see where people were actually studied. PMID 28826536

Mechanisms 15 evidence rows

Mechanistic rows explain biological plausibility, receptor activity, enzyme activity, or pharmacology; they do not automatically prove an outcome in people. PMID 28826536

Safety and limits 1 evidence row

Safety, tolerability, product quality, impairment, interactions, and higher-risk contexts stay visible instead of being treated as footnotes. PMID 28826536

Evidence Buckets

What the GPR55 research is usually about

Jump to source-backed table

GPR55

GPR55 appears in rows about GPR55 mechanisms. It currently draws from 5 research source(s), and mechanistic evidence should stay separate from human-outcome evidence. PMID 28826536

GPR55

GPR55 appears in rows about GPR55 mechanisms. It currently draws from 5 research source(s), and mechanistic evidence should stay separate from human-outcome evidence. PMID 35083862

GPR55

GPR55 appears in rows about GPR55 mechanisms. It currently draws from 5 research source(s), and mechanistic evidence should stay separate from human-outcome evidence. PMID 35862111

GPR18

GPR55 appears in rows about GPR18 mechanisms. It currently draws from 3 research source(s), and mechanistic evidence should stay separate from human-outcome evidence. PMID 28826536

GPR18

GPR55 appears in rows about GPR18 mechanisms. It currently draws from 3 research source(s), and mechanistic evidence should stay separate from human-outcome evidence. PMID 20346144

GPR55

GPR55 appears in rows about GPR55 mechanisms. It currently draws from 3 research source(s), and mechanistic evidence should stay separate from human-outcome evidence. PMID 34259916

Reader Map

Evidence buckets before the source table

Grouped for readability

Bucket	Plain-English meaning	Evidence posture	Starting source
GPR55	Grouped source-backed rows focused on GPR55, collapsed into one reader-facing bucket before the full source table.	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (5)	PMID 28826536
GPR55	Grouped source-backed rows focused on GPR55, collapsed into one reader-facing bucket before the full source table.	Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (2), mechanistic or pharmacological (3)	PMID 35083862
GPR55	Grouped source-backed rows focused on GPR55, collapsed into one reader-facing bucket before the full source table.	Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (4), mechanistic or pharmacological (1)	PMID 35862111
GPR18	Grouped source-backed rows focused on GPR18, collapsed into one reader-facing bucket before the full source table.	Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (2), mechanistic or pharmacological (1)	PMID 28826536
GPR18	Grouped source-backed rows focused on GPR18, collapsed into one reader-facing bucket before the full source table.	Mechanistic research summary: mechanistic or pharmacological (3)	PMID 20346144
GPR55	Grouped source-backed rows focused on GPR55, collapsed into one reader-facing bucket before the full source table.	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (3)	PMID 34259916
anandamide biology, receptor pharmacology, metabolism, physiology, or safety-relevant mechanisms	Grouped source-backed rows focused on anandamide biology, receptor pharmacology, metabolism, physiology, or safety-relevant mechanisms, collapsed into one reader-facing bucket before the full source table.	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (2)	PMID 36150527
GPR18	Grouped source-backed rows focused on GPR18, collapsed into one reader-facing bucket before the full source table.	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (2)	PMID 34676329

Safety Reading Notes

Read safety context beside the research guide.

The GPR55 source set includes safety-context rows around anandamide biology, receptor pharmacology, metabolism, physiology, or safety-relevant mechanisms. Public reading should keep these rows beside the benefit-oriented buckets, because product identity, dose, route, population, impairment, interactions, and adverse-event context can change what a study means. PMID 28826536

Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (2)

PubMed For Dummies Article

GPR55 Evidence Review: the long-form source walk-through

Quick read

GPR55 currently has 59 source-backed evidence row(s), so this page should be read as a research guide rather than a single conclusion. PMID 28826536
The evidence classes most visible in the row language are insufficient (42), mechanistic or pharmacological (15), and preclinical (2). PMID 31146657
The study-design language most visible in the row language is Narrative or expert review (37), Cellular or in vitro study (9), Animal study (7), and other mapped categories (4). PMID 30670965
The repeated topics are GPR55 (18), GPR18 (9), receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms (8), receptor, target, metabolic, or pharmacology mechanisms (3), and other mapped categories (21), which tells the reader where to start opening PubMed and DOI links. PMID 30767756

Start with the research question

GPR55 is built from 59 source-backed evidence row(s) and 47 research source(s). The current evidence classes read as insufficient (42), mechanistic or pharmacological (15), and preclinical (2), and the study-design language most often reads as Narrative or expert review (37), Cellular or in vitro study (9), Animal study (7), and other mapped categories (4). PMID 28826536

The row-level question is not simply whether GPR55 is "good" or "bad." The useful question is what each row studied, what evidence class it received, and whether the source is close to the reader's actual question. The most repeated row topics are GPR55 (18), GPR18 (9), receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms (8), receptor, target, metabolic, or pharmacology mechanisms (3), and other mapped categories (21). PMID 35083862

Human evidence 0 rows

Rows involving human participants, patients, or clinical source language. These rows are closer to everyday reader questions, but still depend on population, dose, route, comparator, and endpoint. PMID 30550613

Preclinical evidence 2 rows

Animal, cellular, or model-based rows. These can explain why a topic is being studied, but they should not be read as human-health instructions. PMID 39657242

Mechanistic evidence 15 rows

Rows about receptors, enzymes, channels, metabolism, binding, signaling, or pharmacology. These explain plausibility without proving a consumer outcome. PMID 34980287

Limits and uncertainty 43 rows

Rows where safety, tolerability, risk, product limits, or insufficient evidence need to stay visible next to the rest of the article. PMID 34384142

The lane labels are not a quality score. They are a reading method: keep human evidence, preclinical evidence, mechanisms, and uncertainty in separate mental boxes before deciding what a source can actually support. PMID 34259916

Where this page has the most source density

The largest bucket surfaced for this page is GPR55. That does not automatically mean the topic is settled; it means this is where the current source trail is densest. The next visible bucket is GPR55, which gives readers another way to see what the literature repeatedly circles. PMID 28826536

Source density should be read with evidence posture. A bucket can contain many rows and still be limited if the studies are indirect, mixed, preclinical, product-specific, or mostly review-level. The paragraphs below name the buckets directly and keep each explanation connected to a source record. PMID 35083862

Bucket chapters: what the literature is circling

GPR55

5 research sources 5 rows (926-934) Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (5)

GPR55 appears in rows about GPR55 mechanisms. It currently draws from 5 research source(s), and mechanistic evidence should stay separate from human-outcome evidence. PMID 28826536

