Cannabinoid Encyclopedia

How a study was run

What does Route of administration mean?

How oral, inhaled, topical, sublingual, and other routes change interpretation. 1

Also called: inhaled, oral, route, sublingual, topical

Simple definition

Route of administration, in plain English

How oral, inhaled, topical, sublingual, and other routes change interpretation. 1

Why it matters

How this word is used in cannabinoid research

This word describes how a study was run. It can change whether the study is a close match for the question a reader is asking.

How to read it

Read the definition beside the study details, including dose, route, product, population, and outcome.

Common questions

Questions people ask

What does Route of administration mean?

How oral, inhaled, topical, sublingual, and other routes change interpretation.

Why does Route of administration matter?

This word describes how a study was run. It can change whether the study is a close match for the question a reader is asking.

Is Route of administration proof that a cannabinoid works?

No. A definition helps explain the language. The related research pages and their sources show what was actually studied.

Sources

Research connected to this term

Definitions explain the word. These links show research records currently connected with it.

  1. 1
    A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Assess the Effectiveness and Safety of Melatonin and Three Formulations of Floraworks Proprietary TruCBN for Improving Sleep preliminary human PubMed 39204082
  2. 2
    Cannabinol for acute treatment of insomnia disorder in a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial preliminary human PubMed 41698831
  3. 3
    Evaluation of the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of nanodispersible cannabidiol oral solution (150 mg/mL) versus placebo in mild to moderate anxiety subjects: A double blind multicenter randomized clinical trial. preliminary human PubMed 38797087
  4. 4
    Effect of Preoperative Oral Cannabidiol-Rich Cannabis Extract on Anxiety and Postoperative Pain after Endodontic Treatment: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial. preliminary human PubMed 39505200
  5. 5
    Oral Cannabis Extract for Secondary Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Final Results of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase II/III Trial. preliminary human PubMed 39151115
  6. 6
    Serum cannabidiol, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and their native acid derivatives after transdermal application of a low-THC Cannabis sativa extract in beagles. insufficient PubMed 32735381
See all 59 connected research sources
  1. 1
    A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Assess the Effectiveness and Safety of Melatonin and Three Formulations of Floraworks Proprietary TruCBN for Improving Sleep preliminary human PubMed 39204082
  2. 2
    Cannabinol for acute treatment of insomnia disorder in a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial preliminary human PubMed 41698831
  3. 3
    Evaluation of the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of nanodispersible cannabidiol oral solution (150 mg/mL) versus placebo in mild to moderate anxiety subjects: A double blind multicenter randomized clinical trial. preliminary human PubMed 38797087
  4. 4
    Effect of Preoperative Oral Cannabidiol-Rich Cannabis Extract on Anxiety and Postoperative Pain after Endodontic Treatment: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial. preliminary human PubMed 39505200
  5. 5
    Oral Cannabis Extract for Secondary Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Final Results of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase II/III Trial. preliminary human PubMed 39151115
  6. 6
    Serum cannabidiol, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and their native acid derivatives after transdermal application of a low-THC Cannabis sativa extract in beagles. insufficient PubMed 32735381
  7. 7
    Physiological effect and pharmacokinetic evaluation of combined oral administration of cannabidiolic acid and cannabigerolic acid in dogs. mechanistic or pharmacological PubMed 41822224
  8. 8
    Toxicological Evaluation and Pain Assessment of Four Minor Cannabinoids Following 14-Day Oral Administration in Rats. preclinical PubMed 37721989