Read this bucket as mechanism or pharmacology context. Mechanisms can make the biology easier to understand, but they are not the same thing as a demonstrated effect in people. PMID 28826536

Evidence row 926
Cannabinoids modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling,... PMID 28826536
Evidence row 934
Cannabinoids modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 20370712

GPR55

5 research sources 5 rows (935-943) Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (2), mechanistic or pharmacological (3)

GPR55 appears in rows about GPR55 mechanisms. It currently draws from 5 research source(s), and mechanistic evidence should stay separate from human-outcome evidence. PMID 35083862

Read this bucket as mechanism or pharmacology context. Mechanisms can make the biology easier to understand, but they are not the same thing as a demonstrated effect in people. PMID 35083862

Evidence row 935
CBD modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharma... PMID 35083862
Evidence row 943
CBD modulates GPR55; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 36016551

GPR55

5 research sources 5 rows (929-941) Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (4), mechanistic or pharmacological (1)

GPR55 appears in rows about GPR55 mechanisms. It currently draws from 5 research source(s), and mechanistic evidence should stay separate from human-outcome evidence. PMID 35862111

Read this bucket as mechanism or pharmacology context. Mechanisms can make the biology easier to understand, but they are not the same thing as a demonstrated effect in people. PMID 35862111

Evidence row 929
Endocannabinoids modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling,... PMID 35862111
Evidence row 941
Endocannabinoids modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signali... PMID 26408165

GPR18

3 research sources 3 rows (944-951) Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (2), mechanistic or pharmacological (1)

GPR55 appears in rows about GPR18 mechanisms. It currently draws from 3 research source(s), and mechanistic evidence should stay separate from human-outcome evidence. PMID 28826536

Read this bucket as mechanism or pharmacology context. Mechanisms can make the biology easier to understand, but they are not the same thing as a demonstrated effect in people. PMID 28826536

Evidence row 944
Cannabinoids modulates GPR18; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling,... PMID 28826536
Evidence row 951
Cannabinoids modulates GPR18; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 40562148

GPR18

3 research sources 3 rows (955-962) Mechanistic research summary: mechanistic or pharmacological (3)

GPR55 appears in rows about GPR18 mechanisms. It currently draws from 3 research source(s), and mechanistic evidence should stay separate from human-outcome evidence. PMID 20346144

Read this bucket as mechanism or pharmacology context. Mechanisms can make the biology easier to understand, but they are not the same thing as a demonstrated effect in people. PMID 20346144

Evidence row 955
CBD modulates GPR18; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signal... PMID 20346144
Evidence row 962
CBD modulates GPR18; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or ph... PMID 24751709

GPR55

3 research sources 3 rows (927-939) Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (3)

GPR55 appears in rows about GPR55 mechanisms. It currently draws from 3 research source(s), and mechanistic evidence should stay separate from human-outcome evidence. PMID 34259916

Read this bucket as mechanism or pharmacology context. Mechanisms can make the biology easier to understand, but they are not the same thing as a demonstrated effect in people. PMID 34259916

Evidence row 927
THC modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacolo... PMID 34259916
Evidence row 939
THC modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 20298715

anandamide biology, receptor pharmacology, metabolism, physiology, or safety-relevant mechanisms

2 research sources 2 rows (1063-1064) Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (2)

GPR55 appears in rows studying anandamide biology, receptor pharmacology, metabolism, physiology, or safety-relevant mechanisms. It currently draws from 2 research source(s), so the population, dose, route, and endpoint should be checked before reading across contexts. PMID 36150527

Read this bucket as safety context first. It belongs beside any benefit-oriented rows because risk, route, dose, product quality, co-exposures, and population can change what a source means. PMID 36150527

Evidence row 1063
Anandamide studied for anandamide biology, receptor pharmacology, metabolism, physiology, or safety-relevant mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: anandamide biolog... PMID 36150527
Evidence row 1064
Anandamide studied for anandamide biology, receptor pharmacology, metabolism, physiology, or safety-relevant mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Nar... PMID 27516570

GPR18

2 research sources 2 rows (947-952) Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (2)

GPR55 appears in rows about GPR18 mechanisms. It currently draws from 2 research source(s), and mechanistic evidence should stay separate from human-outcome evidence. PMID 34676329

Read this bucket as mechanism or pharmacology context. Mechanisms can make the biology easier to understand, but they are not the same thing as a demonstrated effect in people. PMID 34676329

Evidence row 947
Endocannabinoids modulates GPR18; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 34676329
Evidence row 952
Endocannabinoids modulates GPR18; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling,... PMID 29098189

Human evidence, mechanisms, and safety are different lanes

This page currently separates human evidence (0 row(s)), mechanistic evidence (15 row(s)), and safety/tolerability context (1 row(s)). That separation is the heart of the site. Mechanistic evidence can make a topic biologically interesting, but it should not silently become a human outcome. PMID 28826536

Human evidence still depends on population, dose, route, duration, product identity, and endpoint. Safety rows belong in the same reading path as benefit-oriented rows because formulation, co-exposures, prescription medications, impairment context, and higher-risk populations can change how close a source is to a reader's question. PMID 35083862

What this does and does not mean

It means the page has a traceable source trail. It does not mean every bucket has the same clinical strength. PMID 40967679
It means mechanisms, animal models, human studies, safety rows, and insufficient-evidence rows are being kept visible as separate evidence types. PMID 36497400
It does not turn a preclinical mechanism into a consumer recommendation, and it does not treat one product, dose, route, or population as interchangeable with another. PMID 35628241

How to use the source table

The source-backed evidence table below is the audit trail. Each row keeps a public sentence connected to a source record when a PubMed ID or DOI is available. If a sentence feels important, the reader should be able to click through, inspect the study type, and decide whether the source is close to the question they care about. PMID 28826536

This is why the public page is intentionally layered. The top gives the reader a fast orientation. The bucket table groups repeated rows into readable topics. The article body explains the buckets using the actual evidence-row language. The source notes below walk through every evidence row before the source table repeats the technical trace. PMID 35083862

Source-reading checklist for GPR55

Open the linked PubMed or DOI record. PMID 32904155
Check whether the source studied humans, animals, cells, chemistry, pharmacology, product testing, or a review of prior literature. PMID 28087250
Compare the source product, dose, route, population, and endpoint to the question being asked. PMID 19233486
Look for safety, tolerability, drug-interaction, impairment, pregnancy, pediatric, psychiatric, cardiovascular, and product-quality context before treating the bucket as settled. PMID 35862111
Return to the evidence table when the article summary sounds too broad; the row is the audit unit. PMID 19647110

Source Notes

GPR55 source-by-source reading notes

These notes pull every evidence row on this page into the readable article body before the source table repeats the audit trail. Each note keeps the row language beside the PubMed or DOI link when available.

Evidence row 209
Endocannabinoids modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms). PMID 31146657
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Potential metabolic and behavioural roles of the putative endocannabinoid receptors GPR18, GPR55 and GPR119 in feeding.
Evidence row 210
Endocannabinoids modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms). PMID 30670965
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Some Prospective Alternatives for Treating Pain: The Endocannabinoid System and Its Putative Receptors GPR18 and GPR55.
Evidence row 211
Cannabinoids modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms). PMID 28826536
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoid Receptor-Related Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptors.
Evidence row 212
Cannabinoids modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms). PMID 30767756
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: New Insights in Cannabinoid Receptor Structure and Signaling.
Evidence row 213
THC modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: preclinical (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms). PMID 30550613
Evidence class: preclinical; Study design: Animal study. Source: Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol Differentially Regulate Intraocular Pressure.
Evidence row 255
CBD modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms). PMID 39657242
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: A novel insight into the antidepressant effect of cannabidiol: possible involvement of the 5-HT1A, CB1, GPR55, and PPARγ receptors.
Evidence row 279
CBD studied for receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms). PMID 34980287
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Olivetolic acid, a cannabinoid precursor in Cannabis sativa, but not CBGA methyl ester exhibits a modest anticonvulsant effect in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome.
Evidence row 280
CBD studied for receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: preclinical (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms). PMID 34384142
Evidence class: preclinical; Study design: Animal study. Source: Cannabigerolic acid, a major biosynthetic precursor molecule in cannabis, exhibits divergent effects on seizures in mouse models of epilepsy.
Evidence row 362
THC modulates TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms). PMID 34259916
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoids in the landscape of cancer.
Evidence row 517
CBN modulates receptor, target, metabolic, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: receptor, target, metabolic, or pharmacology mechanisms). PMID 40967679
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: Chemical diversity, receptor binding affinity, and pharmacology of phytocannabinoids: Insights into neuronal mechanisms.
Evidence row 557
CBG studied for safety, tolerability, adverse-event, impairment, toxicity, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: safety, tolerability, adverse-event, impairment, toxicity, or formulation-specific concerns). PMID 36497400
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Cellular or in vitro study. Source: The Cytotoxic Effects of Cannabidiol and Cannabigerol on Glioblastoma Stem Cells May Mostly Involve GPR55 and TRPV1 Signalling.
Evidence row 568
CBG modulates receptor, target, metabolic, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: receptor, target, metabolic, or pharmacology mechanisms). PMID 40967679
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: Chemical diversity, receptor binding affinity, and pharmacology of phytocannabinoids: Insights into neuronal mechanisms.
Evidence row 663
CBC modulates receptor, transporter, target, metabolic, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: receptor, transporter, target, metabolic, or pharmacology mechanisms). PMID 40967679
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis. Source: Chemical diversity, receptor binding affinity, and pharmacology of phytocannabinoids: Insights into neuronal mechanisms.
Evidence row 711
CBC studied for Skin and inflammatory dermatology; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: skin, dermatology, antimicrobial, or topical inflammatory outcomes). PMID 35628241
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Cellular or in vitro study. Source: Effects of Rare Phytocannabinoids on the Endocannabinoid System of Human Keratinocytes.
Evidence row 735
THCV studied for Appetite and metabolic outcomes; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: appetite-related or metabolic outcomes). PMID 32904155
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: High fat-fed GPR55 null mice display impaired glucose tolerance without concomitant changes in energy balance or insulin sensitivity but are less responsive to the effects of the cannabinoids rimonabant or Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabivarin on weight gain.
Evidence row 769
THCV modulates receptor, target, metabolic, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: receptor, target, metabolic, or pharmacology mechanisms). PMID 28087250
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Pharmacology of cannabinoids in the treatment of epilepsy.
Evidence row 839
Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB1 neurobehavioral, appetite, metabolic, pain, cognition, or synaptic mechanisms). PMID 30767756
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: New Insights in Cannabinoid Receptor Structure and Signaling.
Evidence row 926
Cannabinoids modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 28826536
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoid Receptor-Related Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptors.
Evidence row 927
THC modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 34259916
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoids in the landscape of cancer.
Evidence row 928
Cannabinoids modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 19233486
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: The enigmatic pharmacology of GPR55.
Evidence row 929
Endocannabinoids modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 35862111
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Molecular networks underlying cannabinoid signaling in skeletal muscle plasticity.
Evidence row 930
Endocannabinoids modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 19647110
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Is GPR55 an anandamide receptor?
Evidence row 931
Endocannabinoids modulates GPR55; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 18757503
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Cellular or in vitro study. Source: The GPR55 ligand L-alpha-lysophosphatidylinositol promotes RhoA-dependent Ca2+ signaling and NFAT activation.
Evidence row 932
Cannabinoids modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 26669245
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: GPR55 - a putative "type 3" cannabinoid receptor in inflammation.
Evidence row 933
Cannabinoids modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 27835801
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoid receptor ligand bias: implications in the central nervous system.
Evidence row 934
Cannabinoids modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 20370712
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: GPR55, a lysophosphatidylinositol receptor with cannabinoid sensitivity?
Evidence row 935
CBD modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 35083862
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: A narrative review of molecular mechanism and therapeutic effect of cannabidiol (CBD).
Evidence row 936
CBD modulates GPR55; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 17704827
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: The novel endocannabinoid receptor GPR55 is activated by atypical cannabinoids but does not mediate their vasodilator effects.
Evidence row 937
Endocannabinoids modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 31527410
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: The Endocannabinoid System of Animals.
Evidence row 938
THC modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 17876300
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: GPR55: a new member of the cannabinoid receptor clan?
Evidence row 939
THC modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 20298715
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Pharmacological characterization of GPR55, a putative cannabinoid receptor.
Evidence row 940
CBD modulates GPR55; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 17876302
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Cellular or in vitro study. Source: The orphan receptor GPR55 is a novel cannabinoid receptor.