  9. 9
    Oral Consumption of Cannabidiol During Pregnancy Alters Behavior in Mouse Offspring. preclinical PubMed 41840986
  10. 10
    Increased vulnerability to atrial and ventricular arrhythmias caused by different types of inhaled tobacco or marijuana products. preclinical PubMed 36603937
  11. 11
    Short-term repeated oral intake of low dose cannabidiol: effects on liver enzyme activity and creatinine concentration during intense exercise. insufficient PubMed 39630203
  12. 12
    Acid-Catalyzed Conversion of Cannabidiol to Tetrahydrocannabinols: En Route to Demystifying Manufacturing Processes and Controlling the Reaction Outcomes. insufficient PubMed 40250991
  13. 13
    Cannabidiol in Skin Health: A Comprehensive Review of Topical Applications in Dermatology and Cosmetic Science. insufficient PubMed 41008526
  14. 14
    Observed Impact of Long-Term Consumption of Oral Cannabidiol on Liver Function in Healthy Adults. preliminary human PubMed 34918948
  15. 15
    The Effectiveness of Topical Cannabidiol Oil in Symptomatic Relief of Peripheral Neuropathy of the Lower Extremities. preliminary human PubMed 31793418
  16. 16
    Oral capsules of tetra-hydro-cannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD) and their combination in peripheral neuropathic pain treatment. preliminary human PubMed 36571471
  17. 17
    Acute Effects of Oral Cannabinoids on Sleep and High-Density EEG in Insomnia: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial. preliminary human PubMed 40631525
  18. 18
    Evaluating possible 'next day' impairment in insomnia patients administered an oral medicinal cannabis product by night: a pilot randomized controlled trial. preliminary human PubMed 38758300
  19. 19
    The effects of combinations of intranasal cocaine, smoked marijuana, and task performance on heart rate and blood pressure. preliminary human PubMed 2162543
  20. 20
    Developing a phone-based measure of impairment after acute oral ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol. insufficient PubMed 31407943
  21. 21
    Cognitive and subjective dose-response effects of acute oral Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in infrequent cannabis users. preliminary human PubMed 12373420
  22. 22
    Dronabinol oral solution in the management of anorexia and weight loss in AIDS and cancer. insufficient PubMed 29670357
  23. 23
    Single dose and chronic oral administration of cannabigerol and cannabigerolic acid-rich hemp extract in fed and fasted dogs: Physiological effect and pharmacokinetic evaluation. mechanistic or pharmacological PubMed 35246858
  24. 24
    Exploring Cannabidiol (CBD) and Cannabigerol (CBG) Safety Profile and Skincare Potential. mechanistic or pharmacological PubMed 39596290
  25. 25
    The antinociceptive activity and mechanism of action of cannabigerol. preclinical PubMed 36916438
  26. 26
    Targeting Vascular and Inflammatory Crosstalk: Cannabigerol as a Dual-Pathway Modulator in Rosacea. mechanistic or pharmacological PubMed 40725084
  27. 27
    Cannabidiol and Cannabigerol Exert Antimicrobial Activity without Compromising Skin Microbiota. insufficient PubMed 36768709
  28. 28
    In Vitro and Clinical Evaluation of Cannabigerol (CBG) Produced via Yeast Biosynthesis: A Cannabinoid with a Broad Range of Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Health-Boosting Properties. mechanistic or pharmacological PubMed 35056807
  29. 29
    Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Cannabigerol In Vitro and In Vivo Are Mediated Through the JAK/STAT/NFκB Signaling Pathway. mechanistic or pharmacological PubMed 39851511
  30. 30
    Evaluation of Biophysical Parameters of the Skin of Patients With Atopic Dermatitis After Application of an Ointment Containing 30% Cannabidiol and 5% Cannabigerol. preliminary human PubMed 40124934
  31. 31
    Mannich-type modifications of (-)-cannabidiol and (-)-cannabigerol leading to new, bioactive derivatives. mechanistic or pharmacological PubMed 37949940
  32. 32
    Skin cells protection against UVA radiation - The comparison of various antioxidants and viability tests. mechanistic or pharmacological PubMed 39647320
  33. 33
    Minor Cannabinoids as Inhibitors of Skin Inflammation: Chemical Synthesis and Biological Evaluation. insufficient PubMed 38889235
  34. 34