Evidence row 941
Endocannabinoids modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 26408165
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabis and Endocannabinoid Signaling in Epilepsy.
Evidence row 942
CBD modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 41560741
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Epilepsy, neuroinflammation and cannabidiol What do we know thus far?
Evidence row 943
CBD modulates GPR55; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 36016551
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological. Source: Interacting binding insights and conformational consequences of the differential activity of cannabidiol with two endocannabinoid-activated G-protein-coupled receptors.
Evidence row 944
Cannabinoids modulates GPR18; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 28826536
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoid Receptor-Related Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptors.
Evidence row 945
Cannabinoids modulates GPR18; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 27835801
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoid receptor ligand bias: implications in the central nervous system.
Evidence row 947
Endocannabinoids modulates GPR18; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 34676329
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoids in Gynecological Diseases.
Evidence row 949
THC modulates GPR18; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 29902723
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Cellular or in vitro study. Source: Structure-activity relationships of imidazothiazinones and analogs as antagonists of the cannabinoid-activated orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR18.
Evidence row 951
Cannabinoids modulates GPR18; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 40562148
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological. Source: Structural insights into the activation of G protein-coupled receptor 119 by the agonist GSK1292263 and ligands selectivity among novel cannabinoid receptors.
Evidence row 952
Endocannabinoids modulates GPR18; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 29098189
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: An Update on Non-CB1, Non-CB2 Cannabinoid Related G-Protein-Coupled Receptors.
Evidence row 955
CBD modulates GPR18; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 20346144
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Cellular or in vitro study. Source: N-arachidonoyl glycine, an abundant endogenous lipid, potently drives directed cellular migration through GPR18, the putative abnormal cannabidiol receptor.
Evidence row 959
CBD modulates GPR18; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 23461720
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: A GPR18-based signalling system regulates IOP in murine eye.
Evidence row 962
CBD modulates GPR18; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 24751709
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Animal study. Source: Cannabinoid and lipid-mediated vasorelaxation in retinal microvasculature.
Evidence row 966
Endocannabinoids modulates GPR119; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR119 receptor activity, binding, signaling, metabolic physiology, or pharmacology). PMID 19285259
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Role of acylethanolamides in the gastrointestinal tract with special reference to food intake and energy balance.
Evidence row 972
THC modulates TRPV1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 34259916
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoids in the landscape of cancer.
Evidence row 977
OEA modulates TRPV1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 17906678
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Novel cannabinoid receptors.
Evidence row 985
THC modulates TRPV1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 30194563
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabis for the Treatment of Epilepsy: an Update.
Evidence row 990
THC modulates TRPV2; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV2 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 34259916
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoids in the landscape of cancer.
Evidence row 1032
THC modulates TRPA1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPA1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology). PMID 34259916
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Cannabinoids in the landscape of cancer.
Evidence row 1063
Anandamide studied for anandamide biology, receptor pharmacology, metabolism, physiology, or safety-relevant mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: anandamide biology, receptor pharmacology, metabolism, physiology, or safety-relevant mechanisms). PMID 36150527
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Anandamide and other N-acylethanolamines: A class of signaling lipids with therapeutic opportunities.
Evidence row 1064
Anandamide studied for anandamide biology, receptor pharmacology, metabolism, physiology, or safety-relevant mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: anandamide biology, receptor pharmacology, metabolism, physiology, or safety-relevant mechanisms). PMID 27516570
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Metabolism of endocannabinoids.
Evidence row 1094
OEA studied for OEA biology, receptor pharmacology, feeding, metabolism, physiology, or safety-relevant mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: OEA biology, receptor pharmacology, feeding, metabolism, physiology, or safety-relevant mechanisms). PMID 19285259
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Role of acylethanolamides in the gastrointestinal tract with special reference to food intake and energy balance.
Evidence row 1104
OEA studied for OEA biology, receptor pharmacology, feeding, metabolism, physiology, or safety-relevant mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: OEA biology, receptor pharmacology, feeding, metabolism, physiology, or safety-relevant mechanisms). PMID 42068417
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: Regulation of Cholesterol and Triglyceride Metabolism by Fatty acid Ethanolamides.
Evidence row 1109
PEA studied for PEA biology, receptor or target pharmacology, inflammation, pain-related mechanisms, or safety-relevant mechanisms; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: PEA biology, receptor or target pharmacology, inflammation, pain-related mechanisms, or safety-relevant mechanisms). PMID 40563990
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Cellular or in vitro study. Source: Palmitoylethanolamide: A Multifunctional Molecule for Neuroprotection, Chronic Pain, and Immune Modulation.
Evidence row 1114
PEA studied for PEA biology, receptor or target pharmacology, inflammation, pain-related mechanisms, or safety-relevant mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: PEA biology, receptor or target pharmacology, inflammation, pain-related mechanisms, or safety-relevant mechanisms). PMID 33919499
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Systematic review. Source: Palmitoylethanolamide and Its Biobehavioral Correlates in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review of Human and Animal Evidence.
Evidence row 1134
NADA studied for NADA biology, receptor or TRP-channel pharmacology, metabolism, physiology, or safety-relevant mechanisms; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: NADA biology, receptor or TRP-channel pharmacology, metabolism, physiology, or safety-relevant mechanisms). PMID 24644287
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Cellular or in vitro study. Source: The endocannabinoid/endovanilloid N-arachidonoyl dopamine (NADA) and synthetic cannabinoid WIN55,212-2 abate the inflammatory activation of human endothelial cells.
Evidence row 1157
Virodhamine studied for virodhamine biology, receptor pharmacology, metabolism, physiology, or safety-relevant mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: virodhamine biology, receptor pharmacology, metabolism, physiology, or safety-relevant mechanisms). PMID 17876300
Evidence class: insufficient; Study design: Narrative or expert review. Source: GPR55: a new member of the cannabinoid receptor clan?
Evidence row 1161
Virodhamine studied for virodhamine biology, receptor pharmacology, metabolism, physiology, or safety-relevant mechanisms; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: virodhamine biology, receptor pharmacology, metabolism, physiology, or safety-relevant mechanisms). PMID 22454039
Evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological; Study design: Cellular or in vitro study. Source: The endocannabinoids anandamide and virodhamine modulate the activity of the candidate cannabinoid receptor GPR55.

Source Trail

Source-backed evidence table and references

47 research sources

This section is the technical source layer under the overview. It keeps grouped evidence buckets, evidence rows, PubMed or DOI links, related pages, and references visible for audit and revision.

Plain-Language Summary

GPR55 is a cannabinoid-relevant target page. The current evidence ledger links it to 59 evidence row(s) from 47 source(s), mostly framed as insufficient (42), mechanistic or pharmacological (15), preclinical (2).

Identity

Canonical name: gpr55
Type: biological target
Subtype: orphan_g_protein_coupled_receptor
Description: Not recorded

Evidence Snapshot

Evidence rows: 59
Sources: 47
Evidence classes: insufficient (42), mechanistic or pharmacological (15), preclinical (2)
Draft sections: mechanistic evidence (15), preclinical evidence (2), safety (1), uncertainty (41)

Key Draft Sections

Safety and tolerability: 1 evidence row(s).
Uncertainty and gaps: 41 evidence row(s).
Preclinical evidence: 2 evidence row(s).
Mechanistic evidence: 15 evidence row(s).

Ligands And Modulators

Subject	Relationship	Object Or Focus	Evidence Summary	Sources	Evidence Rows
Anandamide	studied for	anandamide biology, receptor pharmacology, metabolism, physiology, or safety-relevant mechanisms	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (2)	2	2 rows (1063-1064)
Cannabinoids	modulates	CB1	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (1)	1	839
Cannabinoids	modulates	GPR18	Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (2), mechanistic or pharmacological (1)	3	3 rows (944-951)
Cannabinoids	modulates	GPR55	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (5)	5	5 rows (926-934)
Cannabinoids	modulates	receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (2)	2	2 rows (211-212)
CBC	modulates	receptor, transporter, target, metabolic, or pharmacology mechanisms	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (1)	1	663
CBC	studied for	Skin and inflammatory dermatology	Mechanistic research summary: mechanistic or pharmacological (1)	1	711
CBD	modulates	GPR18	Mechanistic research summary: mechanistic or pharmacological (3)	3	3 rows (955-962)
CBD	modulates	GPR55	Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (2), mechanistic or pharmacological (3)	5	5 rows (935-943)
CBD	modulates	receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (1)	1	255
CBD	studied for	receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms	Mechanistic and preclinical research summary: mechanistic or pharmacological (1), preclinical (1)	2	2 rows (279-280)
CBG	modulates	receptor, target, metabolic, or pharmacology mechanisms	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (1)	1	568
CBG	studied for	safety, tolerability, adverse-event, impairment, toxicity, or formulation-specific concerns	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (1)	1	557
CBN	modulates	receptor, target, metabolic, or pharmacology mechanisms	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (1)	1	517
Endocannabinoids	modulates	GPR119	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (1)	1	966
Endocannabinoids	modulates	GPR18	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (2)	2	2 rows (947-952)
Endocannabinoids	modulates	GPR55	Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (4), mechanistic or pharmacological (1)	5	5 rows (929-941)
Endocannabinoids	modulates	receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (2)	2	2 rows (209-210)
NADA	studied for	NADA biology, receptor or TRP-channel pharmacology, metabolism, physiology, or safety-relevant mechanisms	Mechanistic research summary: mechanistic or pharmacological (1)	1	1134
OEA	studied for	OEA biology, receptor pharmacology, feeding, metabolism, physiology, or safety-relevant mechanisms	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (2)	2	2 rows (1094-1104)
OEA	modulates	TRPV1	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (1)	1	977
PEA	studied for	PEA biology, receptor or target pharmacology, inflammation, pain-related mechanisms, or safety-relevant mechanisms	Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (1), mechanistic or pharmacological (1)	2	2 rows (1109-1114)
THC	modulates	GPR18	Mechanistic research summary: mechanistic or pharmacological (1)	1	949
THC	modulates	GPR55	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (3)	3	3 rows (927-939)
THC	modulates	receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms	Preclinical research summary: preclinical (1)	1	213
THC	modulates	TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (1)	1	362
THC	modulates	TRPA1	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (1)	1	1032
THC	modulates	TRPV1	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (2)	2	2 rows (972-985)
THC	modulates	TRPV2	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (1)	1	990
THCV	studied for	Appetite and metabolic outcomes	Mechanistic research summary: mechanistic or pharmacological (1)	1	735
THCV	modulates	receptor, target, metabolic, or pharmacology mechanisms	Mapped evidence with interpretation limits: insufficient (1)	1	769
Virodhamine	studied for	virodhamine biology, receptor pharmacology, metabolism, physiology, or safety-relevant mechanisms	Mechanistic research summary: insufficient (1), mechanistic or pharmacological (1)	2	2 rows (1157-1161)