    The Anti-Inflammatory Action of Cannabigerol Accompanied by the Antioxidant Effect of 3-O-ethyl Ascorbic Acid in UVA-Irradiated Human Keratinocytes. mechanistic or pharmacological PubMed 37652708
  35. 35
    A new cannabigerol derivative, LE-127/2, induces autophagy mediated cell death in human cutaneous melanoma cells. mechanistic or pharmacological PubMed 39357769
  36. 36
    Design, synthesis, and biological profiling of fluorinated cannabidiol and cannabigerol derivatives as promising therapeutic agents. insufficient PubMed 41645347
  37. 37
    Differential effectiveness of selected non-psychotropic phytocannabinoids on human sebocyte functions implicates their introduction in dry/seborrhoeic skin and acne treatment. mechanistic or pharmacological PubMed 27094344
  38. 38
    Pharmacokinetic and Safety Evaluation of Various Oral Doses of a Novel 1:20 THC:CBD Cannabis Herbal Extract in Dogs. mechanistic or pharmacological PubMed 33134364
  39. 39
    Cannabinoids: Therapeutic Applications, Mechanisms, and Challenges in Modern Medicine. mechanistic or pharmacological PubMed 42163693
  40. 40
    The Potential of Cannabichromene (CBC) as a Therapeutic Agent. insufficient PubMed 38777605
  41. 41
    Therapeutic Potential of Minor Cannabinoids in Dermatological Diseases-A Synthetic Review. insufficient PubMed 37630401
  42. 42
    Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of membrane-active cannabichromene derivatives as potent antibacterial agents. preclinical PubMed 40580638
  43. 43
    Cannabigerol and Cannabicyclol Block SARS-CoV-2 Cell Fusion. insufficient PubMed 38885660
  44. 44
    Cannabichromene as a Novel Inhibitor of Th2 Cytokine and JAK/STAT Pathway Activation in Atopic Dermatitis Models. mechanistic or pharmacological PubMed 39769302
  45. 45
    Cannabis-Based Phytocannabinoids: Overview, Mechanism of Action, Therapeutic Application, Production, and Affecting Environmental Factors. insufficient PubMed 39457041
  46. 46
    Cannabinoids as Antibacterial Agents: A Systematic and Critical Review of In Vitro Efficacy Against Streptococcus and Staphylococcus. insufficient PubMed 39596719
  47. 47
    Effects of Rare Phytocannabinoids on the Endocannabinoid System of Human Keratinocytes. mechanistic or pharmacological PubMed 35628241
  48. 48
    Cannabidiol and Minor Phytocannabinoids: A Preliminary Study to Assess Their Anti-Melanoma, Anti-Melanogenic, and Anti-Tyrosinase Properties. mechanistic or pharmacological PubMed 37242431
  49. 49
    Rare Phytocannabinoids Exert Anti-Inflammatory Effects on Human Keratinocytes via the Endocannabinoid System and MAPK Signaling Pathway. mechanistic or pharmacological PubMed 36769042
  50. 50
    Geotemporospatial and causal inferential epidemiological overview and survey of USA cannabis, cannabidiol and cannabinoid genotoxicity expressed in cancer incidence 2003-2017: part 1 - continuous bivariate analysis. insufficient PubMed 35354487
  51. 51
    Design and synthesis of amphiphilic cannabichromene derivatives with antimicrobial potential. insufficient PubMed 41202683
  52. 52
    Targeting the antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity of non-psychotropic Cannabis sativa L.: a comparison with chemotype V. insufficient PubMed 41121423
  53. 53
    Broad-spectrum bactericidal synergy of silver-cannabichromene-cannabigerol triple combinations against healthcare-associated pathogens. preliminary human PubMed 41983582
  54. 54
    Synthetic Pathways to Non-Psychotropic Phytocannabinoids as Promising Molecules to Develop Novel Antibiotics: A Review. insufficient PubMed 37514074
  55. 55
    Spent Material Extractives from Hemp Hydrodistillation as an Underexplored Source of Antimicrobial Cannabinoids. insufficient PubMed 38927152
  56. 56
    Biological activity of cannabichromene, its homologs and isomers. preclinical PubMed 7298870
  57. 57
    A Two-Phase, Dose-Ranging, Placebo-Controlled Study of the Safety and Preliminary Test of Acute Effects of Oral Δ8-Tetrahydrocannabivarin in Healthy Participants. preliminary human PubMed 37721990
  58. 58
    Systematic Review on Transdermal/Topical Cannabidiol Trials: A Reconsidered Way Forward. insufficient PubMed 35605018
  59. 59
    Oral ibuprofen differentially affects plasma and sweat lipid mediator profiles in healthy adult males. preliminary human PubMed 29778785