Source-Backed Evidence Table

Evidence Row	Statement	Source
209	Endocannabinoids modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms).	Potential metabolic and behavioural roles of the putative endocannabinoid receptors GPR18, GPR55 and GPR119 in feeding.PubMed 31146657 DOI 10.2174/1570159x17666190118143014
210	Endocannabinoids modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms).	Some Prospective Alternatives for Treating Pain: The Endocannabinoid System and Its Putative Receptors GPR18 and GPR55.PubMed 30670965 DOI 10.3389/fphar.2018.01496
211	Cannabinoids modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms).	Cannabinoid Receptor-Related Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptors.PubMed 28826536 DOI 10.1016/bs.apha.2017.04.004
212	Cannabinoids modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms).	New Insights in Cannabinoid Receptor Structure and Signaling.PubMed 30767756 DOI 10.2174/1874467212666190215112036
213	THC modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: preclinical (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms).	Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol Differentially Regulate Intraocular Pressure.PubMed 30550613 DOI 10.1167/iovs.18-24838
255	CBD modulates receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms).	A novel insight into the antidepressant effect of cannabidiol: possible involvement of the 5-HT1A, CB1, GPR55, and PPARγ receptors.PubMed 39657242 DOI 10.1093/ijnp/pyae064
279	CBD studied for receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms).	Olivetolic acid, a cannabinoid precursor in Cannabis sativa, but not CBGA methyl ester exhibits a modest anticonvulsant effect in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome.PubMed 34980287 DOI 10.1186/s42238-021-00113-w
280	CBD studied for receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: preclinical (population or model: Pediatric, adolescent, or developmental context mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: receptor, target, or pharmacology mechanisms).	Cannabigerolic acid, a major biosynthetic precursor molecule in cannabis, exhibits divergent effects on seizures in mouse models of epilepsy.PubMed 34384142 DOI 10.1111/bph.15661
362	THC modulates TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRP channel activity or ionotropic cannabinoid target mechanisms).	Cannabinoids in the landscape of cancer.PubMed 34259916 DOI 10.1007/s00432-021-03710-7
517	CBN modulates receptor, target, metabolic, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: receptor, target, metabolic, or pharmacology mechanisms).	Chemical diversity, receptor binding affinity, and pharmacology of phytocannabinoids: Insights into neuronal mechanisms.PubMed 40967679 DOI 10.1016/bs.pbr.2025.07.006
557	CBG studied for safety, tolerability, adverse-event, impairment, toxicity, or formulation-specific concerns; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: safety, tolerability, adverse-event, impairment, toxicity, or formulation-specific concerns).	The Cytotoxic Effects of Cannabidiol and Cannabigerol on Glioblastoma Stem Cells May Mostly Involve GPR55 and TRPV1 Signalling.PubMed 36497400 DOI 10.3390/cancers14235918
568	CBG modulates receptor, target, metabolic, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: receptor, target, metabolic, or pharmacology mechanisms).	Chemical diversity, receptor binding affinity, and pharmacology of phytocannabinoids: Insights into neuronal mechanisms.PubMed 40967679 DOI 10.1016/bs.pbr.2025.07.006
663	CBC modulates receptor, transporter, target, metabolic, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Meta-analysis or systematic evidence synthesis; outcome measure: receptor, transporter, target, metabolic, or pharmacology mechanisms).	Chemical diversity, receptor binding affinity, and pharmacology of phytocannabinoids: Insights into neuronal mechanisms.PubMed 40967679 DOI 10.1016/bs.pbr.2025.07.006
711	CBC studied for Skin and inflammatory dermatology; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: skin, dermatology, antimicrobial, or topical inflammatory outcomes).	Effects of Rare Phytocannabinoids on the Endocannabinoid System of Human Keratinocytes.PubMed 35628241 DOI 10.3390/ijms23105430
735	THCV studied for Appetite and metabolic outcomes; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: appetite-related or metabolic outcomes).	High fat-fed GPR55 null mice display impaired glucose tolerance without concomitant changes in energy balance or insulin sensitivity but are less responsive to the effects of the cannabinoids rimonabant or Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabivarin on weight gain.PubMed 32904155 DOI 10.7717/peerj.9811
769	THCV modulates receptor, target, metabolic, or pharmacology mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: receptor, target, metabolic, or pharmacology mechanisms).	Pharmacology of cannabinoids in the treatment of epilepsy.PubMed 28087250 DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.11.016
839	Cannabinoids modulates CB1; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: CB1 neurobehavioral, appetite, metabolic, pain, cognition, or synaptic mechanisms).	New Insights in Cannabinoid Receptor Structure and Signaling.PubMed 30767756 DOI 10.2174/1874467212666190215112036
926	Cannabinoids modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Cannabinoid Receptor-Related Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptors.PubMed 28826536 DOI 10.1016/bs.apha.2017.04.004
927	THC modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Cannabinoids in the landscape of cancer.PubMed 34259916 DOI 10.1007/s00432-021-03710-7
928	Cannabinoids modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	The enigmatic pharmacology of GPR55.PubMed 19233486 DOI 10.1016/j.tips.2008.12.004
929	Endocannabinoids modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Molecular networks underlying cannabinoid signaling in skeletal muscle plasticity.PubMed 35862111 DOI 10.1002/jcp.30837
930	Endocannabinoids modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Is GPR55 an anandamide receptor?PubMed 19647110 DOI 10.1016/s0083-6729(09
931	Endocannabinoids modulates GPR55; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	The GPR55 ligand L-alpha-lysophosphatidylinositol promotes RhoA-dependent Ca2+ signaling and NFAT activation.PubMed 18757503 DOI 10.1096/fj.08-108670
932	Cannabinoids modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	GPR55 - a putative "type 3" cannabinoid receptor in inflammation.PubMed 26669245 DOI 10.1515/jbcpp-2015-0080
933	Cannabinoids modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Cannabinoid receptor ligand bias: implications in the central nervous system.PubMed 27835801 DOI 10.1016/j.coph.2016.10.005
934	Cannabinoids modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	GPR55, a lysophosphatidylinositol receptor with cannabinoid sensitivity?PubMed 20370712 DOI 10.2174/156802610791164229
935	CBD modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	A narrative review of molecular mechanism and therapeutic effect of cannabidiol (CBD).PubMed 35083862 DOI 10.1111/bcpt.13710
936	CBD modulates GPR55; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	The novel endocannabinoid receptor GPR55 is activated by atypical cannabinoids but does not mediate their vasodilator effects.PubMed 17704827 DOI 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707419
937	Endocannabinoids modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	The Endocannabinoid System of Animals.PubMed 31527410 DOI 10.3390/ani9090686
938	THC modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	GPR55: a new member of the cannabinoid receptor clan?PubMed 17876300 DOI 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707464
939	THC modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Pharmacological characterization of GPR55, a putative cannabinoid receptor.PubMed 20298715 DOI 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.02.004
940	CBD modulates GPR55; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	The orphan receptor GPR55 is a novel cannabinoid receptor.PubMed 17876302 DOI 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707460
941	Endocannabinoids modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Cannabis and Endocannabinoid Signaling in Epilepsy.PubMed 26408165 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-20825-1_10
942	CBD modulates GPR55; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Epilepsy, neuroinflammation and cannabidiol What do we know thus far?PubMed 41560741 DOI 10.3389/fphar.2025.1749260
943	CBD modulates GPR55; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (outcome measure: GPR55 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Interacting binding insights and conformational consequences of the differential activity of cannabidiol with two endocannabinoid-activated G-protein-coupled receptors.PubMed 36016551 DOI 10.3389/fphar.2022.945935
944	Cannabinoids modulates GPR18; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Cannabinoid Receptor-Related Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptors.PubMed 28826536 DOI 10.1016/bs.apha.2017.04.004
945	Cannabinoids modulates GPR18; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Cannabinoid receptor ligand bias: implications in the central nervous system.PubMed 27835801 DOI 10.1016/j.coph.2016.10.005
947	Endocannabinoids modulates GPR18; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Cannabinoids in Gynecological Diseases.PubMed 34676329 DOI 10.1159/000499164
949	THC modulates GPR18; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Structure-activity relationships of imidazothiazinones and analogs as antagonists of the cannabinoid-activated orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR18.PubMed 29902723 DOI 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.05.050
951	Cannabinoids modulates GPR18; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Structural insights into the activation of G protein-coupled receptor 119 by the agonist GSK1292263 and ligands selectivity among novel cannabinoid receptors.PubMed 40562148 DOI 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.145476
952	Endocannabinoids modulates GPR18; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	An Update on Non-CB1, Non-CB2 Cannabinoid Related G-Protein-Coupled Receptors.PubMed 29098189 DOI 10.1089/can.2017.0036
955	CBD modulates GPR18; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	N-arachidonoyl glycine, an abundant endogenous lipid, potently drives directed cellular migration through GPR18, the putative abnormal cannabidiol receptor.PubMed 20346144 DOI 10.1186/1471-2202-11-44
959	CBD modulates GPR18; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	A GPR18-based signalling system regulates IOP in murine eye.PubMed 23461720 DOI 10.1111/bph.12136
962	CBD modulates GPR18; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Animal study; outcome measure: GPR18 receptor activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Cannabinoid and lipid-mediated vasorelaxation in retinal microvasculature.PubMed 24751709 DOI 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.03.055
966	Endocannabinoids modulates GPR119; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: GPR119 receptor activity, binding, signaling, metabolic physiology, or pharmacology).	Role of acylethanolamides in the gastrointestinal tract with special reference to food intake and energy balance.PubMed 19285259 DOI 10.1016/j.beem.2008.10.003
972	THC modulates TRPV1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Cannabinoids in the landscape of cancer.PubMed 34259916 DOI 10.1007/s00432-021-03710-7
977	OEA modulates TRPV1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Novel cannabinoid receptors.PubMed 17906678 DOI 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707481
985	THC modulates TRPV1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Cannabis for the Treatment of Epilepsy: an Update.PubMed 30194563 DOI 10.1007/s11910-018-0882-y
990	THC modulates TRPV2; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPV2 channel activity, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Cannabinoids in the landscape of cancer.PubMed 34259916 DOI 10.1007/s00432-021-03710-7
1032	THC modulates TRPA1; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: TRPA1 channel activity, desensitization, binding, signaling, or pharmacology).	Cannabinoids in the landscape of cancer.PubMed 34259916 DOI 10.1007/s00432-021-03710-7
1063	Anandamide studied for anandamide biology, receptor pharmacology, metabolism, physiology, or safety-relevant mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: anandamide biology, receptor pharmacology, metabolism, physiology, or safety-relevant mechanisms).	Anandamide and other N-acylethanolamines: A class of signaling lipids with therapeutic opportunities.PubMed 36150527 DOI 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101194
1064	Anandamide studied for anandamide biology, receptor pharmacology, metabolism, physiology, or safety-relevant mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: anandamide biology, receptor pharmacology, metabolism, physiology, or safety-relevant mechanisms).	Metabolism of endocannabinoids.PubMed 27516570 DOI 10.5604/17322693.1213898
1094	OEA studied for OEA biology, receptor pharmacology, feeding, metabolism, physiology, or safety-relevant mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: OEA biology, receptor pharmacology, feeding, metabolism, physiology, or safety-relevant mechanisms).	Role of acylethanolamides in the gastrointestinal tract with special reference to food intake and energy balance.PubMed 19285259 DOI 10.1016/j.beem.2008.10.003
1104	OEA studied for OEA biology, receptor pharmacology, feeding, metabolism, physiology, or safety-relevant mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: OEA biology, receptor pharmacology, feeding, metabolism, physiology, or safety-relevant mechanisms).	Regulation of Cholesterol and Triglyceride Metabolism by Fatty acid Ethanolamides.PubMed 42068417 DOI 10.1007/s11883-026-01417-z
1109	PEA studied for PEA biology, receptor or target pharmacology, inflammation, pain-related mechanisms, or safety-relevant mechanisms; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: PEA biology, receptor or target pharmacology, inflammation, pain-related mechanisms, or safety-relevant mechanisms).	Palmitoylethanolamide: A Multifunctional Molecule for Neuroprotection, Chronic Pain, and Immune Modulation.PubMed 40563990 DOI 10.3390/biomedicines13061271
1114	PEA studied for PEA biology, receptor or target pharmacology, inflammation, pain-related mechanisms, or safety-relevant mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Systematic review; outcome measure: PEA biology, receptor or target pharmacology, inflammation, pain-related mechanisms, or safety-relevant mechanisms).	Palmitoylethanolamide and Its Biobehavioral Correlates in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review of Human and Animal Evidence.PubMed 33919499 DOI 10.3390/nu13041346
1134	NADA studied for NADA biology, receptor or TRP-channel pharmacology, metabolism, physiology, or safety-relevant mechanisms; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Human participants or patients mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: NADA biology, receptor or TRP-channel pharmacology, metabolism, physiology, or safety-relevant mechanisms).	The endocannabinoid/endovanilloid N-arachidonoyl dopamine (NADA) and synthetic cannabinoid WIN55,212-2 abate the inflammatory activation of human endothelial cells.PubMed 24644287 DOI 10.1074/jbc.m113.536953
1157	Virodhamine studied for virodhamine biology, receptor pharmacology, metabolism, physiology, or safety-relevant mechanisms; evidence class: insufficient (population or model: Animal model mentioned; study design: Narrative or expert review; outcome measure: virodhamine biology, receptor pharmacology, metabolism, physiology, or safety-relevant mechanisms).	GPR55: a new member of the cannabinoid receptor clan?PubMed 17876300 DOI 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707464
1161	Virodhamine studied for virodhamine biology, receptor pharmacology, metabolism, physiology, or safety-relevant mechanisms; evidence class: mechanistic or pharmacological (population or model: Cellular or in vitro model mentioned; study design: Cellular or in vitro study; outcome measure: virodhamine biology, receptor pharmacology, metabolism, physiology, or safety-relevant mechanisms).	The endocannabinoids anandamide and virodhamine modulate the activity of the candidate cannabinoid receptor GPR55.PubMed 22454039 DOI 10.1007/s11481-012-9351-6

Anandamide
Appetite and metabolic outcomes
CB1
CBC
CBD
CBG
CBN
Cannabinoids
Endocannabinoids
GPR119
GPR18
NADA
OEA
PEA
Skin and inflammatory dermatology
THC
THCV
TRPA1
TRPV1
TRPV2

References

Potential metabolic and behavioural roles of the putative endocannabinoid receptors GPR18, GPR55 and GPR119 in feeding.PubMed 31146657 DOI 10.2174/1570159x17666190118143014
Some Prospective Alternatives for Treating Pain: The Endocannabinoid System and Its Putative Receptors GPR18 and GPR55.PubMed 30670965 DOI 10.3389/fphar.2018.01496
Cannabinoid Receptor-Related Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptors.PubMed 28826536 DOI 10.1016/bs.apha.2017.04.004
New Insights in Cannabinoid Receptor Structure and Signaling.PubMed 30767756 DOI 10.2174/1874467212666190215112036
Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol Differentially Regulate Intraocular Pressure.PubMed 30550613 DOI 10.1167/iovs.18-24838
A novel insight into the antidepressant effect of cannabidiol: possible involvement of the 5-HT1A, CB1, GPR55, and PPARγ receptors.PubMed 39657242 DOI 10.1093/ijnp/pyae064
Olivetolic acid, a cannabinoid precursor in Cannabis sativa, but not CBGA methyl ester exhibits a modest anticonvulsant effect in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome.PubMed 34980287 DOI 10.1186/s42238-021-00113-w
Cannabigerolic acid, a major biosynthetic precursor molecule in cannabis, exhibits divergent effects on seizures in mouse models of epilepsy.PubMed 34384142 DOI 10.1111/bph.15661
Cannabinoids in the landscape of cancer.PubMed 34259916 DOI 10.1007/s00432-021-03710-7
Chemical diversity, receptor binding affinity, and pharmacology of phytocannabinoids: Insights into neuronal mechanisms.PubMed 40967679 DOI 10.1016/bs.pbr.2025.07.006
The Cytotoxic Effects of Cannabidiol and Cannabigerol on Glioblastoma Stem Cells May Mostly Involve GPR55 and TRPV1 Signalling.PubMed 36497400 DOI 10.3390/cancers14235918
Effects of Rare Phytocannabinoids on the Endocannabinoid System of Human Keratinocytes.PubMed 35628241 DOI 10.3390/ijms23105430
High fat-fed GPR55 null mice display impaired glucose tolerance without concomitant changes in energy balance or insulin sensitivity but are less responsive to the effects of the cannabinoids rimonabant or Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabivarin on weight gain.PubMed 32904155 DOI 10.7717/peerj.9811
Pharmacology of cannabinoids in the treatment of epilepsy.PubMed 28087250 DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.11.016
The enigmatic pharmacology of GPR55.PubMed 19233486 DOI 10.1016/j.tips.2008.12.004
Molecular networks underlying cannabinoid signaling in skeletal muscle plasticity.PubMed 35862111 DOI 10.1002/jcp.30837
Is GPR55 an anandamide receptor?PubMed 19647110 DOI 10.1016/s0083-6729(09
The GPR55 ligand L-alpha-lysophosphatidylinositol promotes RhoA-dependent Ca2+ signaling and NFAT activation.PubMed 18757503 DOI 10.1096/fj.08-108670
GPR55 - a putative "type 3" cannabinoid receptor in inflammation.PubMed 26669245 DOI 10.1515/jbcpp-2015-0080
Cannabinoid receptor ligand bias: implications in the central nervous system.PubMed 27835801 DOI 10.1016/j.coph.2016.10.005
GPR55, a lysophosphatidylinositol receptor with cannabinoid sensitivity?PubMed 20370712 DOI 10.2174/156802610791164229
A narrative review of molecular mechanism and therapeutic effect of cannabidiol (CBD).PubMed 35083862 DOI 10.1111/bcpt.13710
The novel endocannabinoid receptor GPR55 is activated by atypical cannabinoids but does not mediate their vasodilator effects.PubMed 17704827 DOI 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707419
The Endocannabinoid System of Animals.PubMed 31527410 DOI 10.3390/ani9090686
GPR55: a new member of the cannabinoid receptor clan?PubMed 17876300 DOI 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707464
Pharmacological characterization of GPR55, a putative cannabinoid receptor.PubMed 20298715 DOI 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.02.004
The orphan receptor GPR55 is a novel cannabinoid receptor.PubMed 17876302 DOI 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707460
Cannabis and Endocannabinoid Signaling in Epilepsy.PubMed 26408165 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-20825-1_10
Epilepsy, neuroinflammation and cannabidiol What do we know thus far?PubMed 41560741 DOI 10.3389/fphar.2025.1749260
Interacting binding insights and conformational consequences of the differential activity of cannabidiol with two endocannabinoid-activated G-protein-coupled receptors.PubMed 36016551 DOI 10.3389/fphar.2022.945935
Cannabinoids in Gynecological Diseases.PubMed 34676329 DOI 10.1159/000499164
Structure-activity relationships of imidazothiazinones and analogs as antagonists of the cannabinoid-activated orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR18.PubMed 29902723 DOI 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.05.050
Structural insights into the activation of G protein-coupled receptor 119 by the agonist GSK1292263 and ligands selectivity among novel cannabinoid receptors.PubMed 40562148 DOI 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.145476
An Update on Non-CB1, Non-CB2 Cannabinoid Related G-Protein-Coupled Receptors.PubMed 29098189 DOI 10.1089/can.2017.0036
N-arachidonoyl glycine, an abundant endogenous lipid, potently drives directed cellular migration through GPR18, the putative abnormal cannabidiol receptor.PubMed 20346144 DOI 10.1186/1471-2202-11-44
A GPR18-based signalling system regulates IOP in murine eye.PubMed 23461720 DOI 10.1111/bph.12136
Cannabinoid and lipid-mediated vasorelaxation in retinal microvasculature.PubMed 24751709 DOI 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.03.055
Role of acylethanolamides in the gastrointestinal tract with special reference to food intake and energy balance.PubMed 19285259 DOI 10.1016/j.beem.2008.10.003
Novel cannabinoid receptors.PubMed 17906678 DOI 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707481
Cannabis for the Treatment of Epilepsy: an Update.PubMed 30194563 DOI 10.1007/s11910-018-0882-y
Anandamide and other N-acylethanolamines: A class of signaling lipids with therapeutic opportunities.PubMed 36150527 DOI 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101194
Metabolism of endocannabinoids.PubMed 27516570 DOI 10.5604/17322693.1213898
Regulation of Cholesterol and Triglyceride Metabolism by Fatty acid Ethanolamides.PubMed 42068417 DOI 10.1007/s11883-026-01417-z
Palmitoylethanolamide: A Multifunctional Molecule for Neuroprotection, Chronic Pain, and Immune Modulation.PubMed 40563990 DOI 10.3390/biomedicines13061271
Palmitoylethanolamide and Its Biobehavioral Correlates in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review of Human and Animal Evidence.PubMed 33919499 DOI 10.3390/nu13041346
The endocannabinoid/endovanilloid N-arachidonoyl dopamine (NADA) and synthetic cannabinoid WIN55,212-2 abate the inflammatory activation of human endothelial cells.PubMed 24644287 DOI 10.1074/jbc.m113.536953
The endocannabinoids anandamide and virodhamine modulate the activity of the candidate cannabinoid receptor GPR55.PubMed 22454039 DOI 10.1007/s11481-012-9351-6

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